2015 Kumanovo clashes explained

Conflict:	2015 Kumanovo clashes
Date:	9–10 May 2015 (2 days)
Place:	Kumanovo, Macedonia
Map Type:	North Macedonia
Map Relief:	yes
Coordinates:	42.1358°N 21.7181°W
Result:	Macedonian government victory Armed group neutralised Suppression of the armed group by the Macedonian police and armed forces^[1] ^[2]
Combatant2:	NLA veterans^[3] ^[4]
Commander1:	Gjorge Ivanov Nikola Gruevski Gordana Jankuloska
Commander2:	Mirsad Ndrecaj^[5] Muhamed Krasniqi^[6] ^[7] Sami Ukshini Beg Rizaj Demë Shehu
Units1:	Special Police Unit "Tigar" Rapid Deployment Unit Special Support Unit
Units2:	Unknown
Strength1:	Unknown
Strength2:	50-70 militants^[8]
Casualties1:	8 killed 37 wounded^[9] 2 captured
Casualties2:	10 killed^[10] ^[11] ^[12] 30 arrested^[13]
Casualties3:	20 civilians injured^[14]

The 2015 Kumanovo clashes, also known as Operation Divo naselje (Macedonian: Операција „Диво насеље“),^[15] were series of shootouts which erupted during a raid between the Macedonian police and an armed group identifying itself as the National Liberation Army (NLA). They began on 9 May 2015 in the northern Macedonian town of Kumanovo.^[16] During the shootings, eight Macedonian policemen and 14 of the militants were killed, while 37 officers were wounded and hospitalized.^[17] The shooting ended on 10 May 2015, in an operation by the Macedonian police and armed forces, in which 30 militants were arrested and charged with terrorism-related charges by the Macedonian authorities.^[18]

Prelude

The event took place during a deep political crisis in the Republic of Macedonia, dating back to the 2014 general elections. The main opposition party, the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (SDSM), has been making allegations on electoral fraud, denounced the conservative VMRO-DPMNE's party victory and has boycotted the Assembly since.^[19] Since early 2015, the Social Democratic leader, Zoran Zaev, came into possession of mass illegal wire-tap recordings allegedly orchestrated by Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski.^[20] Zaev started releasing the so-called information "bombs," a series of wire-tapped conversations between the conservative government officials, most of them including Macedonia's Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski.^[20] In doing so, he has made allegations that Gruevski has ordered the wire-tapping of some 20,000 Macedonian citizens and having control over the court system in Macedonia.^[21]

In October 2014, the building of the Macedonian government was attacked by two projectiles likely to have been fired from an RPG launcher.^[22] Around one week after the attack, a letter arrived at the Macedonian Albanian-language television station Alsat-M signed by a group claiming ties with the dissolved NLA taking responsibility for the attack.^[23] The NLA was also the main player in the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia. The document said that the Macedonian government is running a pro-Russian ideology, and that the NLA demands Macedonia join the European Union and NATO by all means.^[24] On 21 April 2015, a police watchtower at the border between Macedonia and Kosovo, in the mountain village of Gošince, was attacked by about 40 armed men wearing uniforms who apparently entered from Kosovo.^[25]

On 3 May 2015, the headquarters of the largest ethnic Albanian party in the Republic of Macedonia, the Democratic Union for Integration (DUI), was attacked with a hand grenade.^[26] There were no casualties, and no suspects.^[27] It was suspected that the attack was due to rising criticism of the DUI party among ethnic Albanians due to alleged close ties with the governing conservative party.^[28]

The opposition accused the government of allegedly trying to cover-up the death of a man in 2011 and a journalist in 2013, which was followed-up by violent protests in 2015.^[29] Officials said that 38 policemen were injured.^[30]

Event

Macedonian media released claims of inhabitants of Zajaz in Kumanovo that they saw around 50 armed men in the early morning.^[31] A large community of ethnic Albanians live in the region.^[31] The government issued a statement that the armed group numbered 50–70,^[31] and the armed men hid in private homes in the Kumanovo neighborhood of Divo Naselje.^[31] The armed group used automatic rifles, sniper rifles, and grenades against the police, and were said by officials to be well-trained.^[32] The Macedonian police suffered 3 dead and 12 were wounded in the morning,^[31] while unofficial sources claim over 20 wounded policemen.^{[32] [33]} The inhabitants in the area were evacuated by Macedonian police during the day.^[32] Serbian media reported that a large number of Albanians from Kumanovo crossed the border into Serbia.^[34] During the clashes, the OSCE Mission to Skopje representatives were in contact with members of the armed group and representatives from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. On 14 May, US Ambassador to the OSCE, Daniel Baer thanked the OSCE Mission to Skopje for its "constructive role in facilitating a ceasefire".^[35]

