Kumki (elephant) explained

Kumki (Koomkie, Koonki or Kunki; known as Thāppāna in Malayalam) is a term used in India for trained captive Asian elephants used in operations to trap wild elephants, sometimes to rescue or to provide medical treatment to an injured or trapped wild elephant.[1] Kumkis are used for capturing, calming and herding wild elephants or to lead wild elephants away in conflict situations.[2] In such cases the training process aims at preserving some of the wild dominant character in them, so that they can control wild elephants by force if necessary. When wild elephants enter human settlements and kumkis are used to drive them away, sometimes direct physical contact might not be needed since the territorial behaviour is aided by scent and other communication between animals.

Some Koonki are particularly trained to follow the "foot commands" from their mahouts and to move silently during the entire capturing operation.[3]

Etymology

The word is derived from Persian kumak which means "aid" and is in wide usage from Bengal to Tamil Nadu by mahouts.[4] [5]

Phandi commands

Following are the commands that phandis use to drive an elephant.[6]

In popular culture

Some movies related to kumki elephants have been released in the Tamil film industry, such as Kumki (2012).

Notes and References

  1. Book: The standard natural history. Mammals. Volume V.. Kingsley, John Sterling. 1884 . Boston . S.E. Cassino and Company. 219.
  2. Book: Elephant. 143–149 . The Wealth of India. Volume III: D-E. . 1952 . Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. New Delhi. Sastri, B.N. . https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.101559/2015.101559.The-Wealth-Of-India-Col-3-D-To-E#page/n195/mode/2up/.
  3. Book: Practical Elephant Management - A Handbook for Mahouts. Nibha Namboodiri. Elephant Welfare Association. July 1997. Elephant capturing in North-Eastern India by Parbati Baruah. 2009-08-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20090720001902/http://www.elephantcare.org/manwild.htm#CAPTURING. 20 July 2009. dead.
  4. Book: Hobson-Jobson. 251 . 1903 . London . John Murray. Yule, Henry . Burnell, A.C.. Crooke, William.
  5. Book: The Naturalist's Library. Mammalia. Volume XXIV.. 113. Jardine, Sir William. Edinburgh. W.H. Lizars. 1854.
  6. Mitra. Naresh. Ray, Achintyarup. 2009-09-13. Caught in a trap. The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.. Kolkata. 13. 2009-09-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20090604145300/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/archive/skins/pastissues2/navigator.asp?login=default. 4 June 2009. dead.

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