| Kota Kinabalu International Airport | |
| Nativename: | Malay: Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kota Kinabalu |
| Image2-Width: | 260 |
| Iata: | BKI |
| Icao: | WBKK |
| Wmo: | 96471 |
| Type: | Public |
| Owner: | Khazanah Nasional |
| Operator: | Malaysia Airports |
| City-Served: | Greater Kota Kinabalu (also West Coast and Interior divisions of Sabah) |
| Location: | Kepayan and Tanjung Aru, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia |
| Timezone: | MST |
| Elevation-F: | 10 |
| Metric-Elev: | yes |
| Coordinates: | 5.9447°N 116.0586°W |
| Pushpin Label: | BKI/WBKK |
| Pushpin Map: | Malaysia Sabah#Malaysia East#Borneo#Malaysia#Southeast Asia |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Sabah state##Location in East Malaysia##Location in Borneo##Location in Malaysia##Location in Southeast Asia |
| R1-Number: | 02/20 |
| R1-Length-M: | 3,780 |
| R1-Surface: | Asphalt |
| Metric-Rwy: | yes |
| Stat1-Header: | Passengers |
| Stat1-Data: | 7,044,345 (40.3%) |
| Stat2-Header: | Cargo (tonnes) |
| Stat2-Data: | 56,927 (16.3%) |
| Stat3-Header: | Aircraft movements |
| Stat3-Data: | 60,490 (13.8%) |
| Stat-Year: | 2023 |
| Footnotes: | Source: official web site[1] AIP Malaysia[2] |
Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) is an international airport in Kota Kinabalu, the state capital of Sabah, Malaysia. It is located approximately 8km (05miles) southwest of the city centre. In 2019, over 9 million passengers passed through the airport, making it the second busiest airport in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur International Airport in terms of passenger movements & aircraft movements and the third busiest in terms of cargo handled.
Being the main gateway into East Malaysia, the airport serves as the main hub for MASwings, and the secondary hub for Firefly[3] [4] & Malaysia Airlines. The airport is also AirAsia Malaysia second largest hub in Malaysia[5] after KLIA 2. Another Malaysia based low-cost carrier, MYAirline, also announce plans to utilize this airport as its secondary hub.[6] However, the plan did not materialize as the airline faces a financial crisis in October 2023.[7] Other general aviation companies such as Sabah Air Aviation, Sabah Flying Club, Sazma Aviation & Layang Layang Aerospace had set up their main base here.
Batik Air Malaysia (formerly known as Malindo Air), will re-activate Kota Kinabalu International Airport as its secondary hub soon. Currently, the airline only operates chartered flight from Kota Kinabalu and mainly focuses its operation in KLIA & Subang Airport.
The airport began as a military airfield built by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. It was then known as Jesselton Airfield (Kota Kinabalu was known as Jesselton at the time). Towards the end of the war, it suffered severe bombings by Allied Forces.[8] After the war, the Department of Civil Aviation (DCA) of North Borneo (now Sabah) took over the operation and maintenance of the airport.
Regular passenger service commenced in May 1949, with a weekly Malayan Airways flight from Singapore, via Kuching and Labuan; the route was extended to Sandakan in September 1949.[9] By 1950, the airport served as a stopover for a biweekly flights between Hong Kong and Labuan, via Manila and Sandakan operated by Cathay Pacific.[10] [11] The domestic air service was further developed by Sabah Airways Limited (later known as Borneo Airways) in 1953, connecting the town to Sandakan, Kudat, Ranau, Keningau and Tawau.[12]
By 1957, the original grass strip runway was resurfaced with bitumen material and a new terminal was built.[13] In 1959, the runway had been extended to 1,593 metres to enable the operation of Malayan Airways' turboprop Viscount aircraft.
By 1963, the runway was further reinforced and lengthened to 1,921 meters to cater for Malaysian Airways Comet 4 jet operations. Commercial flights and passenger arrivals gradually increased and a larger terminal building was needed. By 1967, Cathay Pacific operated a twice-weekly Convair 880 jet service between the airport and Hong Kong with an intermediate stop in Manila.[14]
In 1969, a British consultancy firm was appointed to formulate a Master Plan for a phased and organised development of KKIA over the next few decades. The master plan was submitted to the government with recommendations to:
In the 1970s and 1980s, a new terminal building was built on the other side of the runway from the original terminal. Almost all commercial flights were shifted to this newer and larger terminal. Subsequently, the original terminal became known as the Airport Lama ("Old Airport"). In 1992, the DCA of Sabah was corporatised and Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad took over the management and operations of the airport. A further expansion project for both terminals began in 2006, and in January 2007 the original terminal was rebranded Terminal 2 whilst the newer terminal became known as Terminal 1.
