Kirsten Gillibrand Explained

Kirsten Gillibrand
Jr/Sr:United States Senator
State:New York
Alongside:Chuck Schumer
Term Start:January 26, 2009
Predecessor:Hillary Clinton
State1:New York
Term Start1:January 3, 2007
Term End1:January 26, 2009
Predecessor1:John E. Sweeney
Successor1:Scott Murphy
Birth Name:Kirsten Elizabeth Rutnik
Birth Date:9 December 1966
Birth Place:Albany, New York, U.S.
Party:Democratic
Children:2
Residence:Albany, New York, U.S.
Education:Dartmouth College (BA)
University of California, Los Angeles (JD)
Signature:Kirsten Gillibrand Signature.svg

Kirsten Elizabeth Gillibrand (;[1] ; born December 9, 1966) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the junior United States senator from New York since 2009. A member of the Democratic Party, she served as member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2007 to 2009.

Born and raised in upstate New York, Gillibrand graduated from Dartmouth College and from the UCLA School of Law. After holding positions in government and private practice and working on Hillary Clinton's 2000 U.S. Senate campaign, Gillibrand was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2006. She represented New York's 20th congressional district and was reelected in 2008. During her House tenure, Gillibrand was a Blue Dog Democrat noted for voting against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.

After Clinton was appointed U.S. Secretary of State in 2009, Governor David Paterson selected Gillibrand to fill the Senate seat Clinton had vacated, making her New York's second female senator. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to keep the seat, and was reelected to full terms in 2012 and 2018. During her Senate tenure, Gillibrand's policy platform has shifted to the left. She has been outspoken on sexual assault in the military and sexual harassment, having criticized President Bill Clinton, Senator Al Franken, and Governor Andrew Cuomo (all fellow Democrats) for alleged sexual misconduct. She supports paid family leave, a federal jobs guarantee, and the abolition and replacement of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

Gillibrand ran for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in 2020, officially announcing her candidacy on March 17, 2019. After failing to qualify for the third debate, she withdrew from the race on August 28, 2019.

Early life and education

Kirsten Elizabeth Rutnik was born on December 9, 1966, in Albany, New York, the daughter of Polly Edwina (Noonan) and Douglas Paul Rutnik.[1] Both her parents are attorneys, and her father has also worked as a lobbyist.[2] Her parents divorced in the late 1980s. Douglas Rutnik is an associate of former U.S. Senator Al D'Amato.[3] Gillibrand has an older brother and a younger sister.[4] [5] Her maternal grandparents were businessman Peter Noonan and Dorothea "Polly" Noonan,[5] a founder of the Albany Democratic Women's Club and a leader of the city's Democratic political machine.[6] [3] [2] [4] Gillibrand has English, Austrian, Scottish, German, and Irish ancestry.[7]

Polly Noonan was a longtime confidante of Erastus Corning 2nd, the longtime mayor of Albany, New York.[6] [3] [2] [4] In Off the Sidelines, her 2014 memoir, Gillibrand said that Corning "was simply part of our family... He appeared at every family birthday party with the most fantastic present". Gillibrand wrote that she did not know that the ambiguous relationship between her married grandmother and the married Corning "was strange" until she grew up, adding that Corning "may have been in love with my grandmother", but that he also loved her grandmother's entire family.[8] According to The New York Times, Corning, "in effect, disinherited his wife and children" and "left the Noonan family his insurance business".[3]

During her childhood and college years, Gillibrand used the nickname "Tina";[9] she began using her birth name a few years after law school.[4] In 1984, she graduated from Emma Willard School, an all-women's private school in Troy, New York,[10] and then enrolled at Dartmouth College.[4] Gillibrand majored in Asian Studies, studying in both Beijing and Taiwan. In Beijing, she studied and lived with actress Connie Britton at Beijing Normal University.[11] [12] [13] Gillibrand graduated magna cum laude in 1988.[14] At Dartmouth, she was a member of the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority.[14] During college, Gillibrand interned at Senator Al D'Amato's Albany office.[15] She received her J.D. from UCLA School of Law and passed the bar exam in 1991.[16]

Legal career

Private practice

In 1991, Gillibrand joined the Manhattan-based law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell as an associate.[17] In 1992, she took a leave from Davis Polk to serve as a law clerk to Judge Roger Miner of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in Albany.[5] [18]

Gillibrand's tenure at Davis Polk included serving as a defense attorney for tobacco company Philip Morris during major litigation, including both civil lawsuits and U.S. Justice Department criminal and civil racketeering and perjury probes. As a junior associate in the mid-1990s, she defended the company's executives against a criminal investigation into whether they had committed perjury in their testimony before Congress when they claimed that they had no knowledge of a connection between tobacco smoking and cancer. Gillibrand worked closely on the case and became a key part of the defense team. As part of her work, she traveled to the company's laboratory in Germany, where she interviewed scientists about the company's alleged research into the connection. The inquiry was dropped and it was during this time that she became a senior associate.

While working at Davis Polk, Gillibrand became involved in—and later the leader of—the Women's Leadership Forum, a program of the Democratic National Committee. Gillibrand has said that a speech to the group by Hillary Clinton inspired her: " was trying to encourage us to become more active in politics and she said, 'If you leave all the decision-making to others, you might not like what they do, and you will have no one but yourself to blame.' It was such a challenge to the women in the room. And it really hit me: She's talking to me."

In 2001, Gillibrand became a partner in the Manhattan office of Boies, Schiller & Flexner. In 2002 she informed Boies of her interest in running for office and was permitted to transfer to the firm's Albany office. She left Boies in 2005 to begin her 2006 campaign for Congress.

Public interest and government service

Gillibrand has said her work at private law firms allowed her to take on pro bono cases defending abused women and their children and tenants seeking safe housing after lead paint and unsafe conditions were found in their homes. After her time at Davis Polk, she served as Special Counsel to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Andrew Cuomo during the last year of the Clinton administration. Gillibrand worked on HUD's Labor Initiative and its New Markets Initiative, on TAP's Young Leaders of the American Democracy, and on strengthening Davis–Bacon Act enforcement.[19]

In 1999, Gillibrand began working on Hillary Clinton's 2000 U.S. Senate campaign, focusing on campaigning to young women and encouraging them to join the effort. Many of those women later worked on Gillibrand's campaigns.[2] She and Clinton became close during the election, with Clinton becoming something of a mentor to her.[5] Gillibrand donated more than $12,000 to Clinton's Senate campaigns.[20]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2006

See main article: 2006 United States House of Representatives elections in New York. Gillibrand considered running for office in 2004, in New York's 20th congressional district, against the three-term Republican incumbent John E. Sweeney. But Hillary Clinton believed circumstances would be more favorable in 2006 and advised her to wait until then.[5] Traditionally conservative, the district and its electoral offices had been in Republican hands for all but four years since 1913, and as of November 2006, 197,473 voters in the district were registered Republicans and 82,737 were registered Democrats.[21] Sweeney said in 2006 that "no Republican can ever lose ".[22] Using New York's electoral fusion election laws, Gillibrand ran in 2006 on both the Democratic and Working Families lines; in addition to having the Republican nomination, Sweeney was endorsed by the Conservative and Independence parties.

