The Knowledge Indexes were designed as an interactive tool for benchmarking a country's position vis-a-vis others in the global knowledge economy. It was created by the World Bank Institute using the Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). The World Bank discontinued the index after 2012 and it was replaced by The Global Knowledge Index (GKI) from Knowledge4All, a joint initiative between the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Knowledge Foundation (MBRF).[1] An EBRD 'Knowledge Economy Index' documented in a 2019 publication uses indicators like institutional & legal frameworks (as a basis for patents etc.), number of technical graduates, research spending number of patents, some measure of collaboration, and amount of venture capital.[2] In total there are 38 contributing indicators described in the ERBD index methodology.
The Knowledge Index (KI) is an economic indicator prepared by the World Bank Institute to measure a country's ability to generate, adopt and diffuse knowledge. Methodologically, the KI is the simple average of the normalized performance scores of a country or region on the key variables in three Knowledge Economy pillars - education and human resources, the innovation system and information and communication technology (ICT).[1]
The Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) takes into account whether the environment is conducive for knowledge to be used effectively for economic development. It is an aggregate index that represents the overall level of development of a country or region towards the Knowledge Economy. The KEI is calculated based on the average of the normalized performance scores of a country or region on all 4 pillars related to the knowledge economy - economic incentive and institutional regime, education and human resources, the innovation system and ICT.[1]
Country | KEI | KI | Economic Incentive Regime | Innovation | Education | ICT | 2015 Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Denmark | 9.58 | 9.55 | 9.66 | 9.57 | 9.80 | 9.28 | 1 |
Sweden | 9.52 | 9.63 | 9.18 | 9.79 | 9.40 | 9.69 | 2 |
Finland | 9.37 | 9.33 | 9.47 | 9.66 | 9.78 | 8.56 | 3 |
Netherlands | 9.32 | 9.36 | 9.18 | 9.48 | 9.26 | 9.36 | 4 |
Norway | 9.27 | 9.27 | 9.25 | 9.06 | 9.60 | 9.16 | 5 |
Canada | 9.21 | 9.14 | 9.42 | 9.43 | 9.26 | 8.74 | 6 |
Switzerland | 9.15 | 9.03 | 9.50 | 9.89 | 7.69 | 9.52 | 7 |
United Kingdom | 9.09 | 9.03 | 9.28 | 9.18 | 8.54 | 9.38 | 8 |
United States | 9.08 | 9.05 | 9.16 | 9.45 | 8.77 | 8.93 | 9 |
