| Kissi | |
| States: | Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone |
| Date: | 2017–2020 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Dia1: | Luangkori |
| Dia2: | Tengia |
| Dia3: | Warn |
| Dia4: | Liaro |
| Dia5: | Kama |
| Dia6: | Teng |
| Dia7: | Tung |
| Script: | Latin |
| Familycolor: | Niger-Congo |
| Fam2: | Atlantic–Congo |
| Fam3: | Mel |
| Fam4: | Bullom–Kissi |
| Lc1: | kss |
| Ld1: | Southern Kissi |
| Lc2: | kqs |
| Ld2: | Northern Kissi |
| Glotto: | kiss1245 |
| Glottorefname: | Kissi |
| Lingua: | 94-BAB-a (Kisi, incl. 94-BAB-aa Kisi-N. & 94-BAB-ab Kisi-S.) |
| Ethnicity: | Kissi people |
Kissi (or Kisi) is a Mel language of West Africa, There are two dialects, northern and southern, and both are tonal languages. The northern dialect is spoken in Guinea and in Sierra Leone. The southern dialect is spoken in Liberia and Sierra Leone. The two dialects are notably different, but are closely related.
In Guinea, the main places Kissi is spoken are the cities of Kissidougou and Guéckédou and their préfectures.
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a | ||
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | kp | |||
| voiced/imp. | ɓ | ɗ | (gb) | |||||
| prenasalized | mb | nd | (ɲɟ) | ŋg | (ŋmgb) | |||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ | |||||||
| Fricative | f | s | h | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||||
/w/ can also have an allophone of [v] when preceding front vowel sounds.
The voiced labial-velar stop pronounced as /link/ occurs only in onomatopoeic phrases, and medial gb can be regarded as an allophone of its voiceless counterpart.[1]
Kissi has four tones: two register and two contour. The two register tones are level and high, and the two contour tones are a rising mid tone and a falling high tone. Kissi also has an extra-high tone, but occurs only sparingly, functioning in only a few grammatical contexts.
| Kissi pronoun | Pronunciation | English pronoun | Kissi example | English translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| y | /i/ | I | y tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. | I'm going there. | |
| a | pronounced as //a// | you | a tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. | You're going there. | |
| o | /o/ | he/she | o tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. | He's going there. | |
| n | /n/ | we | n tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. | We're going there. | |
| la | /la/ | you (plural) | la tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. | You're going there. | |
| aa | /aː/ | they | aa tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. | They're going there. |
As you can already see from these examples, verbs aren't conjugated like English verbs, but they are inflected by tone.
| Kissi pronoun | Pronunciation | English pronoun | Kissi example | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ya | /ja/ | me | o tyo ya lɔ.<br/>yɔŋgu ya ho. / k'ya ho. | He's going to beat me. Give me that. |
| nɔm | /nɔm/ | you | y tyo nɔm lɔ. | I'm going to beat you. |
| ndu | /ndu/ | Hhim /her | y tyo ndu lɔ. o tyo ndu pilɛ lɔ. |
Definite and indefinite articles do not exist in Kissi, so muɛi means "the knife" as well as "a knife".If an object has to be defined (because there are more than one, for example), "this" is used:
example: muɛi coŋ - this knife
If that is not exact enough, an object is described using adjectives.
yɔŋgu ya muɛi. / k'ya muɛi. - Give me a/the knife.
yɔŋgu ya muɛi bɛndɛi. / k'ya muɛi bɛndɛi. - Give me the big knife.