In mid-2005, the Malaysian federal government approved major renovation and refurbishment works to the main terminal (Terminal 1) as well as a runway expansion project worth RM1.4 billion. The project saw the runway extended from 2988m (9,803feet) to 3780m (12,400feet) and the size of the main terminal increased from 34000m2 to 87000m2. Terminal 1 can accommodate four Boeing 747s, one Airbus A330, seven Boeing 737s, three Fokker 50s and three Dorniers at any given time. It has 12 jetways for passenger use.[15] [16] The air traffic control tower, which had hitherto been attached to Terminal 1, was demolished and replaced by a stand-alone tower. Due to delays in upgrade works and disputes between the Department of Civil Aviation of Malaysia and the contractor responsible for the project, the runway extension and upgrading of the ILS (Instrument Landing System) was delayed to Q1 2014.[17]
As a result of this expansion, the airport is now able to accommodate the world's largest passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380. It has also become the second largest airport in Malaysia, with an annual capacity of 12 million passengers – 9 million for Terminal 1 and 3 million for Terminal 2.[18]
As a major economic and leisure hub in Malaysian Borneo, past operators at the airport include Air Macau, Airphil Express, Australian Airlines, Cathay Dragon, Cathay Pacific, China Northern Airlines, Dragonair, Far Eastern Air Transport, Fly Asian Xpress, HK Express, Korean Air, Lucky Air, Mandarin Airlines, Philippine Airlines, Jetstar Asia Airways, Shenzhen Airlines, SilkAir, Singapore Airlines, South East Asian Airlines, South Phoenix Airways, Thai AirAsia, Thai Airways International, Thai Smile, Tiger Airways, TransAsia Airways, Uni Air, Vladivostok Air and Wings Air.
Terminal 2 was closed on 1 December 2015 and all airlines shifted their operations to Terminal 1.[19] There are plans to use Terminal 2 for cargo operations and general aviation.[20]
In July 2023, Malaysia Airports Sdn Bhd (MASB) has allocated RM8.4mil for a small facelift program. The facelift involves improving the public toilets at the terminal while the rest involves resurfacing the runway and upgrading of the commercial lots as well as the public address (PA) system.[21]
In early October 2023, the Transport Minister of Malaysia, Anthony Loke said that Malaysia Airports Holdings Bhd (MAHB) has long-term plans to expand the existing Kota Kinabalu International Airport to accommodate the expected increase in passengers from 9 million to 15.4 million annually. In a written parliamentary reply to a question submitted by Shafie Apdal, Loke stated that the Transport Ministry will review and consider the acquisition of land adjacent to the existing airport as part of the 12th Malaysia Plan.[22] Currently developers and architecture companies are on the masterplanning phase for this project.[23]
As of Q1 2024, Malaysia Airports has presented an action plan for the expansion of the airport. The timeline will take three years and will be split into 2 phases.[24]
The future expansion includes the extension of the International terminal building area with 1 additional gate, construction of additional aircraft bays, Multi level carpark, rework of landside and airside facilities. As a result, Terminal 1's capacity will be increased from 10 million passengers per annum (mmpa) to 12 mmpa with the capability to handle 33 aircraft at any given time.
In June 2022, Berjaya Land and Sabah's Qhazanah Sabah Bhd signed a memorandum of understanding to explore relocating Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) to Kimanis, about 60 km from the city.[25] [26] By July 2023, Qhazanah Sabah's chairman reported positive feedback from a feasibility study presented to the Sabah Economic Planning Unit and Transport Ministry, though final approval awaited the State Cabinet's decision.
