Kramatorsk railway station attack explained

Kramatorsk railway station attack
Partof:Eastern Ukraine campaign
Location:Kramatorsk, Ukraine
Date:8 April 2022
Time:ca. 10:30
Timezone:UTC+3
Type:Missile strike
Fatalities:63 (including 9 children)
Injuries:150+
Map Type:Ukraine
Coordinates:48.7261°N 37.5428°W

On 8 April 2022, a Russian[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] missile strike hit the railway station of the Ukrainian city of Kramatorsk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The strike killed 63 civilians (including 9 children) and wounded 150 (including 34 children).[8] Russian authorities denied responsibility and blamed the attack on Ukraine.[9]

Background

See main article: Russian invasion of Ukraine.

During the Russian invasion, which began on 24 February, Russian forces entered Ukraine with the goal of assisting the separatist People's Republics of Donetsk and Luhansk in seizing the portions of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts that were still controlled by the Ukrainian government. The soldiers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine stationed in Sloviansk and Kramatorsk played a key role in resisting the Russian offensive.[10]

On the night of 7 April, pro-Russian Telegram channel ZАПИСКИ VЕТЕРАНА ("Veteran's Notes") warned civilians not to evacuate from Sloviansk and Kramatorsk on railways.[11] [12] At around 10:10 the next morning, shortly before the bombing of the railway station in Kramatorsk, the Russian Ministry of Defence announced that they had hit railway stations in Sloviansk, Pokrovsk, and Barvinkove with "high-precision air-based missiles".[13] [14]

Attack

According to the Ukrainian government, between 1000 and 4000 civilians, mainly women and children, were present at the station awaiting evacuation from the region, which was being subjected to heavy Russian shelling.[15] [16]

At 10:24 and 10:25, media affiliated with the People's Republic of Donetsk published videos showing a pair of missiles being launched from Shakhtarsk, a city under separatist control.[17] At approximately 10:30, two missiles hit near the railway station building in Kramatorsk,[18] and the first reports were published in Ukrainian media at around 10:45.

A World Central Kitchen aid worker who witnessed the attack in Kramatorsk said that he had heard "between five and ten explosions".[15] Reports described the scene as extremely bloody, with several people losing limbs from the explosions. Victims' bodies were strewn around amid abandoned luggage.[10] [19]

The missiles were initially misidentified as Iskander ballistic missiles.[20] Pavlo Kyrylenko, governor of Donetsk oblast, later specified that they had rather been Tochka-U missiles armed with cluster munitions.

The remnants of one of the missiles had the Russian words ЗА ДЕТЕЙ (za detey), meaning "[in revenge] for the children", painted in white on its outside.[21] It also bore serial number Ш91579, which investigators said could potentially help trace it back to its original arsenal.[22] [23]

Responses

Michelle Bachelet, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, said that the attack "is emblematic of the failure to adhere to the principle of distinction, the prohibition of indiscriminate attacks and the principle of precaution enshrined in international humanitarian law".[24]

Dunja Mijatović, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, said that the "strike on a densely populated urban area of Ukraine is yet another demonstration of the blatant disregard for civilian life, which has by now sadly become a steady feature of this military aggression".[25]

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy described Russia as "an evil with no limits".[26]

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, who visited Ukraine on the day of the attack, condemned the attack as "despicable".[27] French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian described the attack as a "crime against humanity", saying that it could not remain unpunished,[28] while British Defence Secretary Ben Wallace condemned it as a war crime.[29]

United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres described the missile strike as "completely unacceptable".[30]

Oleksandr Kamyshin, chairman of Ukrainian Railways, described the event as being a "targeted blow to the passenger infrastructure of the railway and the residents of the city of Kramatorsk".[31] The Security Service of Ukraine opened criminal proceedings under Article 438 of the Criminal Code.[32]

Royal United Services Institute analyst Justin Bronk said that Russia aimed to damage Ukrainian transport infrastructure to make it difficult for Ukrainian forces to move around Donbas. He also suggested that Russia opted for the Tochka-U missile type due to its use by the Ukrainian army, in order to "muddy the waters". The Pentagon highlighted Russian responsibility for the attack, as well as the strategic importance of the railway junction.[33] [34]

