pronounced as /notice/
| Kumzari | |
| Ethnicity: | Kumzar, Shihuh[1] |
| States: | Oman, United Arab Emirates |
| Region: | Kumzar, Hajar Mountains |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Ref: | e26 |
| Familycolor: | Indo-European |
| Fam2: | Indo-Iranian |
| Fam3: | Iranian |
| Fam4: | Western Iranian |
| Fam5: | Southwestern |
| Iso3: | zum |
| Glotto: | kumz1235 |
| Glottorefname: | Kumzari |
Kumzari (Persian: کومزاری, Arabic: اللغة كمزارية) is a Southwestern Iranian language that is similar to the Persian, Achomi and Luri languages.[2] Although vulnerable, it survives today with between 4,000 and 5,000 speakers.[3] It is spoken by Kumzaris on the Kumzar coast of Musandam Peninsula (northern Oman) as well as the Shihuh in the United Arab Emirates.[4] Kumzari speakers can also be found in the towns of Dibba and Khasab as well as various villages, and on Larak Island.
Kumzari is the only Iranian language spoken exclusively in the Arabian Peninsula.
The Kumzari name derives from the historically rich mountainous village of Kumzar. The language has two main groups of speakers, one on each side of the Strait of Hormuz: the Shihuh tribe of the Musandam Peninsula and the Laraki community of Larak Island in Iran. On the Musandam Peninsula, the Kumzar population is concentrated in Oman, in the village of Kumzar and in a quarter of Khasab known as the Harat al-Kumzari. In addition, Kumzari is found at Dibba and the coastal villages of Elphinstone and the Malcolm Inlets. It is the mother tongue of fishermen who are descendants of the Yemeni conqueror of Oman, Malek bin Faham (Arabic: مالك بن فهم). Based on linguistic evidence, Kumzari was present in the Arabia region before the Muslim conquest of the region in the 7th Century A.D.[5]
Kumzari has consonants, and all but three (pronounced as /ʔ, ʁ, ɦ/) also exist as geminates[6]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||
| pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||
| pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||||||
| Nasal | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||||
Kumzari has a length distinction in its vowels, with five long vowels and three short vowels. Vowels never occur in direct hiatus; rather, they are separated by either a semivowel such as pronounced as //j// or /w/, or a glottal stop (pronounced as //ʔ//).
| Long high | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short near-close | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||
| Long mid | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | ||
| Short near-open | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| Long low | pronounced as /ink/ |