Kosača noble family explained

Surname:Kosača
Type:Noble house
Native Name:Косача
Native Name Lang:bs
Other Name:Kosačić
Косачић
Coat Of Arms:
shield, charge bendy Gules and Argent, helmet, torse and red and white mantling; in crest demi Lion rampant Gules charged with four lilies holding in the paws a Banner of arms Gules flowing to the dexter charged with two cross
Country: Kingdom of Bosnia
Estates:
Titles:
  • knyaz
  • vojvoda
  • herceg
  • bey

special titles

Origin:Eastern Bosnia near Rudine Upper Drina
Founder:Vuk Kosača
Final Ruler:Vlatko Hercegović
Founding Year:first half of the 14th century
Dissolution:end of the 16th c.
Cadet Branches:
  • Vuković
  • Hranić
  • Vukčić
  • Hercegović
  • Hersekzade
  • Isabegović
  • Isabegzade

The House of Kosača (Serbian: Косача, Kosače / Косаче), somewhere Kosačić (Serbian: Косачић, Kosačići / Косачићи), was a Bosnian[1] medieval noble family which ruled over parts of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia between the 14th century and the 15th century. The land they controlled was known as Humska zemlja (Hum, for short),[2] [3] [4] roughly corresponding to modern region of Herzegovina, which itself was derived from the title "Herzog", which Stjepan Vukčić Kosača adopted in 1448., with latin title "Dux Sancti Sabbae". Besides Hum, they ruled parts of Dalmatia and Rascia. They were vassals to several states, including the Kingdom of Bosnia and Ottoman Empire. Historians think the Kosača family is part of the Kőszegi family (House of Herceg), but there is a lack of evidence for this claim.

The religious confession of the Kosača family is uncertain. They were in contact with the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Church of Bosnia, the Roman Catholic Church and Islam. During the fall of the Bosnian Kingdom, the "Kosače" split into three branches: Venetian, Dalmatian and Ottoman. From then onward, these branches became accepting of the Roman Catholic faith, in the first two cases, and of Islam in the third.

History

The family name Kosača was probably taken after the village of Kosače near Goražde, in the Upper Drina region of eastern Bosnia, where the Kosača family were originally estate owners.[5] [6]

The founder, Vuk[6] was a prominent military commander under Emperor Dušan the Mighty of Serbia (r. 1331–1359) who took part in the conquests of southern Balkans. He was given lands around Upper Drina, province of Rudine.[7] [8]

Vlatko Vuković, the son of Vuk, brought the family to prominence after taking part in battles against the Ottomans.[6] He commanded the victorious Bosnian army at the Battle of Bileća (1388).[6] At the Battle of Kosovo (1389) Bosnian King Tvrtko I sent him to command with his troops. Bosnian contingent under Vlatko was positioned at the left flank from the Serbian army led by Prince Lazar of Serbia. The battle was at first reported as a victory, also by Vlatko himself, however it has been concluded as inconclusive, with a long-term Ottoman victory.[9]

In 1448, Stjepan Vukčić Kosača styled himself "By the Grace of God Herceg of Hum and Duke of Primorje, Bosnian Grand Duke, Knyaz of Drina and the rest", adding "Herceg of Hum and the Coast" to the style, and in 1450 he styled himself "By the Grace of God Stjepan Herceg of Saint Sava, Lord of Hum and Bosnian Grand Duke, Knyaz of Drina and the rest", adding "Herceg of Saint Sava".[2] This title had considerable public relations value, because Sava's relics were consider miracle-working by people of all Christian faiths. The Kosačas themselves, however, were one of the few non-Orthodox noble families in Hum. His lands were known as Herzog's lands or later Herzegovina.[10]

King Stjepan Tomaš of Bosnia married Katarina Kosača, daughter of Stjepan Vukčić, in a Catholic ceremony in May 1446 ensuring, at least for a short while, he had the support of the most powerful nobleman in the kingdom and a staunch supporter of the Bosnian Church, Stjepan Vukčić.[11]

Members

Religious legacy

Orthodox

The Eastern Orthodox church building attributed as endowment of Stjepan Vukčić is the Church of Saint George in Sopotnica near Goražde, which is believed to be finished during 1452.[12] In the valley of Šćepan Polje, below the Soko fort ruins, also foundation remains of the small church of Saint Stephen have been found but the results of archaeological research have never been published, however, it is believed to be endowment of Sandalj Hranić.[13]

Catholic

Catholics from the region often visit Katarina Kosača's tomb in the Roman church of Santa Maria in Aracoeli.[14] Her tombstone features a life-size portrait and the coat of arms of the Kotromanići and Kosača at each side. The inscription, originally written in Bosnian Cyrillic (Inscription, external link) but in 1590 replaced with a Latin one, which reads:[11]