Response by Russia and its supporters

Initially, Russian state media and pro-Russian telegram channels[35] claimed successful Russian airstrikes on a military transport target in Kramatorsk. After it became clear that the missiles had killed civilians, however, earlier reports were redacted, the Russian government denied responsibility for the attack, and the Russian Ministry of Defence characterized it as a Ukrainian hoax.[36] [37] The Russian Ministry of Defence claimed that the missiles were launched by Ukrainian forces from the city of Dobropillia, southwest of Kramatorsk.[38] [39]

Russian media also said that the serial number of the missile was in the same range as one used by Ukrainian forces. Serial numbers cannot be used to prove which side fired the missile, however, since all Tochka-U's were manufactured at a single site in Russia and distributed from there across the Soviet Union. As a result, there was, for example, a close serial number match between a Tochka-U used by Russia in Syria and one used by Ukraine in Snizhne.[40] [41] [42] Moreover, both Russia and Ukraine have made extensive use of munitions captured from the other side.[43] [44]

A fake video clip with a mock BBC logo, attributing blame to the Ukrainian forces, circulated through pro-Russian telegram channels since 10 April. The video was also aired on Russian state television. The BBC has not produced any such video.[45] [46]

Assessment of the Russian response

The Russian Ministry of Defense claimed that their forces no longer use Tochka-U missiles. However, Amnesty International, the investigative journalists of the Conflict Intelligence Team, and a number of military experts had already reported the use of Tochkas by Russian forces in multiple parts of Ukraine prior to the strike on Kramatorsk.[47] Moreover, investigators from the open-source Belarusian Hajun project had published videos of several Russian trucks with Tochka missiles heading from Belarus to Ukraine with 'V' markings on 5 March and 30 March 2022.[48] The Institute for the Study of War assessed that the Russian 8th Combined Arms Army, which is active in the Donbas area, is equipped with Tochka-U missiles.[49] Russian news reports and social media footage showed the 47th Missile Brigade, part of Russia's 8th Combined Arms Army, displaying Tochka-U missiles at public events in 2021, including at the Victory Day parade in Krasnodar.[50]

On 14 April, Bellingcat stated that open source evidence remained insufficient to establish the direction from which the missile had been fired.

On 18 April, PolitiFact assessed the possibility of the incident being a false flag, concluding that "there's no credible evidence that Ukraine was behind the April 8 attack at the Kramatorsk train station."[51]

