| Kwak Hyo-hwan | |
| Birth Place: | Jeonju, South Jeolla Province, South Korea |
| Occupation: | Poet |
| Language: | Korean |
| Nationality: | South Korean |
| Alma Mater: | Konkuk University |
| Genre: | Poetry |
| Subject: | Korea |
Kwak Hyo Hwan (born 1967) is a South Korean poet. Since his literary debut in 1996, he wrote a number of poems based on his interest in regions north of the Korean Peninsula, including Dandong, China, Tibet, Xinjiang Uyghurs Autonomous Region of China, Siberia, and Baykal. In the early 2000s, he served as the director-general of the Daesan Foundation and planned and organized a variety of events for the globalization of Korean literature.
Kwak was born in Jeonju, South Jeolla Province, in 1967 but grew up in Seoul. After graduating from college, he worked for four years as a reporter for Yonhap News Agency.[1] He made his literary debut with the publication of “Byeokhwa sogui goyangi 3” (벽화 속의 고양이 3 The Cat in the Mural 3) in Segye Ilbo in 1996, followed by the publication of six poems including “Suraksan” (수락산 Mount Surak) in Sipyeong in 2002. He served as an editor for Munhaknamoo and Urimunhwa and also as the director-general of the Daesan Foundation.[2]
Kwak planned and organized a variety of events for the globalization of Korean literature.[3] In 2000, the Daesan Foundation hosted the first Seoul International Forum for Literature, which Kwak attended with the South Korean poet Ko Un, American poet Gary Snyder, English novelist Margaret Drabble, and translator Brother Anthony[4] to promote cultural exchange between Korean writers and distinguished writers from around the world. The second forum was held in 2005, the third in 2011, and the fourth in 2017.[5]
In 2003, a Korean literature festival, the first if its kind to be held in Russia, took place was held in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia. Co-hosted by Russia’s Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Daesan Foundation.[6] Kwak was joined by South Korean poet Chong Hyon-jong, literary critic Yu Jong-ho, literature scholar Cho Tong-il, Russian novelist Anatoli Kim, and researcher Kim Ryo Ho at the Gorky Institute.
In 2008, the last year of the joint fellowship program for Korean writers, by the Daesan Foundation and the Center for Korean Studies at UC Berkeley, Kwak held a poetry reading as well as discussing future plans for the program; he read a few poems from his first poetry collection Indio yeoin (인디오 여인 The Indio Woman). He visited Mexico to discuss literary translation projects between South Korea and Mexico with Mexican publisher Fondo De Cultura Economica.
Kwak took part in the 2013 World Writers’ Festival with other Korean and international poets.[7]
Kwak Hyo Hwan’s literature focussed on the regions in the north of the Korean Peninsula. He published his research into the “northern consciousness” of modern Korean poets who were born in the northern regions in the early twentieth century, including Kim Dong-hwan, Baek Seok, Yi Yongak, O Chang-hwan, Yu Chi-hwan, and Yi Yuksa, titled Hanguk geundaesiui bukbanguisik (한국 근대시의 북방의식 The Northern Consciousness in Modern Korean Poetry; 2008).[8] He travelled and explored the region, including the Chinese city Dandong, Tibet, Xinjiang, Siberia, and Baykal. Kwak's poetry collections Jidoe eomneun jip (지도에 없는 집 The House Not Found on a Map; 2010), Seulpeumui ppyeodae (슬픔의 뼈대 The Frame of Sorrow; 2014) were created to reflect his experiences.
To Kwak, the concept was not simply geographical regions, as seen in “Baikal saramdeul” (바이칼 사람들 The People of Baykal), the north he described was a warm and hospitable place where human life has been kept in it is original form, before it became has become fragmented and desolate through the modern civilization.
At the same time, the north reminded Kwak of the turbulent history of Korea; the independence movement; forced labor in colonial Korea under the Japanese rule, and the division of the Korean Peninsula, portrayed in “Siberia hoengdanyeolcha 2” (시베리아 횡단열차2 The Trans-Siberian Railroad 2).[9] Kwak explained that the north “is the beginning and the end. Even if you were isolated, oppressed by the powerful, there you could face each other and live in harmony.” When asked why he repeatedly used the imagery of the northern regions, he replied, “Our life is in disharmony, as we wish to return to that peaceful place but are unable to. I wanted to express that.”[10]
Kwak’s fourth poetry collection Neoneun (너는 You Are), published in 2018, was described as adding socio-historical imagination to the issue of the formation of relationship between the self and others, which he had previously explored. In the foreword, it explains: “you” is “the other but also us.” It is “the beginning and the end” and “the unreachable other inside me.” In Neoneun, “you” is expressed in different ways—“you” is Kwak’s father, who left for a port city to look for a job and whom young Kwak waited for endlessly (“Madangeul geonneoda” (마당을 건너다 Crossing the Yard)) or a Koryo-saram youth, who has been wandering through Hamgyeong Province, Primorsky Krai, Moscow, and Seoul to make a living (“Naneun Koryo-saramida” (나는 고려 사람이다 I Am Koryo-saram)).[11] In “2014-nyeon yeoreum, Gwanghwamun gwangjangeseo” (2014년 여름, 광화문광장에서 In Summer 2014 at Gwanghwamun Square), Kwak described his search of the foundation dubbed “you” in this time and age when everyone touted themselves, against the backdrop of the Gwanghwamun Square where protests and rallies are held. Kwak attempts to get in touch with “you,” or everyone else who is not “me.” His poetic work seems to spur interest in “us” as a community rather than the individuals, such as “me” or singular “you.”[12]
[Daesan Foundation] http://www.daesan.or.kr/ (2019.08.01. 10:00(UTC +9:00))[Seoul International Forum for Literature] 서울국제문학포럼 http://seoulforum.org/2017/intro.html?uid=4 (2019.08.01. 10:00(UTC +9:00))
http://www.dankook.ac.kr/web/kor/-550?p_p_id=Bbs_WAR_bbsportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_Bbs_WAR_bbsportlet_orderBy=createDate&_Bbs_WAR_bbsportlet_curPage=48&_Bbs_WAR_bbsportlet_action=view_message&_Bbs_WAR_bbsportlet_messageId=334262
https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20140115098800005
https://www.mk.co.kr/news/culture/view/2018/11/698640/
https://www.mk.co.kr/news/culture/view/2018/10/671632/