| Kyiv Television Tower | |
| Native Name: | Київська телевежа |
| Native Name Lang: | uk |
| Map Type: | Ukraine Kyiv |
| Map Size: | 300 |
| Location: | Kyiv, Ukraine |
| Coordinates: | 50.4711°N 30.4533°W |
| Status: | Complete |
| Opening: | 1973 |
| Closing Date: | 2022 |
| Start Date: | 1968 |
| Completion Date: | 1973 |
| Building Type: | Steel lattice television tower |
| Height: | 3850NaN0 |
| Elevator Count: | 2 |
The Kyiv TV Tower (Ukrainian: Телевізійна вежа|translit=Televiziyna vezha) is a 385m (1,263feet) lattice metal tower[1] on Oranzhereina Street, Kyiv, Ukraine, and is the tallest structure in the country. The tower was built in 1973 while Kyiv was the capital of Ukrainian SSR. The tower was the tallest freestanding metal structure in the world It is used for radio and television broadcasting and is not open to the public. It is the tallest lattice tower in the world and sixth tallest structure in Europe.
The tower was first designed for Moscow, then the Soviet capital. But Moscow authorities preferred a more "solid" type of tower, which was eventually built (Ostankino Tower). Later, when Kyiv needed its own tower, the project was reintroduced. The Soviet government ordered the engineers to shorten the tower by almost 30%, so as not to be as tall as the Moscow one.[2] [3]
The tower was built on top of the Jewish cemetery in Lukianovka. The cemetery was officially closed in 1966 and Jewish families were given six months to rebury their relatives in the Jewish areas of a new cemetery in the city. Since the relatives of the interred had been killed in the Babi Yar massacre, most of the graves were not moved. After the headstones had been destroyed or removed, the antenna was built on top of the existing graves.[4] [5] [6] [7]
Construction began in 1968[8] and finished in 1973 at a cost of approximately $12 million. Made of steel pipe of various diameters and thicknesses, the structure weighs 2700t. The central pipe, or core, where the elevator is located, is 4m (13feet) in diameter and made of pipe that is 12 mm thick. It sits on a four-legged base that is about 100m (300feet) meters tall. Atop the base is an enclosed level which houses microwave transmitting and receiving equipment. At about 200m (700feet) is a second enclosed level that houses television and FM transmitters, as well as a control and maintenance shop. This second level is the elevator's terminus.
The tower is unique in that no mechanical fasteners such as rivets are used in the structure: every joint, pipe, and fixture is attached by welding. It is the first all-welded tower in the world.
On 1 March 2022, the tower was hit by a missile fired by Russian forces during the Battle of Kyiv as part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[9] According to Ukrainian officials, five people were killed as a result.[10] The dead included Yevhenii Sakun, the first journalist killed in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[11] Ukraine state advisor Anton Herashchenko accused the Russian army of trying to disrupt the city's communication infrastructure.[12] According to The Kyiv Independent, Ukrainian TV channels' broadcasting was disrupted following the attack.[13] It is unknown if the strike intended to topple the tower or if the intent was to disable its transmission and reception systems. The extent of the damage was not immediately apparent, and the tower remained standing.
The Ukrainian foreign ministry condemned the attack due to its proximity to the memorial to the Babi Yar massacres. The Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center confirmed reports that a second missile had hit the nearby memorial,[14] however there are contradicting reports.[15]