| Kubachi | |
| Also Known As: | Kubachin |
| Nativename: | гӀюгъбугъан куб/гъай[1] |
| States: | North Caucasus |
| Region: | Dagestan |
| Speakers: | 7,000 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Familycolor: | Caucasian |
| Fam1: | Northeast Caucasian |
| Fam2: | Dargin |
| Iso3: | ugh |
| Glotto: | kuba1248 |
| Glottorefname: | Kubachi |
| Fam3: | Southern |
| Fam4: | Ashti-Kubachi |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /[ʡūˁʁbugan kub/ʁaj]/ |
| Map: | Dargwa_map_%28Koryakov%29_2021.png |
| Script: | Cyrillic script |
Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia, by Kubachi people.[2] It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa, but it has also historically been portrayed as a separate language. Ethnologue lists it as a separate language.
| Front | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | phar. | plain | phar. | ||
| close | short | [u] у u | [uˤ] уӏ ü | ||
| long | [uː] уу uu | [uːˤ] ууӏ üü | |||
| near-close | short | [ɪ] и i | [ɪˤ] иӏ ï | ||
| long | [ɪː] ии ii | [ɪːˤ] ииӏ ïï | |||
| open-mid | short | [ɛ] е e | [ɛˤ] еӏ ë | ||
| long | [ɛː] ee ee | [ɛːˤ] eeӏ ëë | |||
| open | short | [ɑ] а a | [ɑˤ] аӏ ä | ||
| long | [ɑː] aa aa | [ɑːˤ] aaӏ ää | |||
The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by both sources.
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labialized | plain | labialized | |||||||||
| Nasal | [m] м m | [n] н n | ||||||||||
| Plosive | voiced | [b] б b | [d] д d | [g] г g | [gʷ] гв gw | [ʡ] гӏ ÿ | [ʔ] ъ y | |||||
| aspirated | [pʰ] п p | [tʰ] т t | [kʰ] к k | [kʰʷ] кв kw | [qʰ] къ q | [qʰʷ] къв qw | ||||||
| fortis | [pː] пп pp | [tː] тт tt | [kː] кк kk | [kːʷ] ккв kkw | [qː] ккъ qq | [qːʷ] ккъв qqw | ||||||
| ejective | [pʼ] пӏ pʼ | [tʼ] тӏ tʼ | [kʼ] кӏ kʼ | [kʼʷ] кӏв kʼw | [qʼ] кь qʼ | [qʼʷ] кьв qʼw | ||||||
| Affricate | aspirated | [t͡sʰ] ц c | [t͡ʃʰ] ч ç | [q͡χʰ] хъ qx | [q͡χʰʷ] хъв qxw | |||||||
| fortis | [t͡sː] цц cc | [t͡ʃː] чч çç | ||||||||||
| ejective | [t͡sʼ] цӏ cʼ | [t͡ʃʼ] чӏ çʼ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | voiced | [z] з z | [ʒ] ж ẑ | [ʁ] гъ ĝ | [ʁʷ] гъв ĝw | [ħ] хӏ ħ | [h] гь h | |||||
| plain | [s] с s | [ʃ] ш ş | [x] хь ĵ | [xʷ] хьв ĵw | [χ] х x | [χʷ] хв xw | ||||||
| fortis | [sː] сс ss | [ʃː] шш şş | [xː] ххь ĵĵ | [xːʷ] ххьв ĵĵw | [χː] хх xx | [χːʷ] ххв xxw | ||||||
| Trill | [r] р r | |||||||||||
| Approximant | [w] в v | [l] л l | [j] й j | |||||||||
| А аpronounced as //ɑ// | Б бpronounced as //b// | В вpronounced as //w// | Г гpronounced as //g// | Гъ гъpronounced as //ʁ// | Гь гьpronounced as //ɦ// | Д дpronounced as //d// | Е еpronounced as //e/;/je// | Ё ёpronounced as //jɔ// | Ж жpronounced as //ʒ// |
| З зpronounced as //z// | И иpronounced as //i// | Й йpronounced as //j// | К кpronounced as //k// | Кк ккpronounced as //kː// | Къ къpronounced as //qʰ// | Кь кьpronounced as //qʼ// | Кӏ кӏpronounced as //kʼ// | Л лpronounced as //l// | М мpronounced as //m// |
| Н нpronounced as //n// | О оpronounced as //n// | П пpronounced as //pʰ// | Пп ппpronounced as //pː// | Пӏ пӏpronounced as //pʼ// | Р рpronounced as //r// | С сpronounced as //s// | Сс ссpronounced as //sː// | Т тpronounced as //t// | Тт ттpronounced as //tː// |
| Тӏ тӏpronounced as //tʼ// | У уpronounced as //u// | Ф фpronounced as //f// | Х хpronounced as //χ// | Хх ххpronounced as //χː// | Хъ хъpronounced as //qʰ// | Хь хьpronounced as //x// | Хьхь хьхьpronounced as //xː// | Хӏ хӏpronounced as //ʜ/;/ħ// | Ц цpronounced as //ts// |
| Цц ццpronounced as //tsː// | Цӏ цӏpronounced as //tsʼ// | Ч чpronounced as //tʃ// | Чч ччpronounced as //tʃː// | Чӏ чӏpronounced as //tʃʼ// | Ш шpronounced as //ʃ// | Шш шшpronounced as //ʃː// | Ъ ъpronounced as //ʔ// | Э эpronounced as //e// | Ю юpronounced as //ju// |
| Я яpronounced as //ja/, /jə// |