Around 18:00 CET, the Macedonian media reported that the fighting had stopped, with 27 of the militants having surrendered.^[34] However, after most of them surrendered in the evening,^{[36] [37]} there was still sporadic shooting.^[38] Macedonian investigators identified the militants as Macedonian and Kosovan nationals, and that they had the intention to attack government institutions and buildings.^[39] According to Albanian media NLA claims responsibility.^[40] By 10 May, the Macedonian police confirmed that the armed group had been neutralised.^[2] Eight policemen were killed..

Aftermath

After the attack, Macedonian prosecutors charged 30 militants with terrorism.^[41] Authorities said that 18 of the suspects were ethnic Albanian illegal immigrants from Kosovo.^[41] The Macedonian Ministry of Internal Affairs stated that eight police officers and 10 gunmen were killed in the operation, while 37 officers were wounded.^{[42] [43] [44]} On 10 May 2015, the Macedonian President Gjorge Ivanov called an emergency meeting of the country's National Security Council where the leadership of the Macedonian army, police, and political leaders from governing and opposition parties met in the presidential palace to discuss the events.^[45] After the meeting, Ivanov stated that "police have prevented coordinated terrorist attacks at different locations in the country that would cause serious destabilization, chaos and fear," adding that the authorities were aware of the armed group's activities since "early 2015."^[46] The Macedonian government declared two national days of mourning after the attacks for the police officers that lost their lives during the attack.^[47]

According to Sitel based on an Albanian news report, on the 8th of May the Minister of Justice Krenar Lloga announced to Radio Free Europe that the documentation for the transfer of prisoners to Kosovo was being completed,^[48] but this was disputed by other news reports.^{[49] [50]}

Official statements

In his speech, the Macedonian Prime Minister Gruevski, praised the police operation calling it a "highly professional, heroic and patriotic action,"^[51] adding that the "group planned to attack sports events, shopping malls, as well as state-run institutions."^[51] He also hailed the eight Macedonian policemen that died during the raid, but also claimed that "their courage may have prevented the killing of some other 8,000 people."^{[51] [52]} Gruevski, during his televised address, said "this is not a Macedonian-Albanian conflict, but a conflict between people who mean no good to the state and people who uphold the state."^[53]

President Ivanov said that the Macedonian authorities were aware of the presence of the terrorist group within the country since the beginning of 2015.^[46] During his speech at the National Security Council he added that he had informed representatives from the European Union and NATO about the existence of the militant group, without "much results" from the organisations.^[54] He also stated that "at the meeting of the National Security Council, which was attended by representatives of the opposition, the attack on the security of the country, whose aim was to destabilise Macedonia, was condemned in the strongest terms," pointing out that "it is high time that those conversations intensified" on the matter of Macedonia joining the European Union and NATO.^[54]

Allegations

The clashes occurred shortly after the release of audio surveillance revealing corruption on a massive scale committed by the leading party in government. Many opposition leaders and political experts claim the shootout was politically set-up in order to divert the public's attention away from the scandals revolving around the corruption allegations. They also claim there is evidence that the group was paid 2 million euros in order to carry out the clashes.^[55] Due to how sensitive and controversial this event was, Prime Minister Zoran Zaev declared there will be an international probe.^[56]