During the campaign, Gillibrand got support from other Democratic Party politicians. Mike McNulty, a Democratic Congressman from the neighboring 21st congressional district, campaigned for her, as did both Hillary and Bill Clinton; the former president appeared twice at campaign events.[23] Both parties poured millions of dollars into the respective campaigns.[24]

Many saw Gillibrand as moderate or conservative. Michael Brendan Dougherty in The American Conservative wrote after her victory, "Gillibrand won her upstate New York district by running to the right: she campaigned against amnesty for illegal immigrants, promised to restore fiscal responsibility to Washington, and pledged to protect gun rights."[25]

Gillibrand's legal representation of Philip Morris was an issue during the campaign. Her campaign finance records showed that she received $23,200 in contributions from the company's employees during her 2006 campaign.[26]

The probable turning point in the election was the November 1 release of a December 2005 police report detailing a 9-1-1 call by Sweeney's wife, in which she claimed Sweeney was "knocking her around the house". The Sweeney campaign claimed the police report was false and promised to have the official report released by state police, but did not do so.[23] The Sweeney campaign did release an ad in which Sweeney's wife called Gillibrand's campaign "a disgrace".[27] Several months later, Sweeney's wife said her "disgrace" statement was coerced, and that her husband was physically abusive.[28]

By November 5, a Siena poll showed Gillibrand ahead of Sweeney 46% to 43%.[29] She won with 53% of the vote.

2008

See main article: 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in New York. After Gillibrand's win, Republicans quickly began speculating about possible 2008 candidates. Len Cutler, director of the Center for the Study of Government and Politics at Siena College, said that the seat would be difficult for Gillibrand to hold in 2008, with Republicans substantially outnumbering Democrats in the district.[23]

Gillibrand was reelected in 2008 over former New York Secretary of State Sandy Treadwell, 62% to 38%.[30] Treadwell lost despite significantly outspending Gillibrand and promising never to vote to raise taxes, not to accept a federal salary, and to limit himself to three terms in office.[31] Campaign expenditures were the second highest in the nation for a House race.[32] Democrats generally saw major successes during the 2008 congressional elections, credited in part to a coattail effect from Barack Obama's presidential campaign.[33] [34]

Gillibrand's legal representation of Philip Morris was again an issue. Her campaign finance records showed that she received $18,200 from Philip Morris employees for her 2008 campaign, putting her among the top dozen Democrats in such contributions.[35] Questioned during the campaign about her work on behalf of Philip Morris, Gillibrand said that she had voted in favor of all three anti-tobacco bills in that session of Congress. She said that she never hid her work for Philip Morris, and added that as an associate at her law firm, she had had no control over which clients she worked for. Davis Polk allowed associates to withdraw from representing clients about whom they had moral qualms.

House tenure

Upon taking office, Gillibrand joined the Blue Dog Coalition, a group of moderate to conservative Democrats. She was noted for voting against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008,[25] citing concerns regarding insufficient oversight and excessive earmarks.[36] She opposed a 2007 state-level proposal to issue driver's licenses to illegal immigrants and voted for legislation that would withhold federal funds from immigrant sanctuary cities.[37] [38] Gillibrand also voted for a bill that limited information-sharing between federal agencies about firearm purchasers and received an "A" rating from the NRA Political Victory Fund (NRA-PVF).[39] [5] This fell to an "F" rating during her time in Senate.[39] She expressed personal support for same-sex marriage, but advocated for civil unions for same-sex couples and said same-sex marriage should a state-level issue.[40]

After taking office, Gillibrand became the first member of Congress to publish her official schedule, listing everyone she met with on a given day. She also published earmark requests she received and her personal financial statement. This "Sunlight Report", as her office termed it, was praised by in a December 2006 New York Times editorial as a "quiet touch of revolution" in a non-transparent system.[41] [42] Of the earmarking process, Gillibrand said she wanted whatever was best for her district and would require every project to pass a "greatest-need, greatest-good" test.[43]

Committee assignments

In the House of Representatives, Gillibrand served on the following committees:[44]

U.S. Senate

Appointment

On December 1, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama announced his choice of Hillary Clinton, the junior U.S. senator from New York, as Secretary of State. Clinton was confirmed by a vote of 94–2 on January 21, 2009. Just hours before being sworn in as Secretary of State, Clinton resigned her Senate seat, effective immediately. Obama's December announcement began a two-month search to fill her Senate seat.[45] Under New York law, the governor appoints a replacement. A special election would then be held in November 2010 for the remainder of her term, which ended in January 2013.[46]

Governor David Paterson's selection process began with a number of prominent names and high-profile New York Democrats, including Andrew Cuomo, Fran Drescher and Caroline Kennedy, vying for the spot. Gillibrand quietly campaigned for the position, meeting secretly with Paterson on at least one occasion. She said that she made an effort to underscore her successful House elections in a largely conservative district, adding that she could be a good complement to Chuck Schumer.[4] Gillibrand was presumed a likely choice in the days before the official announcement.[47] On January 23, 2009, Paterson held a press conference to announce Gillibrand as his choice.[48]

The response to the appointment in New York was mixed. Upstate New York media was generally optimistic about the appointment of an upstate senator,[49] as none had been elected since Charles Goodell left office in 1971.[50] Many downstaters were disappointed with the selection, with some media outlets stating that Paterson had ignored the electoral influence of New York City and downstate on state politics. One questioned whether Paterson's administration was aware of " statewide elections are won and lost".[49] Gillibrand was relatively unknown statewide, and many voters found the choice surprising.[10] One source stated, "With every Democrat in New York ... angling for the appointment, there was a sense of bafflement, belittlement, and bruised egos when Paterson tapped the junior legislator unknown outside of Albany."[4]

Shortly before her appointment to the Senate was announced, Gillibrand reportedly contacted the Empire State Pride Agenda, an LGBT lobbying organization in New York, to express her full support for same-sex marriage, the repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act, the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy regarding gay and lesbian servicemembers, and the passage of legislation banning discrimination against transgender persons.[51] [52] She had supported civil unions for same-sex couples[52] and argued that the same-sex marriage issue should be left to states.[40] Paterson's office had advised her to reach out to Empire State Pride.[53] [52]

Gillibrand was sworn in on January 26, 2009; at 42, she entered the chamber as the youngest senator in the 111th Congress.[4] In February, she endorsed Scott Murphy, whom New York Democrats chose as their nominee for her former seat in the House of Representatives.[54] In April, Murphy won the seat against Republican Jim Tedisco by 399 votes and succeeded Gillibrand in the House until 2011.[55]

Elections

2010

See main article: 2010 United States Senate special election in New York. Gillibrand had numerous potential challengers in the September 14, 2010, Democratic primary election. Some were obvious at the time of her appointment. Most notably, Representative Carolyn McCarthy was unhappy with Gillibrand's stance on gun control,[56] but McCarthy decided not to run.[57] Harold Ford, Jr., a former Congressman from Tennessee, considered a run but decided against it in March 2009.[58]

Concerned about a possible schism in the party that could lead to a heated primary, split electorate, and weakened stance, high-ranking members of the party backed Gillibrand and requested major opponents not to run.[58] In the end, Gillibrand faced Gail Goode, a lawyer from New York City,[59] and won the primary with 76% of the vote.[60]

Despite what was expected to be a heated race, Gillibrand easily prevailed against former Republican congressman Joseph DioGuardi in her first statewide election.[61] By the end of October, a Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll showed Gillibrand leading 57%-34%.[62] Gillibrand won the November election 63%–35%, carrying 54 of New York's 62 counties; the counties that supported DioGuardi did so by a margin no greater than 10%.[61]

2012

See main article: 2012 United States Senate election in New York. Gillibrand's special election victory gave her the right to serve the rest of Clinton's second term, which ended in January 2013. Gillibrand ran for a full six-year term in November 2012. In the general election, she faced Wendy E. Long, an attorney running on both the Republican Party and Conservative Party lines.[63] [64] Gillibrand was endorsed by The New York Times[65] and the Democrat and Chronicle.[66] She won the election with 72.2% of the vote;[67] in so doing, she surpassed Schumer's 71.2% victory in 2004 and achieved the largest victory margin for a statewide candidate in New York history. She carried all counties except for two in western New York.[68]

2018

See main article: 2018 United States Senate election in New York. Gillibrand was reelected to a second term in the Senate, defeating Republican Chele Chiavacci Farley[69] with 67% of the vote.[70] During a campaign debate, she pledged that she would serve out a full six-year term if reelected.[71] She was endorsed by the progressive groups Indivisible[72] [73] and Working Families.[74] [75]

2024

See main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New York.