The proposal involved developing 6,070.5 hectares for the new airport, airport city and related infrastructure. However, it faced widespread criticism for its necessity, the proposed site's rural location,[27] the inconvenience to passengers, and the lack of public transportation.[28] Critics also argued the existing airport could be expanded and that relocation would economically disadvantage Kota Kinabalu.[29]
By early 2024, Sabah's Chief Minister Hajiji Noor and Federal Minister of Transport Anthony Loke confirmed there were no plans to relocate, citing the current airport's sufficiency and the high costs of the new site.[30] [31]
Terminal 1 is the newer and the main terminal of KKIA. It can be accessed via Jalan Kepayan, Jalan Lintas and Jalan Putatan located in the suburb or township of Kepayan. The terminal is capable of handling 9 million passengers per annum and is equipped with the following facilities:
The Departure Hall column head design is inspired by the 'Wakid' basket design. A 'Wakid' is, in Sabahan tradition, a symbol of preparing for a meaningful journey. Some ethnic patterns of the Rungus and Bajau ethnic groups are also incorporated into the design of the floor tiles.
The first flight to depart at the new wing was MH2637 to Kuala Lumpur at 06:50 while the last flight at the old wing was at 00:25. Malaysia Airlines is the main operating airline in this terminal.[32]
Generally, flights operating into and out of KKIA Terminal 1 are serviced by narrow-body aircraft. However, during peak travel periods, airlines such as Malaysia Airlines,[33] AirAsia,[34] Batik Air Malaysia[35] and Jin Air[36] will upgrade their equipment to wide-body aircraft such as the Airbus A330-300 and Boeing 777-200LR.
Additionally, KKIA was the first airport in Malaysia to welcome the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, operated by Royal Brunei during several product introductory flights in November 2013.[37] As to date, the largest aircraft to have utilize the terminal are the B777-300ER[38] and Airbus A350 XWB.[39]
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, KKIA experienced issues during peak periods where aircraft parking is limited. A temporary workaround by Malaysian Airports was the introduction of a few new aircraft remote bays situated beside the MASkargo hangar. The remote bay allows either 3 additional narrowbody aircraft or 1 widebody and 1 narrowbody aircraft at any given time. Also introduced was the revision on current turboprop aircraft to narrowbody jet parking to allow more B737/A320 aircraft.[40] The remote bay construction has been completed in August 2022 which mostly use by freighter airlines.
Terminal 2 was the original terminal building of the airport when it was first built. It is accessed via Jalan Mat Salleh in Tanjung Aru and is located on the other side of the runway from Terminal 1. Terminal 2 served charter and low-cost carriers, the main airline utilizing the terminal being AirAsia.
In 2006, Terminal 2 underwent a major renovation and extension to accommodate low-cost carriers, reopening on 1 January 2007 in conjunction with Visit Malaysia Year 2007. The works were completed 27 months ahead of schedule. It had 26 check-in counters for domestic and international flights and 9 parking bays capable for narrow-body aircraft as well as 7 luggage x-ray machines, a VIP room and 13 immigration counters. The terminal had the capacity to handle 3 million passengers annually.
However, with limited expansion space and the congestion at Terminal 2, as well as to consolidate all airlines operations in one terminal, airlines at Terminal 2 was ordered to move to Terminal 1. The decision was opposed by AirAsia, and the airline refused to move despite a government directive to do so, missing the deadline five times as of 1 August 2015.[41] The issue was resolved when AirAsia agreed to move to Terminal 1 on 1 December 2015, and Terminal 2 was closed at midnight that day. The terminal will be converted for cargo, charter, VIP flights and general aviation use.
