| Kinji Imanishi | |
| Native Name: | 今西錦司 |
| Birth Date: | 6 January 1902 |
| Birth Place: | Kyoto |
| Death Place: | Kyoto |
| Nationality: | Japan |
| Field: | ecology anthropology |
| Alma Mater: | Kyoto Imperial University |
| Thesis Title: | Mayfly from the Japanese mountain streams |
| Thesis Url: | https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/500000311738 |
| Thesis Year: | 1939 |
| Doctoral Students: | Junichiro Itani Masao Kawai |
| Known For: | Theory of Habitat segregation Imanishi Group |
| Awards: | Asahi Prize Person of Cultural Merit |
| Kanji: | 今西 錦司 |
| Hiragana: | いまにしきんじ |
| Revhep: | Imanishi Kinji |
| Tradhep: | Imanishi Kinji |
| Kunrei: | Imanisi Kinzi |
| Nihon: | Imanisi Kinzi |
was a Japanese ecologist and anthropologist. He was the founder of Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute and, together with Junichiro Itani, is considered one of the founders of Japanese primatology.
Kinji Imanishi was born and raised in Kyoto. He studied at the Third High School from 1920 to 1925. He joined the mountaineering club for students and made friends with Takeo Kuwabara, Eizaburo Nishibori, etc. He entered Kyoto Imperial University in April 1925. He belonged to the School of Agriculture and measured biology. After getting the BA degree, he entered graduate school at the same university.
Kinji became the special lecturer of his alma mater in March 1933.[1] Kinji and Kani Tokichi (可児 藤吉)[2] were interested in the ecological difference between insects which depend on the parts of a river. They built a theory of ecological niche. In 1928, he received his Doctor of Science. The title of his doctoral dissertation was "Mayflies in Japanese mountain streams" (日本渓流産蜉蝣目).[3] He joined as a member of the Mongolian expedition of Kyoto Imperial University in the same year, where he demonstrated the skill of mountaineering and survival from his high school days.
He was appointed researcher at the Institute for Life Sciences of Asia, under the jurisdiction of East Asia Development Board, in 1929. As a researcher, he traveled in Pohnpei ilands for research. Next, he went on an expedition to the northern area of Greater Khingan in May 1941 (until July 1941). When the Northwest Research Institute[4] was established in Spring 1944, he assumed the president.[5]
He was back to a lecturer at Kyoto University, School of Agriculture. He belonged the Kyoto University Research Centre for the Cultural Sciences from August 1950. He led the Manaslu expedition in 1952. Next, he led the Scientific expedition of Karakorum-Hindu Kush from 1955.[6]
In 1956, he built the Japan Monkey Centre at Inuyama, which is a zoological garden of primates (The southern side of this center exist the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto university[7]). He was promoted to professor of the Kyoto University Research Centre for the Cultural Sciences in 1959. He was the chief of the Research team of Hominidae in three expeditions: 1961, 1963, and 1964.[8] He retired to Kyoto University in 1965.
After the retirement of Kyoto University, he was a professor at Okayama University (May 1965-May 1966). From June 1966, he served the fourth Principal (academia)|principal]] of Gifu University (until June 1973). Kinji's long-cherished desire attained in 1967, Primate Research Institute was founded in 1967.
He loved mountain climbing all his life,[9] and was the chairman of Japanese Alpine Club from 1973 to 1976.
Imanishi and his students did foundational research on the behavior and social life of semi-wild horses and later of macaques, identifying individuals and making detailed observations on them over generations. This has led to important insights into animal culture. Imanishi introduced the Japanese term kaluchua which was later translated by Masao Kawai and others to refer to socially learned behaviors as "pre-culture".
In 1957, Imanishi founded the journal Primates, which is the oldest and longest-running international primatology journal in the world.
Imanishi's concept of species society is central to his views of the interconnectedness of things in nature. The world of species has been viewed as a social phenomenon, in which various individuals are continually contributing to the maintenance and perpetuation of the species society to which they belong.
His works were compiled as "complete works of Kinji Imanishi" 今西錦司全集(thirteen-volumes).