Documentary

In 2023 Ukrainian filmmaker made a documentary, Save The Grasshopper, about the incident.[52] [53]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Ukraine war: Disbelief and horror after Kramatorsk train station attack . Jonathan Beale . 10 April 2022 . 12 April 2022 . BBC . en . 5 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220505071255/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61055105 . live .
  2. Kramatorsk train station massacre sparks international outrage . 10 April 2022 . Le Monde . 12 April 2022 . en . 12 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220412025852/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/10/kramatorsk-train-station-massacre-sparks-international-outrage_5980167_4.html . live .
  3. News: Ukraine evening briefing: Five developments as Russia strikes railway stations and fuel depots . 25 April 2022 . 1 May 2022 . The Telegraph . en . At least 57 people were killed earlier this month in Russian strikes on a train station used for evacuations in the eastern city of Kramatorsk. . 20 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220520173113/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/04/25/ukraine-evening-briefing-five-developments-russia-strikes-railway/ . live .
  4. News: Russia strikes 5 railway stations in central and western Ukraine, head of Ukraine state railways says . 25 April 2022 . 1 May 2022 . CNN . en . Earlier this month, at least 50 people, including five children, were killed after Russian forces carried out a missile strike on a railway station in Kramatorsk, . 1 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220501161110/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-04-25-22/h_b28ef3b73ea35954d62f39779d30db06 . live .
  5. News: Impossible Choices in the Battle for the Donbas . 24 April 2022 . 1 May 2022 . The Atlantic . en . The risks of evacuation, safer though it may be than staying, were underlined by a Russian strike on a train station in Kramatorsk, . 1 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220501064654/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/04/ukraine-battle-for-donbas-damage/629661/ . live .
  6. Web site: RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 8 . 8 April 2022 . 1 May 2022 . Institute for the Study of War . en . A Russian Tochka-U missile struck a civilian evacuation point at the Kramatorsk rail station in eastern Ukraine, killing at least 50 and wounding around a hundred evacuees. . 8 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408220719/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-8 . live .
  7. Web site: Human Rights Watch. Ukraine: New Light on Russia's Rail Station Attack. Despite Denials, Research Confirms Russian Forces Had Weapons, Opportunity. 21 February 2023. 22 February 2023.
  8. "According to the final data of the Security Service of Ukraine, which were provided in response to the request of journalists of the Free Radio, as a result of the attack on the Kramatorsk train station: 63 people were killed, among them 9 children. 150 citizens were injured, among them 34 children" . Євген . Вакуленко . April 8, 2023 . Вільне радіо .
  9. News: Kramatorsk train station massacre sparks international outrage . 10 April 2022 . Le Monde . 1 May 2022 . en . 8 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220508075703/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/10/kramatorsk-train-station-massacre-sparks-international-outrage_5980167_4.html . live .
  10. Web site: 2022-04-08 . 'Evil that has no limits': Zelenskiy condemns Kramatorsk station attack . 2022-04-08 . the Guardian . en . 2022-04-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414055821/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/08/kramatorsk-train-station-ukraine-russia-rockets . live .
  11. News: 2022-04-08 . Russian War Report: Russia makes false claims while blaming Ukraine for Kramatorsk railway station attack . 2022-04-09 . Atlantic Council . en-US . Ebaker . 2022-04-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220410135531/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/russian-war-report-russia-makes-false-claims-while-blaming-ukraine-for-kramatorsk-railway-station-attack/ . live .
  12. Web site: 2022-04-08 . "Точка У" разорвалась на вокзале в Краматорске, 52 человека погибли. Что известно о нападении и ракете . 2022-04-12 . BBC News Русская служба . ru . 2022-04-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408101847/https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-61038473 . live .
  13. News: 2022-04-10 . Kramatorsk train station massacre sparks international outrage . en . Le Monde.fr . 2022-04-12 . 2022-04-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220412025852/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/10/kramatorsk-train-station-massacre-sparks-international-outrage_5980167_4.html . live .
  14. Web site: Вторжение в Украину. 44‑й день войны . 2022-04-09 . Медиазона . ru . 2022-04-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220409092945/https://zona.media/online/2022/04/08/44 . live .
  15. News: 2022-04-08 . Kramatorsk: At least 1,000 at railway station when rockets hit - witness . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-04-08 . 2022-04-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408174230/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61036740 . live .
  16. Web site: Ukraine says at least 39 people killed in Russian rocket attack on Kramatorsk train station . 2022-04-08 . CBS News . en-US . 2022-04-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011634/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-kramatorsk-train-station-donetsk-strike/ . live .
