Kota Rani Explained

Kota Rani
Succession1:Regent of Kashmir
Reign1:1323 − 1338
Reign-Type1:Regency
Regent1:Udayānadeva[1]
Reg-Type1:Monarch
Succession:Maharani of Kashmir
Reign:1338 − 1339[2]
Predecessor:Udayānadeva
Successor:Position abolished
Shah Mir (as Sultan of Kashmir)
House:Lohara dynasty
Father:Rāmachandra
Spouse:Sūhadeva
Rinchan
Udayānadeva
Issue:Haidar Khan
Second son (son of Udayanadeva)
Issue-Type:Children
Death Date:1344
Death Place:Srinagar, Kashmir Sultanate)
Religion:Shaivism

Kota Rani (died 1344) was the last ruler of the Hindu Lohara dynasty in Kashmir. She was also the last female ruler of Kashmir. She was regent for her new husband because of the minority of her son in 1323−1338, and ruled as monarch in 1338−1339. She was deposed by Shah Mir, who became the second Muslim ruler of Kashmir after Rinchan who converted to Islam and ruled as Sultan Sadr-ud-din.

Life

Kota Rani was the daughter of Ramachandra, the commander-in-chief of Suhadeva, the king of Lohara dynasty in Kashmir. Ramachandra had appointed an administrator, Rinchan, a Ladakhi. Rinchan became ambitious. He sent a force in the fort, in the guise of merchants, who took Ramachandra's men by surprise. Ramachandra was killed and his family was taken prisoner.

To earn local support, Rinchan appointed Rawanchandra, the son of Ramachandra, as administrator of Lar and Ladakh, and married his sister Kota Rani.[3] He employed Shah Mir as a trusted courtier, who had entered Kashmir earlier and had been given an appointment in the government.Rinchan converted to Islam and adopted the name of Sultan Sadruddin. He died as a result of an assassination after ruling for three years.

Rule

Kota Rani was first appointed as a regent for Rinchan's young son. Later she was persuaded to marry Udayanadeva by the elders.

Udayanadeva became the ruler of Kashmir, but Kota Rani practically ruled the kingdom. After Udayanadeva died in 1338, Kota Rani became the ruler of Kashmir in her own right.[2]

Kota Rani had two sons. Rinchan's son was under the charge of Shah Mir and Udayanadeva's son was taught by Bhatta Bhikshana. Kota Rani appointed Bhatta Bhikshana as her prime minister.

Shah Mir pretended to be sick, and when Bhatta Bhikshana visited him, Shah Mir jumped out of his bed and killed him.[4] According to the historian Jonaraja, she committed suicide and offered her intestines to him as a wedding gift. According to the Kashmiri historian Jonaraja, Shah Mir killed both of her sons.

Legacy

She was very intelligent and a great thinker. She saved the city of Srinagar from frequent floods by getting a canal constructed, named after her and called "Kute Kol".[5] This canal gets water from Jhelum River at the entry point of city and again merges with Jhelum river beyond the city limits.

In popular culture

See also

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Book: Pillai, P. Govinda . The Bhakti Movement: Renaissance or Revivalism? . 2022-10-04 . Taylor & Francis . 978-1-000-78039-0 . Muslim rule was finally and firmly established in Kashmir by Shah Mir by deposing the last Hindu ruler, Kota Rani (1338-9). She was the widow of the last Hindu King of Kashmir, Udayana Deva (1323-38).. en.
  2. Book: The Exiled Pandits of Kashmir: Will They Ever Return Home?. 207. 978-9811565373. 2020. Koul . Bill K. .
  3. Web site: PSA dossier calls Mehbooba Mufti Kota Rani, Kashmir's Hindu queen who 'poisoned' rivals.
  4. Culture and political history of Kashmir, Prithivi Nath Kaul Bamzai, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1994.
  5. Web site: Queens, poets, academics, mystics: A calendar celebrates 12 inspirational women of Kashmir.
  6. Mihir Balantrapu, Kota, the fortress (Book review of The Last Queen of Kashmir), The Hindu, 5 August 2016.
  7. Web site: Kota Rani: Phantom Films to produce film on last Hindu queen of Kashmir. Details inside. 27 August 2019.
  8. Web site: Madhu Mantena To Make Biopic On Kota Rani, Last Hindu Queen Of Kashmir.