Australia | 9.05 | 9.17 | 8.66 | 8.72 | 9.64 | 9.16 | 10 |
Ireland | 8.92 | 8.82 | 9.23 | 9.04 | 9.08 | 8.33 | 11 |
Austria | 8.89 | 8.76 | 9.30 | 8.90 | 8.53 | 8.85 | 12 |
Iceland | 8.88 | 8.87 | 8.92 | 7.98 | 9.44 | 9.18 | 13 |
Germany | 8.87 | 8.83 | 8.99 | 9.00 | 8.46 | 9.04 | 14 |
New Zealand | 8.87 | 9.00 | 8.48 | 8.65 | 9.79 | 8.56 | 15 |
Belgium | 8.73 | 8.70 | 8.82 | 8.96 | 9.14 | 8.02 | 16 |
8.69 | 8.80 | 8.35 | 9.24 | 7.91 | 9.26 | 17 | |
Luxembourg | 8.65 | 8.40 | 9.42 | 8.91 | 6.66 | 9.62 | 18 |
Japan | 8.56 | 8.84 | 7.71 | 9.15 | 8.71 | 8.66 | 19 |
France | 8.47 | 8.69 | 7.82 | 8.61 | 9.08 | 8.38 | 20 |
Estonia | 8.34 | 8.22 | 8.68 | 7.49 | 8.27 | 8.90 | 21 |
Slovenia | 8.25 | 8.29 | 8.11 | 8.31 | 8.24 | 8.33 | 22 |
Spain | 8.24 | 8.13 | 8.58 | 8.14 | 8.21 | 8.04 | 23 |
Singapore | 8.24 | 7.75 | 9.71 | 9.56 | 5.19 | 8.50 | 24 |
Israel | 8.22 | 8.24 | 8.16 | 9.34 | 6.72 | 8.64 | 25 |
8.20 | 7.73 | 9.60 | 8.64 | 5.30 | 9.26 | 26 | |
Italy | 7.86 | 8.19 | 6.84 | 8.04 | 7.86 | 8.68 | 27 |
Hungary | 7.85 | 7.67 | 8.39 | 8.14 | 7.62 | 7.25 | 28 |
Czech Republic | 7.83 | 7.70 | 8.23 | 7.60 | 8.11 | 7.39 | 29 |
Lithuania | 7.68 | 7.60 | 7.94 | 6.59 | 8.36 | 7.84 | 30 |
7.68 | 8.38 | 5.57 | 8.47 | 7.97 | 8.71 | 31 | |
Latvia | 7.64 | 7.51 | 8.04 | 6.40 | 8.41 | 7.73 | 32 |
Cyprus | 7.55 | 7.47 | 7.77 | 7.65 | 6.45 | 8.32 | 33 |
Portugal | 7.52 | 7.22 | 8.44 | 7.43 | 6.83 | 7.39 | 34 |
Greece | 7.38 | 7.48 | 7.08 | 7.63 | 8.20 | 6.62 | 35 |
Poland | 7.38 | 7.37 | 7.39 | 6.92 | 7.94 | 7.25 | 36 |
Slovakia | 7.33 | 7.12 | 7.99 | 6.86 | 6.98 | 7.51 | 37 |
Barbados | 7.25 | 7.78 | 5.66 | 7.51 | 8.40 | 7.44 | 38 |
Croatia | 7.19 | 7.19 | 7.16 | 7.54 | 6.44 | 7.61 | 39 |
Chile | 6.92 | 6.53 | 8.11 | 6.81 | 6.31 | 6.46 | 40 |
Bulgaria | 6.80 | 6.73 | 7.01 | 6.43 | 7.42 | 6.33 | 41 |
United Arab Emirates | 6.66 | 6.57 | 6.95 | 6.74 | 4.78 | 8.18 | 42 |
Romania | 6.37 | 6.20 | 6.87 | 5.66 | 6.30 | 6.63 | 43 |
Uruguay | 6.35 | 6.31 | 6.49 | 5.26 | 7.18 | 6.48 | 44 |
Qatar | 6.15 | 6.20 | 5.99 | 5.77 | 5.29 | 7.56 | 45 |
Dominica | 6.07 | 5.61 | 7.46 | 3.76 | 6.24 | 6.82 | 46 |
Costa Rica | 6.06 | 5.85 | 6.70 | 6.24 | 5.01 | 6.30 | 47 |
Malaysia | 6.06 | 6.02 | 6.18 | 6.83 | 4.14 | 7.08 | 48 |
Russian Federation | 5.40 | 6.69 | 1.55 | 6.89 | 7.09 | 6.08 | 49 |
Bahrain | 6.02 | 5.75 | 6.84 | 4.20 | 5.82 | 7.22 | 50 |
Kuwait | 6.01 | 5.68 | 7.01 | 5.05 | 4.87 | 7.13 | 51 |
Ukraine | 5.80 | 6.38 | 4.06 | 5.77 | 7.91 | 5.45 | 52 |
Argentina | 5.49 | 6.44 | 2.63 | 6.85 | 6.49 | 5.98 | 53 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 5.64 | 5.54 | 5.95 | 6.02 | 4.34 | 6.27 | 54 |
