| Kosaburo Nishime | |
| Native Name Lang: | ja |
| Office: | Minister of Reconstruction |
| Term Start: | 4 October 2021 |
| Term End: | August 10 2022 |
| Primeminister: | Fumio Kishida |
| Predecessor: | Katsuei Hirasawa |
| Successor: | Kenya Akiba |
| Office1: | Member of the House of Representatives |
| Constituency1: | Okinawa 4th (2012–2014; 2017–present) Kyushu PR (2014–2017) |
| Term Start1: | 19 December 2012 |
| Predecessor1: | Chobin Zukeran |
| Constituency2: | Okinawa 4th |
| Term Start2: | 10 November 2003 |
| Term End2: | 21 July 2009 |
| Predecessor2: | Constituency established |
| Successor2: | Chobin Zukeran |
| Office3: | Member of the Okinawa Prefectural Assembly |
| Constituency3: | Naha City |
| Term Start3: | 1988 |
| Term End3: | 2003 |
| Birth Date: | 7 August 1954 |
| Birth Place: | Chinen, Okinawa, Japan |
| Party: | Liberal Democratic |
| Alma Mater: | Sophia University |
is a Japanese politician who served as Minister of Reconstruction from October 2021 to August 2022. A member of the Liberal Democratic Party, he also serves in the House of Representatives representing Okinawa since 2012.
A native of Chinen and graduate of Sophia University, he was elected to the Okinawa Prefectural Assembly for the first time in 1988 and to the Diet for the first time in 2003. His father is Junji Nishime, former governor of Okinawa Prefecture, and his brother is Junshiro Nishime, a former member of the House of Councilors in the Diet.