Kurds in Turkmenistan explained

Group:Turkmen Kurds
Population:6,097 (0.1%)
(1995 census)[1]
50,000
(estimate)[2]
Popplace:Ashgabat, Baýramaly, Firjuza, Kara Kala, Mary & near the Atrek River and the Kopet Dag.[3] [4] [5] [6]
Languages:Kurdish (Kurmanji), Turkmen, Russian
Religions:Islam[7]
Related:other Iranian peoples, Kurdish diaspora

The Kurds in Turkmenistan form a part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, and encompass people born in or residing in Turkmenistan who are of Kurdish origin. In the 17th century, Abbas I of Persia and Nader Shah settled Kurdish tribes from Khuzestan alongside the Iranian-Turkmen border. More Kurds arrived to Turkmenistan in the 19th century to find unclaimed land and to escape starvation.[3]

After the dissolution of Kurdistan Uyezd, many Kurds were deported to Turkmenistan.[8] Stalin deported many Kurds from Caucasus to Turkmenistan in 1937 and again in 1944.[9] Since the 1980s, The Kurds of Turkmenistan have been subject to government sponsored assimilation programmes.[10] Under Soviet Turkmenistan the Kurds had their own newspapers and schools, but since the independence of Turkmenistan, the Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov had closed almost all non-Turkmen schools.[10] The majority of the Turkmen Kurds are followers of Shia Islam, with a small minority of Sunni Islam followers.[7]

Despite that the History of current Kurds in Turkmenistan started in 17th Century. The relations and first Contacts between Kurds and Turkmens started with the arrival of the Seljuks in the Middle East.

Population

YearPopulationNote
1926[11] 2,308 In the Turkmen SSR
1936[12] 1,954 In the Turkmen SSR
1959[13] 2,263 In the Turkmen SSR
1970[14] 2,933 In the Turkmen SSR
1979[15] 3,521 In the Turkmen SSR
1989[16] 4,387 In the Turkmen SSR
1995 6,097 (0.1%) In Turkmenistan

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: ru:Итоги всеобщей переписи населения Туркменистана по национальному составу в 1995 году.. http://asgabat.net/turkmenistan/itogi-vseobschei-perepisi-naselenija-turkmenistana-po-nacionalnomu-sostavu-v-1995-godu.html. asgabat.net. 2 December 2012. ru. https://archive.today/20120709093436/http://asgabat.net/turkmenistan/itogi-vseobschei-perepisi-naselenija-turkmenistana-po-nacionalnomu-sostavu-v-1995-godu.html. 9 July 2012. dead.
  2. Ismet Chériff Vanly, "The Kurds in the Soviet Union", in: Philip G. Kreyenbroek & S. Sperl (eds.), The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview (London: Routledge, 1992). pg 164: Table based on 1990 estimates: Turkmenistan (50,000)
  3. Web site: Kurds. Eesti Keele Instituut. 2 December 2012.
  4. Book: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. 1994. James Stuart Olson. 2 December 2012. 409. Bloomsbury Academic . 9780313274978.
  5. Book: The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. Routledge. 1992. registration. Philip G. Kreyenbroek . Stefan Sperl . 2 December 2012. 163. 9780415072656.
  6. Book: A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition. 1996. 978-1-85043-416-0. 3 December 2012. 491. McDowall. David. Bloomsbury Academic .
  7. Book: The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook. 1984. Ronald Wixman. 2 December 2012. 117. M.E. Sharpe . 9780765637093.
  8. Book: Caucasus Chronicles: Nation-Building and Diplomacy in Armenia, 1993-1994. 2002. Leonidas Themistocles Chrysanthopoulos. Gomidas Institute . 9781884630057. 2 December 2012.
  9. Book: The Caucasian Knot: The History & Politics of Nagorno-Karabagh. 1994. Levon Chorbajian . Patrik Donabedi︠a︡n . Claude Mutafian . 2 December 2012. 141. Zed Books . 9781856492881.
  10. Web site: Жизнь курдской общины в Туркменистане [The life of the Kurdish community in Turkmenistan]]. Gündogar. 2 December 2012. ru.
  11. Web site: ru:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_nac_26.php?reg=7. 2 December 2012. ru.
  12. Web site: ru:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_39.php?reg=7. Demoscope.ru. 2 December 2012. ru.
  13. Web site: ru:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_59.php?reg=12. Demoscope.ru. 2 December 2012. ru.
  14. Web site: ru:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_70.php?reg=14. Demoscope.ru. 2 December 2012. ru.
  15. Web site: ru:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_79.php?reg=14. Demoscope.ru. 2 December 2012. ru.
  16. Web site: ru:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР . http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php?reg=14 . Demoscope.ru . 2 December 2012 . ru . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120314043707/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php?reg=14 . 14 March 2012 .

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