Kubitzki system explained

The Kubitzki system is a system of plant taxonomy devised by Klaus Kubitzki, and is the product of an ongoing survey of vascular plants, entitled The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, and extending to 15 volumes in 2018.^[1] The survey, in the form of an encyclopedia, is important as a comprehensive, multivolume treatment of the vascular plants, with keys to and descriptions of all families and genera, mostly by specialists in those groups. The Kubitzki system served as the basis for classification in Mabberley's Plant-Book, a dictionary of the vascular plants.^[2] Mabberley states, in his Introduction on page xi of the 2008 edition, that the Kubitzki system "has remained the standard to which other literature is compared".

In ordinal and family arrangements, the classification system in the initial angiosperm volumes closely resembles the Dahlgren system in Monocots and the Cronquist system in Dicots, but later volumes have been influenced by recent molecular phylogenetic studies.

The first volume of the series (Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms) covered lycophytes, monilophytes, and gymnosperms, and was published in 1990. By 2010, there were nine published volumes, covering 39 of the 59 orders of flowering plants that are recognized in the APG III system. The order Saxifragales is covered except for the genus Medusandra, which was transferred to it from Malpighiales in 2009.^[3] Volume 10 (2011) covers the family Myrtaceae and the orders Cucurbitales and Sapindales. Volume 11 was published in 2014, and two further volumes in 2015. Volumes 2, and 5–7 address dicotyledons, while volumes 3, 4 and 13 address monocotyledons. Volumes 8–12 and 14 deal with eudicots.

Because it is the result of a work in progress, the Kubitzki system is incomplete for those groups of plants that have not yet been covered, and groups that have been completely covered are not revised in light of subsequent knowledge. Since the first volume was published in 1990, a great deal has been learned about plant taxonomy, mostly by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences. The classification of ferns has been completely overhauled in that time.^[4] ^[5] And some of the gymnosperm families have been revised.^[6] ^[7]

For the flowering plants, the later volumes of the Kubitzki System follows the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group last revised in 2009 (APG III system), except for the recognition of smaller families. (For a complete listing of all volumes, see Klaus Kubitzki)

Classification

Summary

Divisions

Pteridophyta
Pinophyta
- subdivision Coniferophytina
- subdivision Cycadophytina
Magnoliophyta
- class Monocotyledoneae
- class Dicotyledoneae

Pteridophyta

1 division Pteridophyta

1 class Psilotatae

2 class Lycopodiatae

Selaginellaceae

3 class Equisetatae

4 class Filicatae

Cheiropleuriaceae

Dennstaedtiaceae

Dryopteridaceae

Hymenophyllaceae

Hymenophyllopsidaceae

Lomariopsidaceae

Monachosoraceae

Nephrolepidaceae

Ophioglossaceae

Plagiogyriaceae

Thelypteridaceae

Pinophyta

2 division Pinophyta or Gymnospermae
- 1 subdivision Coniferophytina

1 class Ginkgoatae

2 class Pinatae

1 order Pinales

Sciadopityaceae

Phyllocladaceae

2 order Taxales

Cephalotaxaceae

- 2 subdivision Cycadophytina

1 class Cycadatae

2 class Gnetatae

Welwitschiaceae

Magnoliophyta

3 division Magnoliophyta or Angiospermae

subdivision Magnoliophytina

Monocotyledoneae

1 class Monocotyledoneae or Liliopsida [complete] (with Rolf Dahlgren's collaboration)4 Superorders

Acoranae
Alismatanae
Lilianae
Commelinanae

Acoranae

1 superorder Acoranae

Not included in any order

Alismatanae

2 superorder Alismatanae

1 order Arales

2 order Alismatales

Limnocharitaceae

Hydrocharitaceae

Aponogetonaceae

Scheuchzeriaceae

Potamogetonaceae

Zannichelliaceae

Lilianae

3 superorder Lilianae

1 order Liliales

Campynemataceae

Alstroemeriaceae

Liliaceae

Petermanniaceae

2 order Asparagales

Hemerocallidaceae

Tecophilaeaceae

Blandfordiaceae

Xanthorrhoeaceae

Aphyllanthaceae

Anemarrhenaceae

Convallariaceae

3 order Triuridales

4 order Dioscoreales

5 order Pandanales

Acanthochlamydaceae

Pentastemonaceae

Commelinanae

4 superorder Commelinanae

1 order Principes

2 order Dasypogonales

3 order Bromeliales

?Rapateaceae (see also Xyridales)

4 order Commelinales

5 order Xyridales

6 order Zingiberales

?Hanguanaceae (possibly related to Zingiberales or Commelinales)

7 order Typhales

8 order Juncales

9 order Poales

Flagellariaceae

Ecdeiocoleaceae

Centrolepidaceae

incertae sedis in monocots

Dicotyledoneae

2 class Dicotyledoneae or Magnoliopsida [incomplete]

1 subclass Magnoliidae

1 superorder Magnolianae (lower magnoliids)

1 order Magnoliales

Himantandraceae

Austrobaileyaceae

2 order Illiciales

3 order Aristolochiales

Aristolochiaceae

4 order Piperales

2 superorder Ranunculanae (higher magnoliids)

1 order Nelumbonales

2 order Ranunculales

Lardizabalaceae

?Circaeasteraceae

Pteridophyllaceae

3 superorder Nymphaeanae

order Nymphaeales

?Ceratophyllaceae

4 superorder Caryophyllanae

order Caryophyllales (including.:Centrospermae Eichler)

Family with an asterisk: *, included in Expanded Caryophyllales in Volume V.

