| Short Title: | Basic Law: The Knesset |
| Legislature: | Third Knesset |
| Long Title: | חוק יסוד: הכנסת |
| Date Passed: | 12 February 1958 |
| Related Legislation: | Basic Laws of Israel |
| Summary: | States legislative functions of the parliament of the state |
| Status: | Amended |
Basic Law: The Knesset is part of the Basic Laws of Israel that governs the process of elections in the Israeli parliament or the Knesset.
The law was created in 1958 and updated in 1987.
Members of the Knesset (MK) are elected through proportional representation based on results for the entire national electorate. This means that seats are allocated across all parties, excluding parties that fall below the 3.25% electoral threshold. Ballot papers give voters a choice of parties, rather than choosing individual candidates.
Parties have lists of candidates in order of preference. Some political parties have their own primary votes among party-members to decide candidate lists, whilst other parties choose their candidate lists differently: In some parties, candidate lists are chosen by an assembly of political activists elected by party members, other parties (notably Shas, United Torah Judaism and Yisrael Beiteinu) have a small committee that chooses the party's candidate list, and in others (like Yesh Atid) candidate lists are chosen by one person only. Many parties have changed their way of choosing candidate lists over time.
Elections are nominally held every four years, but the Knesset or prime minister can decide to call an election early (a snap election). Also under certain circumstances elections may be postponed past four years. The only example of a delay was the election for 8th Knesset which was postponed (for two months due to the Yom Kippur War) by a special majority in the Knesset.[1] Elections are nominally scheduled on either the first or third Tuesday of the Jewish month of Cheshvan. If the previous year was a Jewish leap year elections are held the first Tuesday of Cheshvan, otherwise, third Tuesday. It is possible for the interval between elections to be longer than four years, and up to five years if the previous early election is held near the end of the Jewish month of Cheshvan.[2] As of 2015, the nominal schedule was observed only four times: 1959, 1965, 1969, and 1988, with the longest interval between elections being 101 days over 4 years, which occurred between the 1984 elections and the 1988 elections. With the exception of the aforementioned 1973 elections, the reason that elections were not held on the nominal date was that the election date was advanced.
According to a 2016 update to the Basic Law, 75 percent of MKs may vote to expel a fellow MK who has expressed support for an "armed struggle" against Israel. No MK has been impeached from the Knesset under this law.[3]