Gillibrand is seeking a third Senate term.[76] She faces Republican nominee Mike Sapraicone, an ex-NYPD detective and businessman.[77]

Senate tenure

A member of the Democratic Party's relatively conservative Blue Dog faction while in the House, Gillibrand has moved her political positions and ideology toward a liberal, progressive position since her appointment to the Senate.[78] [79] In both cases, her views were significantly defined by the respective constituencies she served[80] —a conservative congressional district versus the generally liberal state of New York, especially as defined by New York City. For example, although she had been quiet on the U.S. military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy when she was in the House, during her first 18 months in the Senate, Gillibrand was an important part of the successful campaign to repeal it.[81]

Gillibrand made national headlines in February 2009 for stating that she and her husband kept two guns under their bed.[82] [83] [84] Her staff later indicated that Gillibrand no longer stored guns under her bed.[85]

On April 9, 2009, a combined Schumer–Gillibrand press release said that the two strongly supported a Latino being nominated to the Supreme Court at the time of the next vacancy. Their first choice was Sonia Sotomayor.[86] The two introduced her at Sotomayor's Senate confirmation hearing in July 2009.[87]

During the lame duck session of the 111th Congress, Gillibrand scored two substantial legislative victories: the passage of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 and the passage of the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act. Both were issues she had advocated for during that session. In the aftermath of these victories, Gillibrand gained a more prominent national profile.[88] [89] [90]

In March 2011, Gillibrand co-sponsored the PROTECT IP Act, which would restrict access to websites judged to be infringing copyrights,[91] but ultimately announced she would not support the bill as-is due to wide critical public response.[92]

In 2012, Gillibrand authored a portion of the STOCK Act, which extended limitations on insider trading by members of Congress. A version of the bill, merged by Senator Joe Lieberman with content from another bill authored by Senator Scott Brown,[93] was passed by Congress and signed into law by Obama in April.[94]

In 2013, Gillibrand proposed legislation that would remove sexual assault cases from the military chain of command; the bill was cosponsored by Senators Rand Paul and Ted Cruz.[95] Gillibrand's bill failed to gain enough votes to break a filibuster in March 2014, but her efforts likely improved her standing as a lawmaker in the Senate.[96]

In December 2013, Gillibrand introduced the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act, which would have provided paid family leave.[97]

By 2013, Gillibrand had "skillfully aligned herself with causes with visible, moving human characters who have helped amplified her policy goals".[98] For example, in campaigning for the repeal of the military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy, she established a website with videos of gay and lesbian veterans telling their personal stories.[98] She has been less deferential to Senate seniority protocols and more uncompromising in her positions—such as combating sexual assault in the military—than most freshman senators, which has sometimes caused friction with her Democratic colleagues. Senator Charles Grassley has contrasted her approach with other New Yorkers of both parties, saying she is distinguished by "her determination and knowledge and willingness to sit down one on one with senators and explain what she is up to". Her fund-raising ability—almost $30 million from 2009 through 2013—helped her become a mentor to female candidates nationwide during that period.[98]

In 2014, Gillibrand was included in the annual Time 100, Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world.[99]

In 2015, Gillibrand invited campus activist Emma Sulkowicz to attend the State of the Union Address. Her invitation was intended to promote the Campus Accountability and Safety Act, a bill Gillibrand co-sponsored.[100]

Gillibrand once supported legislation that would criminalize "boycotts" by individuals or groups seeking to express a disapproval of the actions taken by the government of Israel.[101] Gillibrand's advocacy against protests and "boycotts" included her co-sponsoring S.720, coined the "Israel Anti-Boycott Act". This legislation would have criminalized any political boycott intended to protest actions by the Israeli government, with a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison.[101] [102] The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) denounced S.720, claiming its provisions seeking to "punish U.S. persons based solely on their expressed political beliefs" are "inconsistent" with First Amendment constitutional protections.[103] In July 2017, Gillibrand stated that she no longer supported the bill in its then-current form, adding that she would advocate for changes to it. She said the bill did not "have any relevance to individuals at all" and insisted she planned to "urge them to rewrite it to make sure it says...'This is only applying to companies.'"[104]

In a February 2018 60 Minutes profile, Gillibrand said she was "'embarrassed and ashamed'" of the positions on immigration and guns she held during her tenure in the House of Representatives.[105]

Gillibrand was named as part of the "Hell-No Caucus" by Politico in 2018, along with Senators Kamala Harris, Cory Booker, Elizabeth Warren, and Bernie Sanders, for voting "overwhelmingly to thwart [Trump's] nominees for administration jobs", such as with Rex Tillerson, Betsy DeVos, and Mike Pompeo; all the senators were considered potential 2020 presidential contenders at the time,[106] and all five did run for president in 2020.

According to a FiveThirtyEight study, 12% of Gillibrand's votes matched Trump's position, the lowest among all senators.[107]

Committee assignments

Current

Previous

Caucus memberships

2020 presidential campaign

Committee:Gillibrand 2020
Campaign:2020 United States presidential election (Democratic Party primaries)
Candidate:Kirsten Gillibrand
Senator from New York (2009–)
Member of the House from New York (2007–2009)
Formed:January 15, 2019
Launched:March 17, 2019
Suspended:August 28, 2019
Headquarters:Troy, New York[109]
Key People:Jess Fassler (campaign manager)[110]
Receipts:15919261.11[111]
Slogan:Brave Wins
Fec Date:September 30, 2019

Exploratory committee

In early 2019, on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Gillibrand announced the formation of an exploratory committee to consider running for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election.[112] During her January 15 appearance, she said, "I am going to run",[113] and the same day paperwork filed with the Federal Election Commission established the Gillibrand 2020 Exploratory Committee.[114] Gillibrand had frequently been mentioned as a possible 2020 contender by the media before her announcement,[115] [116] but during a 2018 Senate campaign debate, she had promised to serve her entire six-year term if she were reelected.

Campaign announcement and suspension

In a Twitter post on March 17, Gillibrand announced that she was officially running for president.[117] [118] Like other Democratic candidates, she pledged not to accept campaign donations from political action committees.[119]

Gillibrand was invited to the first Democratic presidential debate, participating on the second night, on June 27. She was also invited to the second debate, again participating in the second night, on July 31.[120]

Gillibrand suspended her campaign on August 28, 2019, citing her failure to qualify for the third round of Democratic primary debates.[121] She neither met the polling threshold nor sustained the fundraising quota set as debate qualifications.[122]

Political pundits during and after her campaign noted that her role in pushing Franken to resign played a major role in her failure to garner support from donors and fellow Democrats;[123] she doubled down on her actions on numerous occasions even after several Democrats expressed regret for calling for his resignation.[124] [125] Many high-profile fundraisers and donors refused to support her, saying her actions gave her the reputation that "she would eat her own".[126] Other publications noted that her attempt to brand herself as "the feminist candidate" failed to differentiate her from her rivals.[127]

Endorsements

Political positions

See main article: Political positions of Kirsten Gillibrand. During her tenure in the House of Representatives, Gillibrand was known as a centrist Democrat.[128] [129] In the House, she was a member of the Blue Dog Coalition,[130] [131] a caucus of fiscally conservative Democrats;[132] she also voted against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008,[25] [36] spoke against the issuance of driver's licenses to undocumented immigrants, and voted for a bill that would withhold federal funds from immigrant sanctuary cities.[37] [38] Gillibrand also voted for a bill that limited information-sharing between federal agencies about firearm purchasers[5] and advocated for civil unions for same-sex couples.[40]