Brazil | 5.57 | 6.00 | 4.30 | 6.07 | 5.84 | 6.08 | 55 |
Turkey | 5.61 | 5.14 | 7.02 | 5.67 | 4.38 | 5.38 | 56 |
South Africa | 5.55 | 5.47 | 5.81 | 6.92 | 4.51 | 4.98 | 57 |
Jordan | 5.53 | 5.46 | 5.77 | 5.66 | 5.49 | 5.21 | 58 |
Armenia | 5.51 | 5.44 | 5.71 | 6.17 | 6.32 | 3.84 | 59 |
Mexico | 5.45 | 5.48 | 5.38 | 5.82 | 4.85 | 5.77 | 60 |
Thailand | 5.44 | 5.41 | 5.51 | 5.98 | 5.27 | 5.00 | 61 |
Oman | 5.37 | 4.72 | 7.32 | 4.95 | 4.30 | 4.90 | 62 |
5.33 | 5.23 | 5.61 | 4.76 | 4.87 | 6.06 | 63 | |
Mauritius | 5.18 | 4.58 | 6.95 | 3.70 | 4.09 | 5.96 | 64 |
Saudi Arabia | 5.15 | 5.07 | 5.39 | 4.04 | 4.87 | 6.29 | 65 |
Jamaica | 5.04 | 5.40 | 3.99 | 5.36 | 4.10 | 6.74 | 66 |
5.04 | 5.32 | 4.19 | 4.39 | 6.40 | 5.17 | 67 | |
Kazakhstan | 5.01 | 5.08 | 4.82 | 3.77 | 7.21 | 4.25 | 68 |
Belarus | 4.93 | 6.39 | 0.55 | 5.54 | 8.00 | 5.63 | 69 |
Lebanon | 4.86 | 4.91 | 4.70 | 4.69 | 4.76 | 5.27 | 70 |
Tunisia | 4.73 | 4.56 | 5.26 | 4.58 | 4.10 | 5.00 | 71 |
Panama | 4.69 | 4.45 | 5.39 | 5.45 | 4.86 | 3.04 | 72 |
Georgia | 4.69 | 5.07 | 3.54 | 5.38 | 5.97 | 3.85 | 73 |
Peru | 4.64 | 4.86 | 3.98 | 3.88 | 5.57 | 5.12 | 74 |
Mongolia | 4.50 | 4.28 | 5.18 | 2.06 | 6.31 | 4.46 | 75 |
Colombia | 4.42 | 4.62 | 3.83 | 4.26 | 4.79 | 4.80 | 76 |
China | 4.35 | 4.46 | 4.01 | 5.12 | 4.11 | 4.16 | 77 |
Guyana | 4.31 | 4.97 | 2.33 | 4.47 | 5.80 | 4.64 | 78 |
Philippines | 4.25 | 4.02 | 4.95 | 3.63 | 4.76 | 3.66 | 79 |
4.23 | 5.47 | 0.51 | 5.73 | 5.27 | 5.41 | 80 | |
Namibia | 4.19 | 3.20 | 7.14 | 3.30 | 2.57 | 3.74 | 81 |
Sri Lanka | 4.16 | 4.07 | 4.44 | 4.44 | 4.91 | 2.85 | 82 |
Albania | 4.04 | 4.08 | 3.91 | 3.10 | 4.94 | 4.20 | 83 |
Egypt | 4.03 | 4.19 | 3.57 | 4.55 | 4.35 | 3.66 | 84 |
Botswana | 3.96 | 3.50 | 5.34 | 4.34 | 2.58 | 3.59 | 85 |
Dominican Republic | 3.92 | 3.81 | 4.24 | 2.91 | 4.11 | 4.42 | 86 |
El Salvador | 3.91 | 3.65 | 4.70 | 3.19 | 3.26 | 4.50 | 87 |
Azerbaijan | 3.81 | 3.93 | 3.42 | 3.05 | 5.03 | 3.73 | 88 |
Kyrgyzstan | 3.74 | 3.90 | 3.25 | 2.70 | 6.25 | 2.75 | 89 |
Paraguay | 3.62 | 3.87 | 2.87 | 3.47 | 4.20 | 3.93 | 90 |
Ecuador | 3.46 | 4.08 | 1.58 | 3.55 | 3.77 | 4.93 | 91 |
Morocco | 3.45 | 3.33 | 3.80 | 3.67 | 2.00 | 4.32 | 92 |
3.42 | 3.63 | 2.78 | 3.05 | 4.76 | 3.09 | 93 | |
3.39 | 4.13 | 1.18 | 3.02 | 3.89 | 5.48 | 94 | |
Uzbekistan | 3.28 | 4.03 | 1.03 | 3.51 | 6.17 | 2.40 | 95 |
Algeria | 3.25 | 3.50 | 2.53 | 3.48 | 3.64 | 3.37 | 96 |
Cape Verde | 3.24 | 3.05 | 3.81 | 2.25 | 2.96 | 3.96 | 97 |
Indonesia | 3.23 | 3.19 | 3.36 | 3.32 | 3.42 | 2.82 | 98 |