The Terminal currently serves for cargo operators such as Raya Airways and several General Aviation companies such as Weststar and Layang-Layang. Recently, during a state event with many VIP's in attendance, private jets on charter were moved to Terminal 2 to avoid congestion aircraft parking bays on Terminal 1. This includes a Boeing BBJ2 andBoeing 747-8(BBJ).[42] [43]
| Year | Passengers handled | Passenger % Change | Cargo (tonnes) | Cargo % Change | Aircraft Movements | Aircraft % Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 2,096,241 | 24,270 | 40,608 | ||||
| 1995 | 2,554,181 | 21.8 | 29,537 | 21.7 | 43,882 | 8.0 | |
| 1996 | 2,622,190 | 2.7 | 23,099 | 21.8 | 45,726 | 4.2 | |
| 1997 | 2,732,146 | 4.2 | 37,203 | 61.1 | 49,148 | 7.5 | |
| 1998 | 2,393,431 | 12.9 | 27,942 | 24.9 | 38,716 | 21.2 | |
| 1999 | 2,752,207 | 15.0 | 27,087 | 3.1 | 40,634 | 5.0 | |
| 2000 | 3,092,326 | 12.3 | 27,347 | 1.0 | 41,411 | 2.0 | |
| 2001 | 3,036,196 | 1.8 | 24,887 | 9.0 | 40,157 | 3.0 | |
| 2002 | 3,256,212 | 7.2 | 28,112 | 13.0 | 44,528 | 10.9 | |
| 2003 | 3,302,366 | 1.4 | 25,638 | 8.8 | 44,748 | 0.5 | |
| 2004 | 3,918,201 | 18.6 | 27,191 | 6.1 | 52,352 | 17.0 | |
| 2005 | 3,975,136 | 1.4 | 25,473 | 6.3 | 51,824 | 1.0 | |
| 2006 | 4,015,221 | 1.0 | 28,356 | 11.3 | 52,055 | 0.4 | |
| 2007 | 4,399,939 | 9.6 | 35,638 | 25.7 | 52,047 | 0.01 | |
| 2008 | 4,689,164 | 6.6 | 34,532 | 3.1 | 54,317 | 4.4 | |
| 2009 | 4,868,526 | 3.8 | 25,079 | 27.4 | 53,554 | 1.4 | |
| 2010 | 5,223,454 | 7.3 | 26,733 | 6.6 | 55,241 | 3.2 | |
| 2011 | 5,808,639 | 11.2 | 28,534 | 6.7 | 59,638 | 8.0 | |
| 2012 | 5,848,135 | 0.7 | 23,563 | 17.4 | 58,366 | 2.1 | |
| 2013 | 6,929,692 | 18.5 | 21,922 | 7.0 | 67,601 | 15.8 | |
| 2014 | 6,792,968 | 2.1 | 23,769 | 8.4 | 73,074 | 8.1 | |
| 2015 | 6,573,461 | 3.2 | 24,768 | 4.2 | 71,209 | 2.6 | |
| 2016 | 7,263,339 | 10.5 | 28,764 | 16.1 | 70,138 | 1.5 | |
| 2017 | 8,006,446 | 10.2 | 27,372 | 4.8 | 73,237 | 4.4 | |
| 2018 | 8,622,488 | 7.7 | 28,039 | 2.4 | 79,044 | 7.9 | |
| 2019 | 9,445,494 | 9.5 | 28,664 | 2.2 | 83,580 | 5.7 | |
| 2020 | 2,302,514 | 75.6 | 41,724 | 45.6 | 32,081 | 61.6 | |
| 2021 | 1,123,673 | 51.2 | 63,104 | 51.2 | 23,634 | 26.3 | |
| 2022 | 5,022,516 | 347.0 | 68,000 | 7.8 | 53,148 | 55.5 | |
| 2023 | 7,044,345 | 40.3 | 56,927 | 16.3 | 60,490 | 13.8 | |
| Source: Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad[44] | |||||||
| Rank | Destination | Frequency (Weekly) | |||
| 1 | Kuala Lumpur | 168 | |||
| 2 | Tawau | 57 | |||
| 3 | Sandakan | 35 | |||
| 4 | Kuching | 29 | |||
| 5 | Lahad Datu | 28 | |||
| 6 | Seoul | 25 | |||
| 7 | Labuan | 21 | |||
| 8 |  Guangzhou | 21 | |||
| 9 | Penang | 17 | |||
| 9 | Johor Bahru | 17 | |||
| 10 |  Hong Kong | 15 | |||
| 11 | Shanghai | 14 | |||
| 12 |  Singapore | 13 | |||
| 13 | Miri | 12 | |||
| 14 | Bandar Seri Begawan | 8 | |||
| 15 | Beijing | 7 | |||
| 15 | Hangzhou | 7 | |||
| 15 | Mulu | 7 | |||
| 15 | Shenzhen | 7 | |||
| 15 | Sibu | 7 | |||
| 15 | Taipei | 7 | |||
| 15 | Wuhan | 7 | |||
| 16 | Bintulu | 5 | |||
| 17 | Busan | 4 | |||
| 17 |  Manila | 4 | |||
| 17 |  Jakarta | 4 | |||
| 18 | Fuzhou | 3 | |||
| 18 | Kota Bharu | 3 | |||
| 18 | Limbang | 3 |