Since she became a member of the Senate, Gillibrand's political positions have moved leftward.[133] [40] In July 2018, Newsday wrote that Gillibrand "formerly held more conservative views on guns and immigration, but, in her nine years as New York's junior senator, [has] swung steadily to the left on those and other issues".[134] After being appointed to the Senate, she expressed support for same-sex marriage.[51] [53] A supporter of gun rights while in the House, Gillibrand has since moved in the direction of gun control.[135] She has said that a conversation with a family who had lost a daughter to gun violence made her realize that she was "wrong" to oppose gun control measures; having once received an "A" rating from the NRA, she received an "F" rating as of 2018.[134] In June 2018, Gillibrand called U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, a "deportation force" and became the first sitting senator to support the call to abolish ICE. She said, "I believe you should get rid of it, start over, reimagine it and build something that actually works" and "I think you should reimagine ICE under a new agency with a very different mission".[134] [136] [137] [138] In 2018, Gillibrand said she was "embarrassed and ashamed" of the positions on guns and immigration she took during her House tenure.[105]

In May 2018, City & State reported that Gillibrand had "moved sharply leftward on economic issues, embracing a number of proposals to expand the social safety net and bolster lower-income families".[139] In July 2018, The New York Times wrote that Gillibrand had "spent recent months injecting her portfolio with a dose of the kind of economic populism that infused Senator Bernie Sanders's campaign in the 2016 presidential primary".

On social issues, Gillibrand is generally liberal, supporting the legalization of cannabis,[140] abortion rights,[141] and helping to lead the successful repeal effort of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell". A supporter of Medicare-for-all since her first House run in 2006,[142] she co-sponsored a 2017 Medicare-for-all bill introduced by Sanders and said that health care should be a right.[143] Gillibrand also supports a federal jobs guarantee. Although she used to be one of the top recipients of corporate campaign donations, in 2018 she supported rejecting corporate PAC funds and invested heavily in online fundraising. Ninety-seven percent of donations to her 2018 campaign totaled $100 or less.[142] She advocates government transparency, being one of a few members of Congress who release much personal and scheduling information.[144]

In May 2017, Gillibrand co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (S.270), which made it a federal crime, punishable by a maximum sentence of 20 years imprisonment, for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories if protesting actions by the Israeli government.[145] [146] In July 2017, Gillibrand said she no longer supported the bill in its then-current form, adding that she would advocate for changes to it. She said the bill did not "have any relevance to individuals at all" and insisted she planned to "urge them to rewrite it to make sure it says...'This is only applying to companies.'"[104]

In 2024, Gillibrand introduced a new bill to address traumatic brain injuries in military veterans and service members.[147]

  1. MeToo movement

Declaring a "zero tolerance" doctrine regarding accusations of sexual misconduct by members of Congress, Gillibrand was the first in her caucus to call on Senator Al Franken to resign.[148] Franken left office before a Senate Ethics Committee investigation could review the accuracy of the allegations against him.[149] [150] In 2019, seven Democratic current and former U.S. senators who had demanded Franken's resignation in 2017 told New Yorker reporter Jane Mayer they had been wrong to do so, but Gillibrand has expressed no regrets for leading the demand for his resignation.[151] In November 2017, amid the MeToo movement, Gillibrand became the first high-profile Democrat to say that Bill Clinton should have resigned when his affair with Monica Lewinsky was revealed.[152] In 2018, Clinton expressed disagreement with Gillibrand's opinion.[153]

In 2019, a female former aide to Gillibrand criticized her for retaining a male staffer despite the aide's sexual harassment complaint against him.[154]

Personal life

Gillibrand met her husband, Jonathan Gillibrand, a venture capitalist and British national, on a blind date. Jonathan planned to be in the United States for only a year while studying for his Master of Business Administration at Columbia University, but he stayed in the country because of their developing relationship. They married in a Catholic church in Manhattan in 2001.[17] [4]

The Gillibrands had their first son, Theodore, in 2003,[5] and their second son, Henry, in 2008. Gillibrand continued to work until the day of Henry's delivery and received a standing ovation from her colleagues in the House for doing so.[5]

Because of the requirements of Gillibrand's office, the family spends most of its time in Washington, D.C.[155] In 2011, the Gillibrands sold their house in Hudson and purchased their home in Brunswick to be closer to Gillibrand's family in Albany.[156] In 2020, the Gillibrands sold their house in Brunswick.[157] Gillibrand stated in 2020 that her family was looking for a house in the North Country.[158]

Gillibrand was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa, a national leadership honor society, as an honoris causa initiate at SUNY Plattsburgh in 2012.[159]

Published works

In 2014, Gillibrand published her first book, Off the Sidelines: Raise Your Voice, Change the World.[160] The candid memoir was notable in the media upon release due to whisperings of a future presidential run[161] as well as Gillibrand's claims of sexism in the Senate,[162] including specific comments made to her by other members of Congress about her weight and appearance.[163] Off the Sidelines debuted at number 8 on The New York Times Best Seller list for hardcover nonfiction.[164]

