| Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316 | |
| Occurrence Type: | Accident |
| Summary: | Pilot error due to confusion between metric and imperial measures |
| Site: | Xinzhuang, Minhang District, near Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, Shanghai, China |
| Coordinates: | 31.1°N 121.3711°W |
| Total Fatalities: | 8 |
| Total Injuries: | 42 |
| Ground Fatalities: | 5 |
| Ground Injuries: | 42 |
| Aircraft Type: | McDonnell Douglas MD-11F |
| Operator: | Korean Air Cargo |
| Iata: | KE6316 |
| Icao: | KAL6316 |
| Callsign: | KOREAN AIR 6316 |
| Tail Number: | HL7373 |
| Origin: | Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, Shanghai, China |
| Destination: | Gimpo International Airport, Seoul, South Korea |
| Occupants: | 3 |
| Passengers: | 0 |
| Crew: | 3 |
| Fatalities: | 3 |
| Survivors: | 0 |
Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316 (KE6316/KAL6316) was a scheduled Korean Air Cargo freight flight from Shanghai to Seoul. On 15 April 1999, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11F operating the route, registered as HL7373, crashed in Xinzhuang, Shanghai shortly after taking off from Hongqiao Airport, killing all 3 crew on board, along with 5 on the ground.[1] [2]
Loaded with 86 tons of cargo, the MD-11F operating Flight 6316 took off from Shanghai Hongqiao Airport at around 4:00 pm. The flight crew consisted of Captain Hong Sung-sil (54), First Officer Park Bon-suk (35), and flight engineer Park Byong-ki (48). After taking off, the MD-11F received clearance to climb to 1500m (4,900feet) after the first officer contacted Shanghai Departure.
As the aircraft climbed to 4500feet, the first officer told the captain that the required altitude should be 1500feet, thinking that the aircraft was 3000feet too high. Therefore, the captain pushed the control column abruptly forward, causing the aircraft to descend at over . At 4:04 pm, the aircraft became uncontrollable due to the steep dive and eventually crashed into an industrial zone in Xinzhuang, which is 10km (10miles) southwest of Hongqiao Airport. The aircraft impacted the ground and exploded. Along with the 3 South Korean crew on board, 2 pupils and 3 migrant workers on the ground also perished. The crash was recorded by the nearby Shanghai Earthquake Administration which indicated that the impact forces had generated an equivalent of a 1.6 magnitude earthquake.[3]
The aircraft involved was a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 freighter with the registration HL7373 and serial number 48409, powered by three Pratt & Whitney PW4460 engines. Built-in February 1992, this aircraft was delivered to Korean Air on March 24, 1992, as a passenger aircraft. In 1996, the aircraft was converted to a freighter.[4] [5]
On April 27, 1999, the primary investigation revealed no evidence of an explosion or mechanical failure before the impact. In June 2001, further investigation carried out by CAAC showed that the first officer had confused 1500m (4,900feet), the required altitude, with 1500feet, causing the pilot to make the wrong decision to descend.[6] [7]
In almost all countries, aviation altitudes are measured in feet in compliance with the ICAO convention.[8] Only China, Russia, North Korea, and some nearby countries use metres.[9] [10]