  17. News: По вокзалу Краматорска ударили ракетой с надписью «За детей». Погибли 50 человек (в том числе пять детей) Больницы не справляются с количеством раненых, заявил мэр Краматорска . ru . . 2022-04-08 . 2022-04-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408150754/https://meduza.io/feature/2022/04/08/po-vokzalu-kramatorska-udarili-raketoy-s-nadpisyu-za-detey-pogibli-39-chelovek-v-tom-chisle-chetyre-rebenka . live .
  18. News: 2022-04-09 . Kramatorsk station attack: What we know so far . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-04-09 . 2022-04-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408174230/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61036740 . live .
  19. Web site: At Least 39 Dead In Russian Rocket Attack On Ukrainian Rail Station . 2022-04-08 . RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty . en . 2022-04-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220413072538/https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-rockets-kramatorsk-train-station/31792658.html . live .
  20. News: 2022-04-08 . About 30 people killed in Russian strike on a packed train station in eastern Ukraine . en . NPR . 2022-04-08 . 2022-04-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408110913/https://www.npr.org/2022/04/08/1091578830/ukraine-russia-rocket-attack-train-station . live .
  21. Newsweek . Missile That Hit Ukrainian Civilian Station Had 'For Children' On it . 8 April 2022 . Isabel Van Brugen . 10 April 2022 . 9 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220409205425/https://www.newsweek.com/russian-missile-kramatorsk-civilian-train-station-children-painted-1696354 . live .
  22. News: Kramatorsk, di chi era il missile della strage? Le teorie a cui non credere. la Repubblica. it. 10 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220410220339/https://www.repubblica.it/tecnologia/2022/04/10/news/kramatorsk_chi_ha_lanciato_il_missile_fake_news-344969641/. 10 April 2022. live.
  23. Web site: 14 April 2022 . Russia's Kramatorsk 'Facts' Versus the Evidence . 19 April 2022 . Bellingcat . 16 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220416005659/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/04/14/russias-kramatorsk-facts-versus-the-evidence/ . live .
  24. Web site: Bachelet urges respect for international humanitarian law amid growing evidence of war crimes in Ukraine. OHCHR. 2022-08-08. 2022-06-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20220605114340/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/04/bachelet-urges-respect-international-humanitarian-law-amid-growing-evidence. live.
  25. Web site: Kramatorsk: Those responsible for the terrible loss of civilian life must be held accountable. Council of Europe. 2022-08-08. 2022-08-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20220808101238/https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/kramatorsk-those-responsible-for-the-terrible-loss-of-civilian-life-must-be-held-accountable. live.
  26. News: . 8 April 2022 . 'Russia, an evil with no limits': Zelenskyy on east Ukraine rocket attack . Hindustan Times . 8 April 2022 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414091855/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/russia-an-evil-with-no-limits-zelenskyy-on-east-ukraine-rocket-attack-101649415634464.html . live .
  27. News: . 8 April 2022 . 'An abomination': World reacts to deadly Kramatorsk attack . Al Jazeera . 8 April 2022 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414072038/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/8/an-abomination-world-reacts-to-deadly-kramatorsk-attack . live .
  28. Web site: 2022-04-08 . Bombardement de Kramatorsk: Jean-Yves Le Drian dénonce un crime contre l'humanité . 2022-04-12 . Europe 1 . fr . 2022-04-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220411235131/https://www.europe1.fr/politique/bombardement-de-kramatorsk-jean-yves-le-drian-denonce-un-crime-contre-lhumanite-4104593 . live .
  29. Web site: 2022-04-08 . Strike kills 50 at Ukraine rail station crowded with people . 2022-04-08 . AP NEWS . en . 2022-04-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414064627/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-ap-top-news-migration-united-nations-ee2fa37bb0ace7b4714c084998765f65 . live .
  30. Web site: 2022-04-08 . Missile kills at least 52 at crowded Ukrainian train station . 2022-04-09 . AP NEWS . en . 2022-04-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414064627/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-ap-top-news-migration-united-nations-ee2fa37bb0ace7b4714c084998765f65 . live .
  31. Web site: Россия ударила ракетами по железнодорожному вокзалу Краматорска, 39 погибших, из них 4 – дети (обновлено) . 2022-04-08 . 2022-04-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408124749/https://rus.lb.ua/society/2022/04/08/512725_rossiya_udarila_raketami.html . live.
  32. Web site: В результате обстрела Краматорска уже известно о 39 погибших, среди которых 4 детей . 2022-04-08 . 2022-04-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408124754/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertagids&topUrl=24tv.ua . live.
  33. Web site: Pentagon: Russia fired a missile strike at Kramatorsk station . 2022-04-25 . babel.ua . en . 2022-05-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220507020448/https://babel.ua/en/news/77653-pentagon-russia-fired-a-missile-strike-at-kramatorsk-station . live .
  34. Web site: 2022-04-09 . Trending news: Pentagon: Russian troops fired "Point-U" missile at Kramatorsk railway station . 2022-04-25 . Hindustan News Hub . en-US . 2022-06-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220627202616/https://hindustannewshub.com/russia-ukraine-news/pentagon-russian-troops-fired-point-u-missile-at-kramatorsk-railway-station/ . live .
  35. Web site: 2022-04-09 . Russia accused of 'monstrous' war crime in Kramatorsk station attack . 2022-04-11 . the Guardian . en . 2022-04-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414055821/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/08/kramatorsk-train-station-ukraine-russia-rockets . live .
