Kluyvera Explained

Kluyvera is a Gram negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial and motile genus from the family of Enterobacteriaceae which have peritrichous flagella.^[1] Kluyvera occur in water, soil and sewage.^[2] Kluyvera bacteria can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients.^[2]

Etymology

The etymology of this genera is the following : Kluy’ver.a. N.L. fem. n. Kluyvera, named given by Asai et al. in 1956 to honor the Dutch microbiologist A.J. Kluyver.

Transference of antibiotic resistance

In 2010, a gene bla_CTX-M-15 responsible for coding CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) jumped from its chromosome to its plasmid, which was then shared among several bacteria. ESBL confers resistance to pathogenic bacterial strains. This caused the development of antibiotic resistance in almost all known pathogenic bacteria at that time.^[3]

Further reading

• Humeniuk. C.. Arlet. G.. Gautier. V.. Grimont. P.. Labia. R.. Philippon. A.. -Lactamases of Kluyvera ascorbata, Probable Progenitors of Some Plasmid-Encoded CTX-M Types. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1 September 2002. 46. 9. 3045–3049. 10.1128/AAC.46.9.3045-3049.2002. 12183268 . 127423 . 10.1.1.320.935.
• Zhao. Feifei. Zong. Zhiyong. Kluyvera ascorbata carrying the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene from hospital sewage. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 26 September 2016. AAC.01165–16. 10.1128/AAC.01165-16. en. 0066-4804. 27671069. 5119035. 60. 12 .
• Book: Ahmad. Iqbal. Hayat. Shamsul. Pichtel. John. Plant-bacteria interactions strategies and techniques to promote plant growth. 2008. Wiley-VCH. Weinheim. 978-3-527-62199-6.

Notes and References

1. Farmer. J.j.. Kluyvera. Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. 1 January 2015. 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01151. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. en. 1–18. 978-1-118-96060-8 .
2. Book: Long. Sarah . Larry . Pickering . Charles G. . Prober. Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases. 2012. Elsevier Saunders. Edinburgh. 978-1-4557-3985-1. 4th.
3. Kumarasamy KK, Toleman MA, Walsh TR, Bagaria J, Butt F, Balakrishnan R, Chaudhary U, Doumith M, Giske CG, Irfan S, Krishnan P, Kumar AV, Maharjan S, Mushtaq S, Noorie T, Paterson DL, Pearson A, Perry C, Pike R, Rao B, Ray U, Sarma JB, Sharma M, Sheridan E, Thirunarayan MA, Turton J, Upadhyay S, Warner M, Welfare W, Livermore DM, Woodford N. Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study . Lancet Infect Dis . 10 . 9 . 597–602. September 2010 . 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70143-2 . 20705517 . 2933358.