International reactions

• Albania - Albanian Foreign Minister Ditmir Bushati called for an international investigation into the shooting. He stated that the Ohrid Agreement and its implementation represent "the basis for the democratic stability and Euro-Atlantic future of Macedonia" and that "democratic rights in Macedonia should be respected."^[57] Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama also reacted to what had happened in Kumanovo, and while he was attending a ministerial meeting he stated that his country would veto Macedonia's NATO candidacy if it did not respect the rights of its ethnic Albanian minority.^[58]
• Bulgaria - Bulgarian prime minister Boyko Borisov, on 13 May 2015, told the country's parliament that he has sent Bulgarian Army troops to the border with Macedonia^[59] in order to stop a possible influx of refugees into the country and to prepare to stop potential terrorist attacks.^[59]
• - The EU's commissioner for negotiations on enlargement and neighborhood policy, Johannes Hahn, sent three messages about the attacks in Kumanovo, writing "we call on all concerned parties and stakeholders to cooperate in clarifying what happened, who was in charge and who is responsible for it and to act united on this issue."^[60] He also stated that he urges "the authorities and all political and community leaders to cooperate, to restore calm and fully investigate the events in an objective and transparent manner within the Law."^[61]
• Greece - Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Kotzias met with his Macedonian counterpart Nikola Poposki in Antalya on 13 May, on the side of a NATO Foreign Ministers meeting. He offered Greece's condolences to the families of the victims.^[62]
• - The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo released a statement condemning the violence and called for respect for the Ohrid Agreement of 2001.^[63] In a meeting with the Macedonian ambassador to Kosovo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Petrit Selimi promised that Kosovo would intensify co-operation with Macedonian authorities and agreed to share information on suspected culprits.^[64]
• - NATO Secretary General, Jens Stoltenberg, at a press conference at the NATO headquarters in Brussels stated "Macedonian police was ready to handle the situation, but unfortunately with lost [''sic'']," adding "I urge everyone to exercise restraint and avoid any further escalation, in the interest of the country and the whole region."^{[65] [66]} His official written statement reads that "it is important that all political and community leaders work together to restore calm and conduct a transparent investigation to establish what happened."^[67]
• - A statement from the Russian Foreign Ministry stated that it supported the conservative government of Nikola Gruevski, stating that "the eruption of anti-government activities in Macedonia over the last days is worrying," later pointing that "the choice of many opposition movements and NGOs, inspired by the West, that favour the logic of the street and the known scenario of a 'colored revolution', is full of dangerous consequences."^[47]
• Serbia - The Serbian President Tomislav Nikolić, sent a letter of condolences for the events in Kumanovo to Macedonia's president, saying he is "deeply distressed at the news about the bloodshed in Kumanovo caused by fanatic terrorist actions."^[68] Also, the Serbian prime minister Aleksandar Vučić sent a telegram to Gruevski, stating "on the behalf of the Serbian government and on my personal behalf, I would like to extend sincere condolences to you and the families of the victims."^[68] The chief of the Serbian Military Intelligence Agency claimed that he warned Macedonian colleagues about sudden attacks, but Macedonian intelligence officers believed that the statements were over exaggerated.^[69]
• Turkey - The Ministry of Foreign Affairs released hopes that the political tensions which have been ongoing in the Republic of Macedonia for a certain period of time would be resolved through democratic means within the principle of rule of law, and dialogue, and the domestic peace and inter-ethnic balance achieved through the Ohrid Framework Agreement in 2001 will not be damaged.^[70]

See also

• Operation Mountain Storm
• Gošince attack
• Timeline of Kumanovo
• 2015 Macedonian protests

