Kris Sivara Explained

Kris Sivara
Native Name:กฤษณ์ สีวะรา
Native Name Lang:th
Office:Minister of Defence
Term Start:21 April 1976
Term End:28 April 1976
Predecessor:Pramarn Adireksarn
Successor:Tawich Seneewong
Primeminister:Seni Pramoj
Office1:Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces
Term Start1:1 October 1974
Term End1:30 September 1975
Predecessor1:Dawee Chullasapya
Successor1:Sangad Chaloryu
Office2:Commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Army
Term Start2:1 October 1973
Term End2:30 September 1975
Predecessor2:Praphas Charusathien
Successor2:Boonchai Bamroongpong
Birth Date:March 24, 1914
Birth Place:Bangkok, Krung Thep, Siam (now Bangkok, Thailand)
Death Place:Phramongkutklao Hospital, Phaya Thai, Bangkok, Thailand (now Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand)
Spouse:Surai Sivara
Alma Mater:Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy
Allegiance: Thailand
Rank: General
Battles:

Kris Sivara (Thai: กฤษณ์ สีวะรา,, alternatively transcribed as Srivara) (27 March 1914 – 28 April 1976) was a military officer of the Royal Thai Army, a member of the Thai Cabinet, and deputy commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Army during the violent crackdown on democracy protesters on 14 October 1973. He was later promoted to Commander in Chief of the Royal Thai Army from 1973 to 1975.

Career

During the Burma Campaign in World War II, Kris served as a company commander in a Phayap Army battalion under the command of Major Sarit Thanarat.

Kris was appointed Deputy Minister of Education by Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn in his 1969 government. On 23 November 1970, he was switched to Deputy Minister of Defence (Thanom was both premier and minister of defence). The government fell on 17 November 1971 after Thanom led a coup that overthrew his own government and abrogated the 1968 constitution. Thanom appointed Kris Minister of Industry in his subsequent junta.

Kris played a pivotal role in the 14 October democracy movement of 1973. Kris served as Deputy Army Commander in the face of massive public demonstrations against the "three tyrants": Colonel Narong Kittikachorn, Army Commander Field Marshal Praphas Charusathien, and Prime Minister and Supreme Commander Thanom Kittikachorn. On the evening of 14 October, the police and army began shooting at demonstrators, killing at least 70. Narong shot into the crowds from a helicopter. Thanom and Praphas resigned from their political roles, but continued to lead the military. They ordered more troops to confront the remaining demonstrators, but were blocked by Kris. Thanom and Narong then resigned from their military positions. The king then appointed Sanya Dharmasakti as premier. Kris was named defense minister in 1976, but died a week later in April 1976. His death has been called "...sudden and strange..."[1]

Kris's role in the events was countered by Narong in a 2003 book. Narong blamed Kris, among others, for the violence. The book was strongly criticised by former student leaders.[2]

The army's Kris Sivara Camp in Sakon Nakhon Province is named after him.

Honours

Foreign honours

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Chambers. Paul. Under the Boot: Military-Civil Relations in Thailand since the 2014 Coup. City University of Hong Kong. Southeast Asia Research Centre (SEARC) Working Paper Series No. 187. 17 November 2017. 2016-08-15.
  2. Web site: ย้อนรอย 30 ปี 14 ตุลา ...นายเทพมนตรี ลิมปพยอม ผู้แก้ตัวให้ 3 ทรราช. Can ไทเมือง. 2010-08-10. 2017-10-15. Oknation. th.
  3. https://www.istiadat.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/1964.pdf SENARAI PENUH PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT PERSEKUTUAN TAHUN 1964.
  4. Web site: Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan. . https://web.archive.org/web/20170302093834/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/ . 2017-03-02.