Electoral history

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See also

References

Citations

Further reading

External links

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Notes and References

  1. News: April 13, 2019 . Kirsten Gillibrand Fast Facts . CNN.com . Atlanta, GA . July 20, 2019 . September 25, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200925090733/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/03/us/kirsten-gillibrand-fast-facts/index.html . live .
  2. News: Kirsten Gillibrand . Tumulty . Karen . . January 27, 2011 . January 23, 2009 . May 1, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090501231012/http://swampland.blogs.time.com/2009/01/23/kirstin-gillibrand/ . live .
  3. Web site: Gillibrand's Grandmother Also Wielded Political Power, but From the Wings. Sam. Roberts. January 31, 2009. The New York Times. September 23, 2020. February 4, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090204143517/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/01/nyregion/01family.html. live.
  4. Who's Wearing the Pantsuit Now?: The story of Kirsten Gillibrand's polite meteor ride to the top . Shapiro . Walter . . . July 8, 2009 . March 7, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110307015848/http://www.elle.com/Life-Love/Society-Career-Power/Kirsten-Gillibrand . March 7, 2011 .
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  6. Web site: Sen. Gillibrand and her family will soon call Rensselaer County home. James V.. Franco. The Record. February 11, 2011. September 23, 2020. June 7, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155041/https://www.troyrecord.com/news/sen-gillibrand-and-her-family-will-soon-call-rensselaer-county/article_8da7a2e6-f2d8-5cce-a682-5cebbc250cb6.html. live.
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  8. News: Edie Falco as Polly Noonan Off-Broadway stirs consternation in Albany. Paul. Grondahl. August 21, 2018. Times Union. September 23, 2020. August 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180821180655/https://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Edie-Falco-as-Polly-Noonan-Off-Broadway-stirs-13171046.php. live.
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  10. News: Senate Choice: Folksy Centrist Born to Politics . Powell . Michael . Raymond Hernandez . . January 23, 2009 . January 26, 2011 . December 4, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111204115217/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/24/nyregion/24gillibrand.html . live .
  11. Web site: Connie Britton on Her Risky Path to Happiness . More Magazine . March 2013 . July 25, 2014 . Leah . Rozen . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140727160703/http://www.more.com/entertainment/celebrities-movies-tv-music/connie-britton-her-risky-path-happiness?page=2 . July 27, 2014 .
  12. Web site: Nashville' star Connie Britton '89 sits down to discuss her new show . October 11, 2012 . Sydney . Ayers . October 8, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121013163116/http://thedartmouth.com/2012/10/11/arts/britton . October 13, 2012 . dead .
  13. News: Connie Britton on roomie Kirsten Gillibrand . October 8, 2013 . November 28, 2013 . McDevitt . Caitlin . Politico . December 3, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203065458/http://www.politico.com/blogs/click/2013/10/connie-britton-on-roomie-kirsten-gillibrand-174530.html . live .
  14. News: Gillibrand '88 picked for N.Y. Senate seat . Anya . Perret . . January 23, 2009 . January 29, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110606080355/http://thedartmouth.com/2009/01/23/news/senate . June 6, 2011 . dead .
  15. News: Gillibrand Says D'Amato Isn't in the Picture . The New York Times . February 9, 2009 . January 29, 2011 . April 26, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130426001906/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/nyregion/10damato.html . live .
  16. Web site: UCLA law alumna appointed U.S. senator from New York . UCLA Today . . January 26, 2009 . January 29, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110629173009/http://www.today.ucla.edu/portal/ut/ucla-law-alumna-appointed-u-s-79380.aspx . June 29, 2011 . dead .
  17. In Hillary's Footsteps: Kirsten Gillibrand . Van Meter . Jonathan . . November 2010 . January 26, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110106223839/http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/in-hillarys-footsteps-kirsten-gillibrand/ . January 6, 2011 . dead .
  18. News: Who is Kirsten Gillibrand? New York congresswoman to take Clinton's Senate seat . McShane . Larry . Kenneth Lovett . Elizabeth Benjamin . . January 23, 2009 . February 4, 2011 . February 3, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090203073700/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2009/01/22/2009-01-22_who_is_kirsten_gillibrand_new_york_congr.html . live .
  19. Web site: Biography of Kirsten Gillibrand . Dartmouth College Office of Alumni Relations . May 8, 2011 . https://archive.today/20120707084038/http://alumni.dartmouth.edu/events/Celebrating35YearsofWomenatDartmouth/SpeakerList/KirstenGillibrand . July 7, 2012 . dead .
  20. Web site: Campaign Contributions: Kirsten Gillibrand . newsmeat.com . January 31, 2011 . February 7, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084918/http://www.newsmeat.com/washington_political_donations/Kirsten_Gillibrand.php . June 22, 2011 .
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  22. Murphy's Law: One Democrat's defeat explains how the party lost the House . Romano . Andrew . . . November 3, 2010 . November 14, 2010 . November 7, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101107060108/http://www.newsweek.com/2010/11/03/the-anatomy-of-one-democrat-s-loss.html . live .
  23. News: Gillibrand Brings Clout to House . Tim . O'Brien . Times Union . Albany . B1 . November 9, 2006 . February 2, 2011 . July 23, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110723210042/http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=6367342 . live .
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  25. News: Rebranding Gillibrand . Dougherty . Michael Brendan . . . April 6, 2009 . February 20, 2019 . February 21, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112449/https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/rebranding-gillibrand/ . live .
  26. News: Odato. James. Gillibrand's tobacco past includes Philip Morris. Albany Times-Union. October 16, 2008. January 23, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20081022144730/http://timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?storyID=729940. October 22, 2008. dead.
  27. News: John & Gayle Sweeney Stand Side-By-Side, Firing Back . . November 2009 . February 2, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110718122142/http://www.wten.com/Global/story.asp?s=5622725 . July 18, 2011 . dead .
  28. Web site: Sweeney's wife claims he abused her: Says she fears for her life and that election eve denial was "coerced". Albany Times Union. July 25, 2007. July 22, 2006. Gurnett. Kate . https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004545/http://www.timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?storyID=608104 . September 27, 2007.
  29. News: Siena: Gillibrand 46, Sweeney: 43 . Elizabeth . Benjamin . Times Union . Albany . November 5, 2006 . February 2, 2011 . July 17, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110717060748/http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/2673/siena-gillibrand-46-sweeney-43/ . live .
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  31. News: Gillibrand is Repeat Winner . Hornbeck . Leigh . Times Union . Albany . November 5, 2008 . February 2, 2011 . A13 . July 23, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110723210058/http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=7147108 . live .
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  35. Web site: As New Lawyer, Senator Was Active in Tobacco's Defense. Raymond. Hernandez. David. Kocieniewski. The New York Times. March 26, 2009. September 23, 2020. June 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210617214345/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/nyregion/27gillibrand.html?pagewanted=all. live.
  36. News: Gillibrand votes no to bailout bill . . Glens Falls, NY . October 3, 2008 . March 15, 2013 . Thompson . Maury . November 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161117124758/http://poststar.com/news/latest/gillibrand-votes-no-to-bailout-bill/article_6c57d919-13eb-5e55-be4d-e35d7a8ce4e2.html . live .
  37. News: Gillibrand Hints at a Change of Mind on Immigration . Powell . Michael . The New York Times . February 1, 2009 . February 20, 2011 . April 24, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090424201606/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/02/nyregion/02kirsten.html . live .
  38. News: Gillibrand's Immigration Views Draw Fire . Semple . Kirk . The New York Times . January 27, 2009 . February 20, 2011 . November 8, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108235735/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/28/us/politics/28immigration.html . live .
  39. News: Holmes Lybrand . Fact-checking Gillibrand's claim NRA 'is largely funded' by gun makers . 16 August 2023 . CNN Politics . April 11, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190412061145/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/11/politics/fact-check-kirsten-gillibrand-nra/index.html . April 12, 2019 . en-US.
  40. Web site: Gillibrand: Senator's abrupt move to the left an issue. January 21, 2019. The Mercury News. Viebeck, Elise. September 23, 2020. February 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190203040855/https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/01/20/gillibrand-senators-abrupt-move-to-the-left-an-issue/. live.
  41. News: Congress and the Benefits of Sunshine . The New York Times . December 14, 2006 . February 4, 2011 . September 28, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130928093854/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/14/opinion/14thu3.html . live .