Honduras | 3.21 | 3.18 | 3.30 | 3.30 | 3.17 | 3.06 | 99 |
India | 3.12 | 2.94 | 3.67 | 3.97 | 2.26 | 2.59 | 100 |
Guatemala | 3.11 | 2.88 | 3.78 | 2.47 | 2.21 | 3.97 | 101 |
3.02 | 3.08 | 2.85 | 2.83 | 3.32 | 3.08 | 102 | |
Swaziland | 2.93 | 3.05 | 2.56 | 4.55 | 1.73 | 2.88 | 103 |
Syrian Arab Republic | 2.90 | 3.34 | 1.55 | 3.44 | 2.91 | 3.68 | 104 |
Nicaragua | 2.87 | 2.64 | 3.57 | 1.99 | 2.93 | 3.02 | 105 |
Kenya | 2.82 | 2.65 | 3.31 | 3.87 | 1.49 | 2.60 | 106 |
Tajikistan | 2.79 | 2.93 | 2.37 | 2.33 | 5.34 | 1.10 | 107 |
Senegal | 2.63 | 2.15 | 4.07 | 2.77 | 0.92 | 2.75 | 108 |
Zimbabwe | 2.51 | 3.25 | 0.29 | 4.09 | 2.38 | 3.29 | 109 |
Ghana | 2.50 | 2.00 | 3.97 | 2.08 | 1.80 | 2.13 | 110 |
Uganda | 2.46 | 1.93 | 4.04 | 2.72 | 1.16 | 1.92 | 111 |
Madagascar | 2.37 | 1.51 | 4.93 | 2.54 | 0.76 | 1.25 | 112 |
Mauritania | 2.35 | 1.83 | 3.89 | 1.75 | 0.94 | 2.80 | 113 |
2.28 | 1.72 | 3.98 | 2.39 | 1.05 | 1.70 | 114 | |
Pakistan | 2.24 | 2.18 | 2.43 | 2.75 | 1.07 | 2.72 | 115 |
Lesotho | 2.15 | 1.99 | 2.65 | 2.70 | 1.73 | 1.53 | 116 |
Benin | 2.10 | 1.80 | 3.00 | 2.33 | 1.14 | 1.93 | 117 |
Nigeria | 2.04 | 2.33 | 1.16 | 2.72 | 1.87 | 2.41 | 118 |
Yemen | 1.80 | 1.83 | 1.72 | 1.68 | 1.83 | 1.99 | 119 |
Mali | 1.78 | 1.18 | 3.58 | 1.69 | 0.66 | 1.19 | 120 |
Mozambique | 1.71 | 1.20 | 3.24 | 1.86 | 0.33 | 1.41 | 121 |
Angola | 1.70 | 1.67 | 1.76 | 2.44 | 0.88 | 1.70 | 122 |
Cameroon | 1.69 | 1.85 | 1.20 | 2.49 | 1.36 | 1.70 | 123 |
Burkina Faso | 1.64 | 1.11 | 3.24 | 2.15 | 0.26 | 0.93 | 124 |
Nepal | 1.61 | 1.46 | 2.06 | 2.04 | 1.50 | 0.84 | 125 |
Malawi | 1.55 | 1.17 | 2.71 | 2.11 | 0.87 | 0.53 | 126 |
1.53 | 1.68 | 1.08 | 1.43 | 2.01 | 1.59 | 127 | |
Bangladesh | 1.49 | 1.63 | 1.10 | 1.71 | 1.52 | 1.66 | 128 |
Myanmar | 1.48 | 1.52 | 1.35 | 1.17 | 2.58 | 0.82 | 129 |
Rwanda | 1.34 | 0.85 | 2.80 | 1.47 | 0.35 | 0.74 | 130 |
Ethiopia | 1.18 | 0.93 | 1.95 | 1.57 | 0.73 | 0.48 | 131 |
Djibouti | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.19 | 1.29 | 0.49 | 1.63 | 132 |
Eritrea | 1.07 | 1.20 | 0.68 | 1.56 | 0.81 | 1.22 | 133 |
Sierra Leone | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 1.70 | 0.67 | 0.39 | 134 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | n/a | n/a | 4.24 | 3.29 | n/a | 5.33 | 135 |
n/a | n/a | 3.46 | 4.85 | n/a | 5.59 | 136 | |
Haiti | n/a | n/a | 1.29 | 1.15 | n/a | 1.57 | 137 |
Cote d'Ivoire | n/a | n/a | 0.57 | 2.52 | n/a | 2.30 | 138 |
Sudan | n/a | n/a | 0.61 | 1.97 | n/a | 3.84 | 139 |
Zambia | n/a | n/a | 2.97 | 2.37 | n/a | 2.03 | 140 |