KrAZ-255 explained

KrAZ-255B
Manufacturer:	KrAZ
Production:	1967–1994^[1]
Predecessor:	KrAZ-214
Successor:	KrAZ-260
Class:	Truck
Engine:	14.9L YaMZ-238 V8 diesel
Transmission:	5-speed YaMZ-236N manual
Aka:	Sungri 256 (North Korea) Sungri 64 (North Korea)^[2]

The KrAZ-255 is a Ukrainian (formerly Soviet) three-axle off-road truck with six-wheel drive (6 × 6), intended for extreme operations. It was manufactured at the KrAZ plant beginning from 1967.

The KrAZ-255 was developed directly from its predecessor, the KrAZ-214 (produced 1956-1967). Despite being very similar at first glance (both using the same cab, flatbed as well as the suspension), there are few major differences. Firstly, the 255 used new and much more powerful engine - the YaMZ-238 (same used in MT-LB tracked APC), replacing the previously used and sensibly weaker YaAZ-206B which was used in 214. The 255 also featured new and more reliable transmission, the YaMZ-236N, instead of the previously used YaAZ-204. It also featured new headlights (which were now, together with turn signals, located in their own housings mounted on the fenders) and, most notably, much wider tires (1300 x 530 x 533 in dimensions), which offered lighter ground pressure and thus, even greater off-road capabilities when compared to its predecessor.

Along with Ural, ZiL, Kamaz, GAZ and MAZ, the KrAZ once represented one of six models of cargo/towing trucks (in its basic version, the KrAZ-255B) used by the Soviet Armed Forces, as well as by many civilian organizations in the former Soviet Union (mainly by various construction plants), where it was also used as a logging (the KrAZ-255L/L1) and dump truck (the KrAZ-256^[3]).

Since the KrAZ-255 was the heaviest (weighing 12 tons empty) and most powerful (using a 14,900 ccm engine, producing 240 hp/180 kw) of all Soviet three-axle (6 × 6) military cargo trucks, it was most often used for towing heavier artillery pieces (such as D-74, M-46 and 2A65 howitzers or T-12 anti-tank gun) and also for towing various aircraft from their hangars to runways, or vice versa (in tractor-unit version, the KrAZ-255V).

Furthermore, it was also used as a platform for control cabin and the antennas of PRV-9/1RL19 Naklon^[4] (NATO reporting name: "Thin-Skin") and PRV-16/1RL132 Nadyozhnost^[5] (NATO reporting name: "Odd-Pair") Soviet height-finding radars, as well as for various engineer duties in specially-designed versions (such as PMP collapsible ferryboat intended to be used as a pontoon bridge and TMM-3^[6] mobile bridgelayer), which are still being used today by various military forces across the globe.

The KrAZ-255 ultimately evolved into a new model as its successor in 1979, the KrAZ-260, whose only difference was a new design of cab and the interiors. Despite that however, the KrAZ-260 did not replace it in production, but was actually produced alongside it up until 1994, when both were finally discontinued in favour to KrAZ-6322 (a modernized model of KrAZ-260).

Technical characteristics

• Engine: 14.86 L diesel 8 cyl.
• Power: 240 PS /2100 rpm
• Torque: 883 Nm /1500 rpm
• Top speed: 71 km/h (44 mph)

Variants

• KrAZ-255B (КрАЗ-255Б)^[7] - 12-ton cargo truck^[8] Mass production started since 8 August 1967^[9]

• KrAZ-255B1 (КрАЗ-255Б1)^[10] - cargo truck, mass production started since 1979^[11]
• KrAZ-255V (КрАЗ-255В) - tractor unit
• KrAZ-255L (КрАЗ-255Л) - 23-ton log truck

• KrAZ-255L1 (КрАЗ-255Л1) - log truck, mass production started since 1980
• KrAZ-256 (КрАЗ-256) - 12-ton dump truck
• ATZ-8,5 (АТЗ-8,5) - fuel tanker on KrAZ-255 chassis
• КS-3572 (КС-3572) - military crane on KrAZ-255 chassis^[12]
• EOV-4421 (ЭОВ-4421) - military excavator on KrAZ-255 chassis
• ТММ-3 (Tyazhyolyy Mekhanizirovannyy Most) - bridgelayer on KrAZ-255 chassis, since 1974
• PMP (Pontonno-Mostovoy Park) - pontoon bridge on KrAZ-255 chassis
• PRV-9 and PRV-16 (Podvizhnyy Radiolokatsionnyy Vysotomer) - height-finding radars on KrAZ-255 chassis.
• 122mm BM-21 Grad on KrAZ-255 chassis - several vehicles were made in Tajikistan^[13]
• Jupiter - 130mm self-propelled gun (a Soviet 130mm field gun M-46 on KrAZ-255B chassis), several vehicles were made in Cuba
• PTH130-K255B - 130mm self-propelled gun (a Soviet 130mm field gun M-46 on KrAZ-255B chassis). One test prototype was made in Vietnam^[14]

Operators

Current operators

• Belarus - Armed Forces of Belarus^[15]
• Bulgaria
• Cuba - Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces^[16]
  • Hungary - Hungarian Armed Forces^[17]
• India
• ^[18]
• Kazakhstan - In April 2016, it was announced that Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan would begin replacing KrAZ-255B trucks with new KamAZ trucks^[19]
• - Lao People's Armed Forces^[20]
• Lebanon
• - Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova^[21]
• 
• Poland
• Romania - 4 were allocated to the Bucharest public transport company in 1978 serving as recovery vehicles for buses, trams and trolleybuses, where they remained in service until 2007, when one was cut and disposed and the other 3 retired
• - Russian Armed Forces^[22]
• Serbia - Serbian Armed Forces^[23]
• - Syrian Armed Forces^[24]
• Tajikistan - Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan
• Ukraine - Ukrainian Armed Forces^{[25] [26]}