  42. News: Barely in Office, but G.O.P. Rivals Are Circling . Hernandez . Raymond . The New York Times . May 15, 2007 . February 4, 2011 . November 8, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131108210744/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/15/nyregion/15freshman.html . live .
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  45. News: Paterson Announces Choice of Gillibrand for Senate Seat . Hernandez . Javier C. . Danny Hakim . Nicholas Confessore . The New York Times . January 23, 2009 . January 26, 2011 . September 28, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130928092241/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/24/nyregion/24choice.html?ref=nyregion . live .
  46. News: From Foe to Secretary of State . Seiler . Casey . with wire reports . Times Union . Albany . December 2, 2008 . January 29, 2011 . A1 . July 23, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110723210110/http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=7239251 . live .
  47. News: Paterson Poised for Senate Pick . Hornbeck . Leigh . Times Union . Albany . A1 . January 23, 2009 . January 29, 2011 . July 23, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110723210116/http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=7411044 . live .
  48. News: N.Y. Governor Names Clinton Successor . Silverleib . Alan . Cable New Network (CNN) . January 23, 2009 . January 29, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101104092840/http://articles.cnn.com/2009-01-23/politics/gillibrand.profile_1_rep-kirsten-gillibrand-hillary-clinton-hardball-politics?_s=PM:POLITICS . November 4, 2010 . dead .
  49. Upstate/Downstate Divide in Gillibrand Coverage . Germano . Sara . . Columbia University . January 28, 2009 . January 30, 2011 . October 22, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101022032303/http://www.cjr.org/the_kicker/upstatedownstate_divide_in_gil.php . live .
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  51. Web site: Kirsten Gillibrand Reached Out To Gay Rights Group. Sam. Stein. February 23, 2009. October 7, 2018. HuffPost. October 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181007155106/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/01/23/kirsten-gillibrand-called_n_160331.html. live.
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  54. Web site: Gillibrand, Tonko give their support to Murphy. The Troy Record. February 15, 2009. May 5, 2017. May 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170507154934/http://www.troyrecord.com/article/TR/20090215/NEWS/302159988. live.
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  56. News: With Kennedy Out, N.R.A. Becomes Issue . Hakim . Danny . The New York Times . January 22, 2009 . February 7, 2011 . July 14, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110714223710/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/congresswomen-could-be-in-senate-showdown/ . live .
  57. Web site: McCarthy Won't Seek Gillibrand's Senate Seat . Brune . Tom . . June 4, 2009 . February 7, 2011 . June 29, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110629204328/http://www.newsday.com/long-island/politics/mccarthy-won-t-seek-gillibrand-s-senate-seat-1.1240653?qr=1 . live .
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  62. Cuomo Leads By 20 Points In New York Gov Race, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Gillibrand Stuns Gop Challenger . Quinnipiac University Polling Institute . October 27, 2010 . April 15, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110728052031/http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1318.xml?ReleaseID=1526 . July 28, 2011 . dead .
  63. News: Wendy Long captures Senate Republican primary, will face Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand. Brian. Tumulty. The Journal News. White Plains, NY. June 27, 2012. October 15, 2012. June 30, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120630115934/http://www.lohud.com/article/20120627/NEWS05/306270079/Wendy-Long-captures-Senate-Republican-primary-will-face-Sen-Kirsten-Gillibrand. live.
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  77. Web site: Parsnow . Luke . New York Republicans back ex-NYPD detective, businessman Mike Sapraicone as candidate for U.S. Senate . Specturm News . 22 February 2024.
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  86. Schumer, Gillibrand Make Direct Appeal to President Obama Recommending He Nominate the First Ever Latino to the Supreme Court Should a Vacancy Occur During His Term . Senate Offices of Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand . April 9, 2009 . February 26, 2011 . May 8, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090508224120/http://schumer.senate.gov/new_website/record.cfm?id=311344 . live .
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  88. Web site: Gillibrand Gains Foothold With Victory on 9/11 Aid. David M.. Halbfinger. New York Times. December 22, 2010. September 23, 2020. November 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109020424/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/23/nyregion/23gillibrand.html. live.
  89. Web site: The Education of Kirsten Gillibrand. Observer. December 21, 2010. Reid Pillifant. January 17, 2019. January 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070121/https://observer.com/2010/12/the-education-of-kirsten-gillibrand/. live.
  90. Web site: Mann, Brian. Sen. Gillibrand's moment. North Country Public Radio. December 22, 2010. September 23, 2020. July 27, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110727092239/http://blogs.northcountrypublicradio.org/inbox/2010/12/22/sen-gillibrands-moment/. live.
  91. Bill Summary & Status 112th Congress (2011–2012), "S.968 Cosponsors", Bill Summary & Status
  92. News: Wooledge . Scott . One more down: NY Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand now opposes PIPA/SOPA . . September 3, 2014 . January 20, 2012 . September 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140904121150/http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/01/20/1056650/-One-more-down-NY-Sen-Kirsten-Gillibrand-now-opposes-PIPA-SOPA . live .
  93. News: STOCK Act: Insider Trading Bill To Receive Senate Vote Next Week . Grim . Ryan . Zach Carter . . January 26, 2012 . September 7, 2014 . September 8, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140908065612/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/26/stock-act-insider-trading-bill-senate_n_1234067.html . live .
  94. News: Obama signs STOCK Act to ban 'congressional insider trading' . Condon . Stephanie . cbsnews.com . CBS Interactive Inc. . April 4, 2012 . September 7, 2014 . October 31, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141031234009/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-signs-stock-act-to-ban-congressional-insider-trading/ . live .
  95. News: Rand Paul, Ted Cruz join Kirsten Gillibrand push on military sexual assault . Samuelsohn . Darren . July 16, 2013 . . Politico, LLC . September 4, 2014 . October 23, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141023071841/http://www.politico.com/story/2013/07/rand-paul-ted-cruz-kirsten-gillibrand-sexual-assault-push-94244.html . live .
  96. News: How Kirsten Gillibrand won by losing . O'Keefe . Ed . Ed O'Keefe (journalist) . . March 6, 2014 . September 4, 2014 . September 5, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140905092404/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/03/06/how-kirsten-gillibrand-won-by-losing/ . live .
  97. News: Span . Paula . A Federal Proposal for Paid Family Leave . January 20, 2019 . The New York Times . December 13, 2013 . The federal Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act, introduced Thursday in Congress, would provide paid leave for workers who need time off to care for family members with serious health conditions, to care for a newborn, or to recover from health problems, including pregnancy and childbirth. . February 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207154941/https://newoldage.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/13/a-federal-proposal-for-paid-family-leave/ . live .
  98. News: Steinhauer. Jennifer. New York's Junior Senator, Doggedly Refusing to Play the Part. November 7, 2014. The New York Times. December 6, 2013. November 7, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141107082104/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/07/us/politics/new-yorks-junior-senator-doggedly-refusing-to-play-the-part.html?pagewanted=all. live.
  99. News: Kirsten Gillibrand: The U.S. Senate's rising Democratic star . D'Amato . Alfonse . Al D'Amato . . April 23, 2014 . September 7, 2014 . September 8, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140908035336/https://time.com/70842/kirsten-gillibrand-2014-time-100/ . live .
  100. News: Columbia University anti-rape activist attends State of the Union aiming to stop college sexual assault. Friedman. Dan. New York Daily News. January 21, 2015. February 7, 2015. February 9, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150209055553/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/gillibrand-defends-activist-critics-calling-fake-article-1.2086128. live.
  101. Web site: Cosponsors - S.720 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Israel Anti-Boycott Act. Cardin. Benjamin. March 23, 2017. www.congress.gov. August 23, 2018. September 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180907160135/https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/720/cosponsors?r=1&q=%7B%22search%22:%5B%22Israel+Anti-Boycott+act%22%5D,%22party%22:%22Democratic%22%7D. live.
  102. Web site: Roger Waters: Congress Shouldn't Silence Human Rights Advocates. The New York Times. Waters, Roger. Roger Waters. September 7, 2017. September 23, 2020. October 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201019060631/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/opinion/roger-waters-congress-silencing-advocates.html. live.
