Kingena Explained

Kingena is an extinct genus of primarily Cretaceous-aged brachiopods of the family Kingenidae^[1] whose fossils are found in marine strata of Antarctica, Europe, and New Zealand.^{[2] [3]} Early Paleocene-aged fossils from Denmark represent the youngest species.^[4]

Taxonomy

Nearctic members have been excluded from this genus by Owen in 1970 and instead represent a separate genus, Waconella.

Select species

• Kingena blackmorei Owen, 1970
• Kingena concinna Owen, 1970
• Kingena elegans Owen, 1970
• Kingena limburgica Simon, 2005^[5]
• Kingena mesembrina (Etheridge, 1913)^[6]
• Kingena pentangulata Woodward, 1833
• Kingena simiensis Waring, 1917^[7]

Notes and References

1. Bitner . Maria Aleksandra . Motchurova-Dekova . Neda . 2005 . Brachiopods from the Sanadinovo Formation (Lower Cenomanian) in northern Bulgaria . Cretaceous Research . 26 . 4 . 525–539 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2005.02.008. 2005CrRes..26..525B .
2. Owen . Ellis Frederic . 1970 . A Revision of the Brachiopod Subfamily Kingeninae Elliott . Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, London (Geology) . 19 . 29–83.
3. Book: Kaesler . R.L. . Williams . Alwyn . Sandy . M.R. . Carlson . S.J. . Lee . D.E. . Johnson . J.G. . Smirnova . T.N. . Jin . Yu-Gan . Hou . Hong-Fei . Carter . J.L. . Gourvennec . Rémy . Racheboeuf . P.R. . Brunton . C.H.C. . Dagys . A.S. . Curry . G.B. . Baker . P.G. . Sun . Dong-Li . MacKinnon . D.I. . 2006 . Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, Brachiopoda (Revised) . 5 . New York & Lawrence . Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press . 1689–2320.
4. Surlyk . F. . Johansen . M.B. . 1984 . End-Cretaceous brachiopod extinctions in the chalk of Denmark . Science . 223 . 4641 . 1174–1177 . 10.1126/science.223.4641.1174 . 17742931 . 1984Sci...223.1174S .
5. Simon . E. . 2005 . New Lower Maastrichtian brachiopods (Gulpen Formation, Vijlen Member) from southern Limburg (The Netherlands) . Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre . 75 . 127–165 . December 22, 2021.
6. Sandy . Michael R. . 1991 . Cretaceous Brachiopods from James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula, and Their Paleobiogeographic Affinities . Journal of Paleontology . 65 . 3 . 396–411 . 10.1017/S0022336000030377 . 1305787 . 1991JPal...65..396S . December 22, 2021.
7. Waring . C.A. . 1917 . Stratigraphic and faunal relations of the Martinez to the Chico and Tejon of Southern California . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences . 7 . 4 . 41–124 . December 22, 2021.