  36. Web site: 2022-04-08 . "Точка У" разорвалась на вокзале в Краматорске, 52 человека погибли. Что известно о нападении и ракете . 2022-04-10 . BBC News Русская служба . ru . 2022-04-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408101847/https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-61038473 . live .
  37. Web site: 8 April 2022 . Pro-Kremlin media U-turns over Kramatorsk station attack in Ukraine . . 8 April 2022 . 6 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220506170521/https://www.newsweek.com/russia-ukraine-kramatorsk-donetsk-telegram-peskov-1696344 . live .
  38. The Hindu . Death toll in Kramatorsk railway station strike rises to 50, including 5 children . 8 April 2022 . April 8, 2022 . 8 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408041942/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/russia-ukraine-crisis-live-updates-civilians-flee-east-ukraine-amid-warnings-of-horrific-abuses/article65302032.ece . live .
  39. Web site: 2022-04-08 . Ce que l'on sait du bombardement russe de la gare de Kramatorsk, dans l'est de l'Ukraine . 2022-04-12 . L'Obs . fr . 2022-04-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220412025852/https://www.nouvelobs.com/guerre-en-ukraine/20220408.OBS56841/ce-que-l-on-sait-du-bombardement-russe-de-la-gare-de-kramatorsk-dans-l-est-de-l-ukraine.html . live .
  40. Web site: Romanyuk . Vika . 2022-04-10 . Fake: Serial Number Confirms Kramatorsk Train Station Hit by Ukrainian Tochka U Missile . 2022-04-19 . StopFake . en-US . 2022-04-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220415234811/https://www.stopfake.org/en/fake-serial-number-confirms-kramatorsk-train-station-hit-by-ukrainian-tochka-u-missile/ . live .
  41. News: Russia's Kramatorsk 'Facts' Versus the Evidence . 19 April 2022 . Bellingcat . 14 April 2022 . At the time of writing, the available open source evidence remains insufficient to reveal all details about the strike, including the direction of origin of the missile. . 16 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220416005659/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/04/14/russias-kramatorsk-facts-versus-the-evidence/ . live .
  42. Web site: Фейк кремлевских СМИ: доказано, что удар по Краматорску нанесен украинской ракетой . 2022-04-19 . The Insider . ru . 2022-04-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220413014657/https://theins.ru/antifake/250205 . live .
  43. Web site: 2022-04-13 . ¿Qué sabemos del misil que ha matado a civiles ucranianos junto a la estación de tren de Kramatorsk (Ucrania)? · Maldita.es - Periodismo para que no te la cuelen . 2022-04-19 . Maldita.es — Periodismo para que no te la cuelen . es . 2022-04-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220413110535/https://maldita.es/malditobulo/20220413/kramatorsk-estacion-tren-misil-ucrania/ . live .
  44. Web site: Удар по Краматорску. Россия обвиняет Украину и грозит делом о фейках за распространение иной версии . 2022-04-19 . Медиазона . ru . 2022-04-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220409143959/https://zona.media/article/2022/04/08/kramatorsk . live .
  45. News: BBC warns of fake video claiming Ukraine carried out Kramatorsk attack . The Guardian . 13 April 2022 . en . 13 April 2022 . 15 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220415005837/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/13/bbc-warns-fake-video-claiming-ukraine-carried-out-kramatorsk-attack . live .
  46. News: La BBC no ha identificado a Ucrania como autor del ataque a la estación de Kramatorsk. RTVE. es. 13 April 2022. 19 April 2022. 19 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220419085420/https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20220413/video-falso-autoria-bombardeo-kramatorsk/2331224.shtml. live.
  47. News: "Точка У", "Калібри" та "Іскандери": якими ракетами Росія обстрілює міста України . uk . BBC News Україна . 2022-04-09 . 2022-04-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220409133436/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-60594123 . live .
  48. Web site: Suspect Claim by Russia on Rockets That Killed Fleeing Civilians . 2022-04-09 . POLYGRAPH.info . en . 2022-04-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220409031739/https://www.polygraph.info/a/fact-check-russia-kramatorsk-missile/31793971.html . live .
  49. Web site: en. Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 8. Mason Clark and Kateryna Stepanenko. 2022-04-08. Institute for the Study of War. 2022-04-09. 2022-04-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20220408220719/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-8. live.
  50. Web site: Russia's Kramatorsk 'Facts' Versus the Evidence . Bellingcat . 14 April 2022 . 2022-04-16 . 2022-04-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220416005659/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/04/14/russias-kramatorsk-facts-versus-the-evidence/ . live .
  51. Web site: Washington . District of Columbia 1800 I. Street NW . Dc 20006 . PolitiFact - No evidence that Ukraine attacked a train station in one of its cities . 2022-04-19 . @politifact . en-US . 2022-04-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220419013628/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2022/apr/18/facebook-posts/no-evidence-ukraine-attacked-train-station-one-its/ . live .
  52. Web site: Баранник . Віталій . 2023-10-26 . Режисер Олександр Кирієнко: «Ми плакали за кадром, коли слухали історії свідків трагедії в Краматорську» . 2024-01-30 . . uk.
  53. Web site: 2023-11-07 . В Україні знімають документальний фільм про дітей, які постраждали через війну . 2024-01-30 . . uk.

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