Notes and References

1. Web site: Котески: Заврши акцијата во Куманово, терористите елиминирани и неутрализирани . Vest . 10 May 2015 . 10 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150514070228/http://www.vest.mk/default.asp?ItemID=F9AB7002241FE4408E2A0FB59DF4FD6C . 14 May 2015 . dead .
2. Web site: МВР:Акцијата во Куманово заврши, разбиена најсилна терористичка група на Балканот . PlusInfo . 10 May 2015 . 10 May 2015.
3. Web site: Ликвидирана терористичката група . . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
4. Web site: Листа на уапсените терористи . Republika . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
5. Web site: Mirsad Ndrecaj i Beg Rizaj megju ubienite . . 12 May 2015 . 13 May 2015.
6. Web site: Ликвидирана терористичката група . . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
7. Web site: Листа на уапсените терористи . Republika . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
8. Web site: Терористичката група целосно разбиена . . 11 May 2015 . 13 May 2015 . Samardjiski, Aleksandar . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150514171748/http://www.novamakedonija.com.mk/NewsDetal.asp?vest=51115957106&id=9&prilog=0&setIzdanie=23464 . 14 May 2015 .
9. Web site: Macedonia policemen killed in battle with armed group . . . 9 May 2015 . 10 May 2015.
10. Web site: Macedonia Cuts Number of 'Armed Group' Members Killed in Kumanovo. novinite.com.
11. Web site: Prokuroria konfirmon se në Kumanovë janë 10, jo 14 të vrarë. RTKlive.com.
12. Web site: Zeka: Lista me të vrarët në Kumanovë është e pakonfirmuar. RTKlive.com.
13. News: Macedonia charges 30 with terrorism after Kumanovo clashes. BBC News. 11 May 2015.
14. Večernje novosti (9 May 2015).
15. Web site: Три години од нападот во "Диво насеље" . kurir.mk . 9 May 2018 . 9 May 2018 . Kurir.mk.
16. Web site: Gun battles in former ethnic flashpoint in Macedonia kill 5 police officers . . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015 . Vladimir Gjuzelov . Ben Brumfield.
17. Web site: NATO, EU urge 'restraint' as Macedonia clashes leave 22 dead . . . 10 May 2015 . 12 May 2015 . Atanasovski, Robert.
18. Web site: Macedonia charges 30 alleged ethnic Albanian militants over weekend battle that killed 22 . . . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
19. Web site: Opposition boycotts new Macedonian parliament . . 10 May 2014 . 10 May 2015 . Casule, Kole . 27 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181127004403/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-macedonia-parliament-idUKKBN0DQ0CX20140510 . dead .
20. Web site: Fears for Macedonia's fragile democracy amid 'coup' and wiretap claims . . 27 February 2015 . 10 May 2015 . MacDowall, Andrew.
21. Web site: Macedonians divided over massive wiretapping scandal; government suspects coup plot . . . 23 March 2015 . 10 May 2015.
22. Web site: Reports: RPGs used in attack on government HQ . . Tamjug . 31 October 2014 . 10 May 2015.
23. Web site: 'Liberation Army' Claims it Shelled Macedonian Govt . . BIRN . 7 November 2014 . 10 May 2015 . Sinisa Jakov Marusic.
24. Web site: НОА ја презеде одговорноста за нападот на владата . . 7 November 2014 . 10 May 2015 . Macedonian . https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101519/http://www.utrinski.mk/?ItemID=0106A9521875D1469C1D88C340235CFA . 18 May 2015 . dead .
25. News: Macedonian police say border watchtower attacked . https://web.archive.org/web/20150518114241/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/macedonian-police-say-border-watchtower-attacked/2015/04/21/35023b4c-e82c-11e4-8581-633c536add4b_story.html . dead . 18 May 2015 . . . 21 April 2015 . 10 May 2015 . Konstantin Testorides.
26. Web site: Бомба во седиштето на ДУИ во Мала Речица . Mkd News . 3 May 2015 . 10 May 2015. Macedonian.
27. Web site: Нема повредени, ниту позначителна материјална штета во експлозијата пред седиштето на ДУИ . . 4 May 2015 . 10 May 2015 . Macedonian.
28. Web site: Explosion Rocks Office of Macedonia's Largest Albanian Party . . 4 May 2015 . 10 May 2015.
29. Web site: Macedonia: Opposition leader accuses premier of attempting to cover up police killing . . . 5 May 2015 . 10 May 2015.
30. Web site: Macedonia violence after Zaev claims 'cover-up' . . . 5 May 2015 . 10 May 2015.
31. News: Okršaj u MKD, ubijena tri policajca. B92 . 9 May 2015 . 9 May 2015 .
32. News: Haos u Kumanovu: Pucnji, gore kuće. B92 . 9 May 2015 . 9 May 2015.
33. Web site: Macedonia police fight an 'armed terrorist group' . . . 9 May 2015 . 9 May 2015.
34. News: Serbia sends more police to border with Macedonia. B92 . 9 May 2015 . 9 May 2015.
35. Web site: GPA Publications -.
36. Web site: Алфа ексклузивно - дел од терористичката група и се предаде на полицијата . Alfa TV . 9 May 2015 . 9 May 2015 . Macedonian . https://web.archive.org/web/20150512023748/http://www.alfa.mk/News.aspx?id=93446#.VU5gPY6qqko . 12 May 2015 . dead .
37. http://www.dtt-net.com/en/index.php?page=view-article&article=8393 Gunfire in Macedonia ends as armed men surrender
38. Web site: Поголем дел од терористите се предадоа, се уште има спорадични престрелки . Alfa TV . 9 May 2015 . 9 May 2015 . Macedonian . https://web.archive.org/web/20150511221202/http://www.alfa.mk/News.aspx?ID=93449#.VU5ixo6qqko . 11 May 2015 . dead .
