| Chotěbuz | |
| Other Name: | Polish: Kocobędz |
| Settlement Type: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Moravian-Silesian |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Karviná |
| Pushpin Map: | Czech Republic |
| Pushpin Relief: | 1 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in the Czech Republic |
| Coordinates: | 49.7686°N 18.5692°W |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Established Date: | 1229 |
| Area Total Km2: | 10.61 |
| Elevation M: | 330 |
| Population As Of: | 2024-01-01 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 1395 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +1 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +2 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 735 61 |
Chotěbuz (Polish: {{Audio-nohelp|Kocobedz.ogg|Kocobędz, German: Kotzobendz) is a municipality and village in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants. The municipality has a significant Polish minority.
The name of Chotěbuz is derived from an old Slavic personal name Chotěbud in Czech / Kocobąd or Chociebąd in Polish. The name originally meant "Chotěbud's castle".[2]
Chotěbuz is located about 9km (06miles) south of Karviná and 20km (10miles) east of Ostrava. It lies on the border with Poland in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The municipality is located in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills, on the left bank of the Olza River. The highest point is the hill Potůčky at 346m (1,135feet) above sea level.
Chotěbuz is one of the oldest villages in Cieszyn Silesia.[3] There was a Slavic fortified settlement (gord). It was an important centre since the 8th century. At the beginning of the 11th century, people abandoned the gord and founded a new castle and town on a promontory above the Olza, known as Cieszyn. Near the old place a new settlement was established, Podobora.[4]
Chotěbuz was first mentioned in the document of Pope Gregory IX issued in 1229 among villages belonging to Benedictine abbey in Tyniec, as Koczobontz.[2] [5] [6] In 1268 it was bestowed by Władysław Opolski to the newly established Benedictine abbey in Orlová
Politically it belonged then to the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and Castellany of Cieszyn, which was in 1290 formed in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy.
From 1447, Chotěbuz was a part of the Fryštát estate. In 1559, Chotěbuz was acquired by Václav Rucký of Rudz, who had built here a small fortress.[3]
After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. Chotěbuz as a municipality was subscribed to the political and legal district of Cieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of the municipality grew from 975 in 1880 to 1,173 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 95.1% and 97.1%) accompanied by a small German-speaking minority (at most 39 or 3.4% in 1910) and Czech-speaking (at most 17 or 1.5% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 majority were Protestants (52.6%), followed by Roman Catholics (46.8%).[7]
After World War I, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Trans-Olza region it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship.[8] It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war, it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
Until 1974, Chotěbuz was a sovereign municipality. From 1974 to 1997, it was an administrative part of Český Těšín. Since 1998, it has been separate again.[3]
Polish minority makes up 17.0% of the population.[9]
There is a border crossing with Poland Chotěbuz / Boguszowice in the municipality, one of the most frequented in the country and the largest between the Czech Republic and Poland. It is connected with the Polish one by a long bridge built in 1991 running over the Olza River.[10]
The border crossing is located on the D48 motorway that ends here. Other main roads, which passes through the municipal territory, are the I/67 road from Český Těšín to Bohumín and briefly the I/11 road (the section from Ostrava to Český Těšín).
Chotěbuz is located on the railway line heading from Ostrava to Český Těšín and further to Mosty u Jablunkova.[11]
Podobora is today an archaeological site which was partly rebuilt to form an archeopark open to the public.[12]
A keep is the last remnant of an old Gothic fortress which stood here in the 13th and 14th centuries. Window openings in the tower and roof are from the 19th century.[5]
In the vicinity of the keep is the Chotěbuz Castle. It was originally built in the 16th century and completely rebuilt in 1875–1879. It was again renovated in 1947 and has partially lost its historical character. Nowadays the building is empty and dilapidated.[5]