Former operators

• ^[27]
  • : Finnish Army

Notes and References

1. "Лаптежник" КрАЗ-255Б: 45 лет на боевом марше // журнал "Грузовое и пассажирское автохозяйство", № 10, 2012. стр.42
2. Web site: SUNGRI 64, later named CHAJU 64 chinesecars . 2023-10-06 . www.chinesecars.net.
3. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Three_KrAZ_256_trucks%2C_Putbus_Station%2C_East_Germany_Jan_1990.jpg Image of KrAZ-256's loaded with sand
4. https://www.armyrecognition.com/images/stories/east_europe/russia/missile_vehicle/prv-9/pictures/PRV-9_Thin_Skin_1RL19_E_Band_heigh_finding_radar_Russia_Russian_army_defense_industry_640_001.jpg Image of a KrAZ-255 with radar
5. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/PRV-16_01.JPG Image of a KrAZ-255 with radar
6. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Finnish_Artillery_Museum_022_-_TMM-3_%2826792353889%29.jpg/1280px-Finnish_Artillery_Museum_022_-_TMM-3_%2826792353889%29.jpg Image of a KrAZ-255 with a pontoon bridge
7. Кременчугский автомобильный завод имени 50-летия Советской Украины // Большая Советская Энциклопедия / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 13. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1973. стр.373
8. Кременчугский автомобильный завод имени 50-летия Советской Украины // Украинская Советская Энциклопедия. том 5. Киев, «Украинская Советская энциклопедия», 1981. стр.399
9. Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии, 1968 (вып. 12). М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1968. стр.51
10. капитан В. Иконников. Автомобиль КрАЗ-255Б1 // "Техника и вооружение", № 4, 1983. стр.11
11. Автомобили КрАЗ // журнал "Автомобильная промышленность", № 8, 1984. стр.30-31
12. Перспективи розвитку озброєння та військової техніки Сухопутних військ: Збірник тез доповідей Міжнародної науково-технічної конференції (Львів, 17-18 травня 2018 року). Львів, НАСВ, 2018. стор.264
13. "удивили реактивные установки залпового огня БМ-21 на шасси знаменитых "лаптежников" - КрАЗ-255. Все привыкли видеть "Грады" на платформах бензиновых и дизельных версий "Уралов" и КамАЗ-5350, о такой версии РСЗО ранее ничего не было известно"
    Алексей Моисеев. Реактивный "лаптежник": КрАЗы с РСЗО "Град" заметили в Таджикистане // "Российская газета" от 25 февраля 2020
14. https://soha.vn/phao-tu-hanh-130mm-made-in-vietnam-buoc-nhay-vot-ve-co-gioi-hoa-hoc-ban-tot-cuba-20211101111937508.htm Pháo tự hành 130mm "Made in Vietnam": Bước nhảy vọt về cơ giới hóa - Học bạn tốt Cuba?
15. https://vayar.mil.by/news/173306/ 115 зрп принимает участие в оперативно-тактическом учении
16. Владислав Морозов. Остров в океане. Бронетанковая техника Революционных Вооружённых сил Республики Куба 1961 - 2016 гг. // «Техника и вооружение», № 4, 2016. стр.14-24
17. https://archivum.mtva.hu/photobank/item/MTI-FOTO-d1g1dW9ORkM4dHR6OFFRUUNrQW9KOU1HVWwvM241TGg1cHFCS1o3MVErdz0 Dunaújváros, 1989. március 9. Kiszolgált, PT-76-os úszóképes könnyű harckocsit hoz egy KRAZ 255-os, háromtengelyes, trélerrel szerelt katonai teherautó a Dunai Vasműbe. A Magyar Néphadsereg fegyverzetcsökkentési programjának megfelelően 35 kiszolgált harcjárművet, illetve katonai szállítójárművet adott el ócskavasáron a honvédség a Dunai Vasműnek. Az obsitos járművek többségét beolvasztják
18. Web site: Mark. Pyruz. 2013-04-20. Iran Military Day 2013 (2). uskowioniran.com. 2023-08-14.
19. "Базовые автомобили КрАЗ-255Б планируется заменить на более современные автомобили КАМАЗ-63502"
    На выставке "KADEX-2016" в Астане представят модернизированную военную технику // газета "Сарбаз" от 28 апреля 2016
20. Artilleristen am Mekong // "Armeerundschau", № 10 1987. s.60-65
21. https://www.calameo.com/books/00066311908dafac65002 "SCUTUL DE FOC" multinațional în poligonul Bulboaca
22. Д. Срибный. Стратегическое командно-штабное учение «Центр-2019» // «Техника и вооружение», № 11, ноябрь 2019. стр.2-9
23. Мира Шведић. Копнена војска Србије. Снага на земљи // "Одбрана" (магазин Министарства одбране и Војске Србије), № 329, новембар 2019. стр.14-25
24. Web site: CIVIL WAR IN SYRIA (14) : SYRIAN ARMY SOFTSKINS..
25. http://www.autoconsulting.com.ua/article.php?sid=33761 Минобороны снимает с консервации древние КрАЗ-255. Фото
26. Алексей Брусилов. Старые КрАЗы, "шишиги" и ЗиЛы составили основу автопарка ВСУ // "Российская газета" от 1 марта 2022
27. Ponton Wasserwärts // "Armeerundschau", № 6, 1979. s.36-41