Islam

"Turbe" mausoleum in Skopje was destroyed in the 1963 Skopje earthquake. The mausoleum in memory of Princess Katherine Kotromanić, referred in Turkish sources as the "Tahiri-hanuma", was built by Isa beg Ishaković, a member of the Kosaca Ottoman branch. It was significant as being an example of very rare occurrence that a mausoleum is dedicated to a female person. After the quake, the mausoleum of the princess was reconstructed in 2014 by the Ministry of Culture of Macedonia with financial contributions from the Ministry of Culture and Sports of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[15] A tradition of the locals has been maintained to this day by the visiting and burning of candles.

References

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Book: Esad Kurtović . Esad Kurtović . Veliki vojvoda bosanski Sandalj Hranić Kosača . 2009 . Institut za istoriju . Sarajevo . 978-9958-649-01-1 . 20 . Book 4 of Historijske monografije . 4 March 2021 . bs .
  2. Book: Vego . Marko . Marko Vego . Postanak srednjovjekovne bosanske države . 1982 . Svjetlost . 48 . 20 March 2021 . sh . Chapter: Humska zemlja.
  3. Book: Ćirković . Sima M. . Sima Ćirković . Herceg Stefan Vukčić-Kosača i njegovo doba . 1964 . Naučno delo . 336–337 . 20 March 2021 . sr.
  4. Book: Anđelić . Pavao . Pavao Anđelić . Studije o teritorijalnopolitičkoj organizaciji srednjovjekovne Bosne . 1982 . "Svjetlost," OOUR Izdavačka djelatnost . 239–240 . 20 March 2021 . sh . Chapter: Humska zemlja.
  5. Book: Šanjek, Franjo . Fenomen "krstjani" u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni i Humu: sbornik radova . 2005 . 978-9958-9642-5-1 . 266. Institut za istoriju u Sarajevu .
  6. Др. Жељко Фајфрић, Београд, 7. децембар 2000, Котроманићи: "Како су Санковићи сишли са политичке сцене тако се почела издизати породица Косача. Њихово исходиште јесте негде око Фоче где се налазило село Косач, по коме су, могуће је, добили име. Родоначелник ове породице јесте Вук Косача, али породица захваљује свој успон његовом сину Влатку Вуковићу. Он је био од самог почетка један од најповерљивијих људи краља Твртка I. Ишао је у многе преговоре као његов представник, победио Турке код Билеће 1388. године, водио босанску војску на Косову 1389. године, и још доста тога што га је уздигло у односу на остале. Напад на Санковиће била му је и последња акција будући да је већ следеће године (1392.) умро. Наследио га је Сандаљ Хранић, син његовог брата Храње Вуковића. Осим земаља и утицаја, наследио је Сандаљ од стрица Влатка и титулу војводе. У то прво време Сандаљ Хранић нема одлучујући утицај у Босни, будући да су испред њега Павле Раденовић и Хрвоје Вукчић, али његово је време долазило."
  7. Tomović, p. 2
  8. Arheološko društvo Jugoslavije 1968, p. 96
  9. Fine 1994, p. 409–411
  10. The first written document to mention "Herzegovina" is letter from Duke Isa-bey Ishakovic Hranic dated 01/02/1455 recommending to his subordinates his friend out from Dubrovnik merchant Franko to take him wherever he goes, to Pavlovic country, to Moravica or to HerzegovinaIt is written in "Bosancica"Source: State Archives of Dubrovnik, Historical letter out of Isa bey Ishakovic from 01.02.1455.
  11. Book: Miller, William . Essays on the Latin Orient . CUP Archive . 508–509 . 1921 . William Miller (historian) . 2011-02-26.
  12. Book: Ćirković . Sima M. . Sima Ćirković . Herceg Stefan Vukčić-Kosača i njegovo doba . 1964 . Naučno delo . Beograd . 215 . 3 April 2021 . sr.
  13. Book: Kurtović . Esad . Esad Kurtović . Veliki vojvoda bosanski Sandalj Hranić Kosača . 2009 . Institut za istoriju . Sarajevo . 978-9958-649-01-1 . 333 . 3 April 2021 . bs.
  14. Book: Thynne, Roger . The churches of Rome . K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd. . 1924 . 154 . 2011-02-26.
  15. News: Реконструиран споменикот на културата Турбето на Крал Кзи. 25 December 2014. Министерство за кулура на РМ. Macedonian. 24 January 2016.

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