  103. Web site: ACLU Letter to the Senate Opposing Israel Anti-Boycott Act. aclu.org. July 17, 2017. September 23, 2020. September 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200922220027/https://www.aclu.org/letter/aclu-letter-senate-opposing-israel-anti-boycott-act. live.
  104. Web site: Gillibrand Now Says She Won't Support Israel Boycott Bill 'In Its Current Form'. Observer. Toure, Madina. July 31, 2017. September 23, 2020. September 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929052205/https://observer.com/2017/07/kirsten-gillibrand-israel-boycott-legislation/. live.
  105. Web site: Gillibrand 'embarrassed' by previous positions. February 12, 2018. Times Union. Seiler, Casey. October 7, 2018. October 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181007155058/https://www.timesunion.com/7day-state/article/Gillibrand-embarrassed-by-previous-positions-12607688.php. live.
  106. Web site: Schor. Elana. Lin. Jeremy C.F.. The Hell-No Caucus: How five 2020 contenders voted on Trump's nominees. Politico. April 6, 2018 . April 6, 2018. April 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180407053647/https://www.politico.com/interactives/2018/how-five-2020-contenders-voted-on-trumps-nominees/. live.
  107. Web site: Tracking Congress In The Age Of Trump . Bycoffe . Aaron . July 3, 2020 . FiveThirtyEight . en . July 3, 2020 . January 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190102194848/https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/congress-trump-score/ . live .
  108. Web site: Members. Afterschool Alliance. April 30, 2018. October 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181012024233/http://www.afterschoolalliance.org/policyCongressionalCaucuses.cfm. live.
  109. News: Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand tells Stephen Colbert she will run for president . Johnson . Jenna . January 15, 2019 . . January 16, 2019 . January 16, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190116011751/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sen-kirsten-gillibrand-tells-stephen-colbert-she-will-run-for-president/2019/01/15/5de9103e-0eb2-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html . live .
  110. News: Merica . Dan . Kirsten Gillibrand to enter 2020 presidential race . January 15, 2019 . CNN . January 15, 2019 . January 15, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190115191835/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/15/politics/kirsten-gillibrand-2020-presidential-race/index.html . live .
  111. Web site: Form 3P for Gillibrand 2020 . February 23, 2020 . August 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200803011010/https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00694018/1358208/ . live .
  112. Web site: Kirsten Gillibrand formally enters 2020 race with announcement on Colbert's "Late Show" . CBS News . Segers, Grace . January 15, 2019 . en-US . January 16, 2019 . January 16, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190116000518/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kirsten-gillibrand-2020-new-york-senator-announces-shes-running-for-president-stephen-colberts-the-late-show-today-2019-01-15/ . live .
  113. News: Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand tells Stephen Colbert she will run for president . Johnson . Jenna . January 15, 2019 . The Washington Post . January 15, 2019 . en . January 16, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190116011751/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sen-kirsten-gillibrand-tells-stephen-colbert-she-will-run-for-president/2019/01/15/5de9103e-0eb2-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html . live .
  114. Web site: Form 1 for Gillibrand 2020 Exploratory Committee . docquery.fec.gov . January 26, 2019 . en . January 17, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190117013407/http://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00694018/1304854/ . live .
  115. News: December 12, 2017 . O'Keefe . Ed . Already on the 2020 radar, Kirsten Gillibrand catapulted into the spotlight by President Trump . The Washington Post . April 1, 2019 . June 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210617222747/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/12/12/already-on-the-2020-radar-kirsten-gillibrand-catapulted-into-the-spotlight-by-president-trump/?noredirect=on . live .
  116. News: Goldmacher . October 20, 2018 . Shane . Gillibrand's (Lack of) Spending in 2018 Offers Hints of 2020 . The New York Times . April 1, 2019 . April 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190402024932/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/nyregion/gillibrand-campaign-spending.html . live .
  117. News: Kirsten Gillibrand Officially Enters 2020 Democratic Race . Goldmacher . Shane . March 17, 2019 . The New York Times . April 8, 2019 . en-US . 0362-4331 . December 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143651/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/17/us/politics/gillibrand-2020-announce.html . live .
  118. Gillibrand . Kirsten . SenGillibrand . 1107235330992812032 . March 17, 2019 . I'm running for president. Let's prove that brave wins . en.
  119. Web site: Democratic Presidential Candidates Say 'No' To Corporate PAC Money . NPR.org . Overby, Peter . February 1, 2019 . en . February 4, 2019 . February 1, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190201230636/https://www.npr.org/2019/02/01/690618851/democratic-presidential-candidates-say-no-to-corporate-pac-money . live .
  120. News: Kirsten Gillibrand drops out of the presidential race . Segers . Grace . August 29, 2019 . . en-US . September 1, 2019 . August 29, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190829205637/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kirsten-gillibrand-drops-out-2020-democratic-presidential-candidate-announces-shes-withdrawing-from-race/ . live .
  121. News: Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand ends once-promising presidential bid . Weissert, Will . . August 28, 2019 . August 28, 2019 . August 28, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190828223405/https://www.yahoo.com/news/sen-gillibrand-says-shes-ending-214152203.html . live .
  122. News: Kirsten Gillibrand Drops Out of 2020 Democratic Presidential Race . Burns . Alexander . Alex Burns (journalist) . August 28, 2019 . . August 29, 2019 . en-US . 0362-4331 . June 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200603061309/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/28/us/politics/kirsten-gillibrand-2020-drop-out.html . live .
  123. Web site: Oprysko . Caitlin . 16 January 2019 . Gillibrand downplays potential for donor backlash over Franken scandal: ‘That’s on them’ . live . Politico.
  124. Web site: 2019-07-22 . Franken says he 'absolutely' regrets resigning from Senate . 2024-07-23 . AP News . en.
  125. Web site: 2018-02-12 . Kirsten Gillibrand Only Regrets Not Calling For Al Franken To Quit Sooner . 2024-07-23 . HuffPost . en.
  126. Web site: Korecki . Natasha . Nahmias . Laura . 29 November 2018 . Franken scandal haunts Gillibrand’s 2020 chances . live . Politico.
  127. Web site: 2019-07-03 . The ghost of Al Franken and the mystery of the Gillibrand campaign's failure to launch . 2024-07-23 . NBC News . en.
  128. News: 'I will stand up for what I believe in' Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand says — but what she believes quickly changed as she moved from House to Senate. Viebeck. Elise. January 20, 2019. The Washington Post. September 23, 2020. December 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201202064807/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/i-will-stand-up-for-what-i-believe-in-sen-kirsten-gillibrand-says--but-what-she-believes-quickly-changed-as-she-moved-from-house-to-senate/2019/01/19/1534b4ce-1b55-11e9-9ebf-c5fed1b7a081_story.html. live.
  129. News: The New York Times . Paterson Picks Gillibrand for Senate Seat . Hakim, Danny . Confessore, Nicholas . January 23, 2000 . January 23, 2009 . September 28, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130928092241/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/24/nyregion/24choice.html?ref=nyregion . live .
  130. Web site: Gillibrand, MoveOn 'Hero'. nydailynews.com. January 1, 2022. January 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220101113448/https://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/gillibrand-moveon-hero-blog-entry-1.1677062. live.
  131. Web site: Where Kirsten Gillibrand stands on the biggest 2020 issues. politico.com. August 28, 2019 . January 1, 2022. January 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220101120515/https://www.politico.com/2020-election/candidates-views-on-the-issues/kirsten-gillibrand/. live.
  132. Web site: Who are the Blue Dogs? - Boston.com. archive.boston.com. January 1, 2022. January 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220101113450/http://archive.boston.com/news/nation/gallery/Blue_Dog_Democrats/. live.
  133. Web site: Kirsten Gillibrand 2020? Not with her Wall Street problem.. April 11, 2017. The Week. October 7, 2018. Cooper, Ryan. October 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181007155136/http://theweek.com/articles/691363/kirsten-gillibrand-2020-not-wall-street-problem. live.
  134. Web site: The evolution of Kirsten Gillibrand. Newsday. Ngo, Emily. July 14, 2018. October 7, 2018. October 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181007155132/https://www.newsday.com/news/nation/kirsten-gillibrand-new-york-senate-1.19819098. live.
  135. News: Gillibrand Backs Gun Control Bill . Dlouhy . Jennifer A. . Times Union (Albany) . A3 . February 27, 2009 . February 7, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110723210145/http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=7544955 . dead . July 23, 2011 .