Family with the sign +, only recognized in Volume V, but not in Volume II.

Drosophyllaceae *

Simmondsiaceae *

Rhabdodendraceae *

Asteropeiaceae *

Ancistrocladaceae *

Dioncophyllaceae *

Frankeniaceae *

clade Centrospermae

Caryophyllaceae

Stegnospermaceae

Achatocarpaceae

Hectorellaceae

Sarcobataceae +

Petiveriaceae +

Agdestidaceae +

5 superorder Hamamelidanae

1 order Trochodendrales

Trochodendraceae

Cercidiphyllaceae

?Myrothamnaceae

2 order Hamamelidales

3 order Fagales

4 order Juglandales

5 order ?Casuarinales

6 superorder Polygonanae

order Polygonales

7 superorder Plumbaginanae

order Plumbaginales

8 superorder Malvanae

Tepuianthaceae

Dipterocarpaceae

Diegodendraceae

Sphaerosepalaceae

Cochlospermaceae

----In volumes 5,6,7,8 no groups above the taxonomic rank of order were recognized.

order Capparales

Setchellanthaceae

Gyrostemonaceae

Pentadiplandraceae

Koeberliniaceae

Cruciferae or Brassicaceae

Not placed in any order, but related to Capparales

order Celastrales

Lepidobotryaceae

order Oxalidales

order Rosales (# revised position, formerly in Urticales in Vol. 2)

Rosaceae (including Guamatela)

Cecropiaceae (including Cannabaceae) #

Hydrostachyaceae

Theophrastaceae

Tetrameristaceae

Lissocarpaceae

Scytopetalaceae

Napoleonaeaceae

Ternstroemiaceae

Callitrichaceae

Carlemanniaceae

Cyclocheilaceae

Lentibulariaceae

Nesogenaceae

Plocospermataceae

Scrophulariaceae

Tetrachondraceae

Trapellaceae

order Asterales

Compositae or Asteraceae

subfamily Barnadesioideae

subfamily Mutisioideae

subfamily Carduoideae

subfamily Cichorioideae

subfamily Asteroideae

Pentaphragmataceae

StylidiaceaeIn volume 9 the supraordinal groups Rosidae and Asteridae were recognized.

Not included in any order

order Proteales

Platanaceae (revised position, formerly in Hamamelidales in Vol. 2)

Nelumbonales (revised position, formerly in Nelumbonales in Vol. 2)

order Gunnerales

Myrothamnaceae (revised position, formerly in Trochodendrales in Vol. 2)

Not included in any order

order Saxifragales

Altingiaceae (newly recognized family, included in Hamamelidaceae in Vol. 2)

Aphanopetalaceae

Cercidiphyllaceae (revised position, formerly in Trochodendrales in Vol. 2)

Daphniphyllaceae

Grossulariaceae

Hamamelidaceae (revised position, formerly in Hamamelidales in Vol. 2)

Peridiscaceae (except Medusandra)

Pterostemonaceae

Tetracarpaeaceae

order Zygophyllales

Not included in any order

order Geraniales

order Crossosomatales (Guamatela placed in Rosaceae in volume 6)

Crossosomataceae

Geissolomataceae

Ixerbaceae

Strasburgeraceae

Not included in any order

order Berberidopsidales

Berberidopsidaceae

In volume 10 are treated the Orders Sapindales and Cucurbitales; and the Myrtaceae Family (belonging to Myrtales).

order Sapindales

Biebersteiniaceae

Tetradiclidaceae

order Cucurbitales

Anisophylleaceae

Corynocarpaceae

See also

Klaus Kubitzki

External links

Fern Classification At: Publications and Data Sets At: Kathleen Pryer's Lab

Notes and References

https://www.springer.com/series/1306 Klaus Kubitzki (general editor). 1990 onward. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany.
Book: Mabberley, David J . Mabberley's Plant-Book . 2008 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-82071-4 . 3 . 8 January 2014.
Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis. 2009. "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life." American Journal of Botany 96(8):1551-1570.
Eric Schuettpelz and Kathleen M. Pryer. 2008. "Fern phylogeny" pages 395-416. In: Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler (editors). Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. Cambridge University Press.
Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, and Paul G. Wolf. 2006. "A classification for extant ferns". Taxon 55(3):705-731.
James E. Eckenwalder. 2009. Conifers of the World. Timber Press: Portland, OR, USA. .
Aljos Farjon. 2008. A Natural History of Conifers. Timber Press: Portland, OR, USA.