Kupea electilis explained

Kupea is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Alfred Philpott in 1930. It contains only one species, Kupea electilis, also known as Kupe's grassmoth, which is endemic to New Zealand. This species has only been recorded at Kaitorete Spit. The larvae feed on Zoysia minima and exist in a cocoon constructed of silk and sand. Adults are on the wing from March to April. It has been hypothesised that the adults are active at twilight. It is classified as Nationally Vulnerable by the Department of Conservation. The female of the species was first discovered in 2012.

Taxonomy

Kupea electilis was first described by Alfred Philpott in 1930 using male specimens collected at Birdling's Flat, Kaitorete Spit by Stuart Lindsay in March.[1] The species was again described and figured by George Vernon Hudson in 1939.[2] David E. Gaskin discussed the species in 1975 stating that once a female specimen was found the systemic position of the genus should be reassessed. The type specimen is held at the Canterbury Museum.[3]

Description

Philpott described this species as follows:

The male has a limited ability to fly.[4] The female of the species is brachypterous.[5] [6]

Distribution

Kupea electilis is endemic to New Zealand.[7] It has only ever been recorded on sites around Kaitorete Spit, Canterbury.[8] [9] The female of the species was first discovered in 2012.

Life history

The larvae exist in a cocoon constructed of silk and sand. They feed on dried pieces of their host plant within the cocoon. Adults are on the wing from mid March to mid April. The time they are active is unknown as K. electilis are not attracted to light but it has been hypothesised they are active at twilight.

Habitat and host plant

This species occurs at sand plains, behind foredunes and low hind dunes. The host of this species is the endemic plant Zoysia minima.

Conservation status

Kupea electilis is regarded as being "Nationally Vulnerable" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.[10] The main threats to this species include grazing cattle and introduced pests such as rabbits that eat its host plant, weed invasion from plants such as sea spurge,[11] and the development or use of land by humans.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Gaskin. D. E.. 1975. Revision of the New Zealand Crambini. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. en. 2. 3. 345. 10.1080/03014223.1975.9517878.
  2. Book: Hudson, George Vernon. A supplement to the butterflies and moths of New Zealand.. Ferguson & Osborn Ltd.. 1939. Wellington. 420–421.
  3. 145.
  4. Web site: Important protection work at Te Waihora. Environment Canterbury Regional Council. 5 May 2016. livenews.co.nz. en-US. 2018-05-05. 2018-06-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015920/https://livenews.co.nz/2016/05/05/important-protection-work-at-te-waihora/. dead.
  5. Book: Patrick, Brian. Conservation status of the New Zealand Lepidoptera.. Dugdale. John S.. Department of Conservation. 2000. 978-0478218671. Wellington, New Zealand. 26.
  6. News: Kaitorete home to rare moth. 2016-03-09. Te Waihora. 2018-05-05. 2022-01-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20220126093040/https://tewaihora.org/kaitorete-home-to-rare-moth/. dead.
  7. 457.
  8. Web site: Kupea electilis Philpott, 1930. Patrick. Brian H.. www.landcareresearch.co.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. en. 22 January 2018. 23 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180123075535/https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/animals/large-moths/image-gallery/pyraloid-moths/threatened-species-factsheets/kupea-electilis. dead.
  9. Web site: Christchurch District Plan. Site of Ecological Significance : Kaitorete Spit. Hogan. Debbie. Hooson. Scott. 6 June 2017. www.districtplan.ccc.govt.nz. 5 May 2018.
  10. Hoare. R.J.B.. Dugdale. J.S.. Edwards. E.D.. Gibbs. G.W.. Patrick. B.H.. Hitchmough. R.A.. Rolfe. J.R.. 2017. Conservation status of New Zealand butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), 2015. New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 20. 6.
  11. Book: Duthie, Catherine. Risk Analysis: Euphorbia paralias – sea spurge. 2012. www.mpi.govt.nz. 978-0-478-40435-7. 5 May 2018.