  136. News: Chokshi . Niraj . Hundreds Arrested During Women's Immigration Protest in Washington . January 20, 2019 . The New York Times . June 29, 2018 . 'It has become a deportation force,' Ms. Gillibrand said on Twitter on Friday. 'We need to separate immigration issues from criminal justice. We need to abolish ICE, start over and build something that actually works.' . November 15, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201115164111/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/29/us/politics/womens-march-arrests-dc.html . live .
  137. News: Cochrane . Emily . Trump Attacks Democrats on Calls to Abolish ICE . January 20, 2019 . The New York Times . July 1, 2018 . 'I believe you should get rid of it, start over, reimagine it and build something that actually works,' Ms. Gillibrand said on CNN. . February 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225072757/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/us/politics/trump-interview-ice-trade-nafta.html . live .
  138. News: Draper . Robert . Robert Draper . The Democrats Have an Immigration Problem . January 20, 2019 . The New York Times Magazine . October 10, 2018 . She said, 'I think you should reimagine ICE under a new agency with a very different mission.' . January 21, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064337/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/10/magazine/the-democrats-have-an-immigration-problem.html . live .
  139. Web site: Gillibrand swings left on economics. Ben. Adler. May 1, 2018. City & State. October 7, 2018. October 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181007155057/https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/politics/news-politics/gillibrand-swings-left-economics.html. live.
  140. News: 2020 hopeful Gillibrand unveils plan to legalize marijuana . February 8, 2024 . Associated Press . June 5, 2019.
  141. Web site: Issues: Right to Choose . Office of Senator Kirsten Gillibrand . February 28, 2011 . February 3, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110203093630/http://gillibrand.senate.gov/issues/issue/?id=57cd61b3-dc1b-4613-b528-40a874429dc9 . live .
  142. News: Goldmacher . Shane . As Gillibrand Pushes Left, Her Economic Agenda Tilts to Populism . January 20, 2019 . The New York Times . July 24, 2018 . She is now aligned with four of the key platform planks of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the 28-year-old Democratic socialist who shocked the political world when she beat Representative Joseph Crowley last month in a Democratic primary in New York. Both support Medicare-for-all (which Ms. Gillibrand backed in her first 2006 House race), a federal jobs guarantee, rejecting corporate PAC funds and abolishing ICE. . January 20, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190120052356/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/24/nyregion/kirsten-gillibrand-2020-economic-agenda.html . live .
  143. News: Khimm . Suzy . 'Medicare for All' Isn't Sounding So Crazy Anymore . January 16, 2019 . The New York Times . July 15, 2017 . "Health care should be a right. It should never be a privilege," Gillibrand, recently asserted. "We should have Medicare for all in this country." . January 15, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190115090613/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/15/opinion/sunday/medicare-for-all-isnt-sounding-so-crazy-anymore.html . live .
  144. Web site: Kirsten Gillibrand on Government Reform . . December 15, 2010 . February 28, 2011 . December 29, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101229083927/http://ontheissues.org/NY/Kirsten_Gillibrand_Government_Reform.htm . live .
  145. Web site: 43 Senators Want to Make It a Federal Crime to Boycott Israeli Settlements. Levitz. Eric. July 19, 2017. Intelligencer. en. February 18, 2019. July 27, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200727013113/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/07/senate-bill-would-make-it-a-federal-crime-to-boycott-israel.html. live.
  146. Web site: Cosponsors - S.720 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Israel Anti-Boycott Act. March 23, 2017. www.congress.gov. February 20, 2019. June 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200621142604/https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/720/cosponsors. live.
  147. Web site: Taylor-Vuolo . Phoebe . Gillibrand outlines new legislation to address traumatic brain injuries in U.S. service members . WXXI . 17 July 2024.
  148. Web site: Goldmacher. Shane. Flegenheimer. Matt. Kirsten Gillibrand, Long a Champion of Women, Finds the Nation Joining Her. The New York Times. December 16, 2017. September 23, 2020. November 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109025336/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/us/politics/senator-kirsten-gillibrand-trump-women-sexual-harassment.html. live.
  149. News: Schor. Elana. Kim. Seung Min. More than two dozen Democratic senators call on Franken to resign. December 6, 2017. Politico. December 6, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171206182739/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/06/gillibrand-calls-on-franken-to-resign-282112. December 6, 2017.
  150. Backlash . . December 13, 2017 . Drew, Elizabeth . Elizabeth Drew . December 13, 2017 . December 13, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171213230707/https://newrepublic.com/article/146255/backlash . live .
  151. Mayer . Jane . Jane Mayer . The Case of Al Franken . . July 23, 2019 . July 29, 2019 . July 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190722182057/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/29/the-case-of-al-franken . live .
  152. News: Bill Clinton Should Have Resigned Over Lewinsky Affair, Kirsten Gillibrand Says. The New York Times. Steinhauer. Jennifer. November 16, 2017. October 1, 2018. November 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171117023246/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/us/politics/gillibrand-bill-clinton-sexual-misconduct.html. live.
  153. News: Bill Clinton: Kirsten Gillibrand 'living in a different context' on resignation remark. Democrat and Chronicle. Spector. Joseph. May 31, 2018. October 1, 2018. October 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181007155245/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/politics/albany/2018/05/31/bill-clinton-responds-kirsten-gillibrands-call-he-shouldve-resigned/661039002/. live.
  154. Web site: Former Gillibrand aide resigned in protest over handling of sex harassment claims. Alex. Thompson. Daniel. Strauss. Politico. March 11, 2019. January 1, 2022. April 14, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230414122203/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/03/11/gillibrand-sexual-harassment-1214831. live.
  155. News: Gillibrand lists Rensselaer County home for sale. Michael. Williams. Lauren. Stanforth. June 14, 2020. Times Union. November 1, 2021. November 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211101193530/https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Gillibrand-lists-Rensselaer-County-home-for-sale-15338468.php. live.
  156. News: Gillibrand Buys Home Outside Troy . Bryce . Jill . Times Union . Albany . February 11, 2011 . February 11, 2011 . February 14, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110214084248/http://www.timesunion.com/business/article/Gillibrand-buys-home-outside-Troy-1009307.php . live .
  157. Web site: Sen. Gillibrand has yet to buy another N.Y. home, fueling speculation of interest in Biden administration. Chris Sommerfeldt, Denis. Slattery. nydailynews.com. November 20, 2020 . January 1, 2022. January 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220101115706/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/new-york-elections-government/ny-new-york-sen-gillibrand-biden-20201120-pua66nrckbfjtgnqxojada6tme-story.html. live.
  158. Web site: Gillibrand looking for home in Placid area. Adirondack Daily Enterprise. January 1, 2022. January 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220101115705/https://www.adirondackdailyenterprise.com/news/local-news/2020/06/gillibrand-looking-for-home-in-placid-area/. live.
  159. Web site: U.S. Presidents and Current Leaders in Federal Government . 2023-02-21 . Omicron Delta Kappa . en-US . February 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203138/https://odk.org/leadersinfederalgovernment/ . live .
  160. Book: Gillibrand, Kirsten. Off the Sidelines: Raise Your Voice, Change the World. Ballantine Books. 2014. 978-0804179072. registration.
  161. News: The Gillibrand mystique: Is memoir a step along presidential pathway? . Torregrosa . Luisita Lopez . The Washington Post Magazine . September 4, 2014 . September 7, 2014 . September 7, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140907004202/http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/the-gillibrand-mystique-is-memoir-a-step-along-presidential-pathway/2014/09/04/c6ba6346-23c6-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html . live .
  162. News: Senator Says Male Colleague Told Her 'You're Even Pretty When You're Fat' . Rhodan . Maya . . August 27, 2014 . September 7, 2014 . September 6, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140906200527/http://time.com/3197103/kirsten-gillibrand-senate-sexism/ . live .
  163. News: Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand: 'I Will Help Hillary Get Elected' . Fowler . Tara . Sandra Sobieraj . . August 27, 2014 . September 7, 2014 . September 7, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140907013851/http://www.people.com/article/kirsten-gillibrand-hillary-clinton-president . live .
  164. News: Gillibrand book debuts on Times' best-seller list . Pillifant . Reid . Capital New York . CapNY, LLC . September 19, 2014 . September 30, 2014 . October 6, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006170548/http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2014/09/8552981/gillibrand-book-debuts-times-best-seller-list . live .

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