39. Web site: Mинистерството за внатрешни работи не открива дали има жртви во вооружената престрелка во кумановската населба, Диво населје, помеѓу припадниците на МВР и групата терористи. . Alfa TV . 9 May 2015 . 9 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150510113937/http://www.alfa.mk/News.aspx?id=93439#.VU5iw46qqko . 10 May 2015 . dead .
40. News: Gunfire, explosions rock Kumanovo, NLA claims responsibility for the attack . Albeu . 9 May 2015 . 9 May 2015 . 21 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190321221455/http://english.albeu.com/news/news/gunfire-explosions-rock-kumanovo-nla-claims-responsibility-for-the-a/198356/ . dead .
41. Web site: Macedonia charges 30 suspects with terrorism after deadly clashes in Kumanovo . . . 12 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
42. Web site: Elezi . Nazmi . 2015-05-17 . Prokuroria: Në Kumanovë 10 të vrarë nga grupi i armatosur, e jo 14 - Telegrafi . 2024-04-05 . en-US.
43. Web site: Macedonia says 10 militants killed, not 14, in weekend gunbattle . 2024-04-05.
44. Web site: Macedonia blames Kosovans for deadly Kumanovo clashes . . . 10 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
45. Web site: Macedonian Security Council to Hold Session on Kumanovo Developments . Independent.mk . 10 May 2015 . 12 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054359/http://www.independent.mk/articles/17319/Macedonian+Security+Council+to+Hold+Session+on+Kumanovo+Developments . 4 March 2016 . dead .
46. Web site: Macedonia killings exacerbate political crisis . . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015 . Georgievski, Boris.
47. Web site: Macedonia Declares Mourning For Police Killed in Gunbattles . . 10 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
48. Web site: Осудениците од "Диво Насеље" ќе бидат префрлени во Косово . Sitel Televizija . 8 May 2023 . 8 May 2023 .
49. Web site: Косово треба да ги признае пресудите за „Диво Насеље“, па да размислува за префрлање на затворениците, посочува Лога . Makfax . 27 August 2023 . 8 May 2023.
50. Web site: Аврамовска Мадиќ: Досега нема предмет за екстрадиција на осудените за „Диво насеље“ . MIA . 27 August 2023 . 11 May 2023.
51. Web site: Macedonian police wipe out Albanian 'terrorists' . . 10 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
52. Web site: Gruevski: The eight heroes who died perhaps saved 8,000 people from terrorists . Kurir . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
53. Web site: Gun battle in ethnic Albanian region deepens Macedonian crisis . . 10 May 2015 . 12 May 2015 . Robinson, Matt.
54. Web site: Ivanov: "Lack of EU and NATO integration to blame for conflict" . . . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
55. Web site: Suspicion Shadows 'Albanian Terror' Trial In Macedonia – Analysis . . 22 September 2016.
56. Web site: Macedonian PM announces international probe on Kumanovo shooting . 2018-02-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181121104445/https://www.gazetaexpress.com/en/news/macedonian-pm-announces-international-probe-on-kumanovo-shooting-173366/ . 2018-11-21 . dead .
57. News: Tirana seeks international probe into Kumanovo events. 16 May 2015. B92. 15 May 2015.
58. Web site: Albania threatens to veto Macedonia's NATO bid. 2016-10-03. 2020-07-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20200708214122/https://www.yahoo.com/news/albania-threatens-veto-macedonias-nato-bid-185836194.html?ref=gs. dead.
59. Web site: Bulgaria sends army to Macedonia border . . 13 May 2015 . 15 May 2015 . Zhelev, Veselin.
60. Web site: Hahn sent three messages associated with the terrorist attack in Kumanovo . Kurir . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
61. Web site: Statement by Commissioner Hahn on the situation in Kumanovo, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia . European Union (Commission Press Release) . 10 May 2015 . 12 May 2015 . Jahannes Hahn.
62. News: Foreign Minister Kotzias meets with FYROM Foreign Minister Nikola Poposki (Antalya, 13 May 2015). 16 May 2015. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece). 13 May 2015.
63. News: MFA appeals for restraint in Macedonia. 16 May 2015. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kosovo). 9 May 2015.
64. News: Kosovo and Macedonia intensify exchange of information. 16 May 2015. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kosovo). 14 May 2015. 21 May 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150521043429/http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,2631#.VVdLmpPuNzU. dead.
65. Web site: Stoltenberg: Macedonian police proved that can handle the situation . Kurir . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025341/http://kurir.mk/en/?p=45314 . dead .
66. Web site: Nato head Stoltenberg urges 'restraint' in Macedonia crisis . TangriNews . 11 May 2015 . 12 May 2015.
67. Web site: Statement by the NATO Secretary General on the situation in Kumanovo, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia . . 10 May 2015 . 12 May 2015 . Jens Stoltenberg.
68. Web site: Nikolic Sends Telegram Of Condolences To Ivanov . InSerbia . . 10 May 2015 . 12 May 2015 . 29 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150529201244/http://inserbia.info/today/2015/05/nikolic-sends-telegram-of-condolences-to-ivanov/ . dead .
69. News: VBA upozoravala na moguće napade u Makedoniji. 23 August 2015. RTS. RTS. Serbian.
70. Web site: 11 May 2015, Press Release Regarding the Last Developments in Kumanovo/Macedonia. mfa.gov.tr. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey). 11 May 2015.