Sind State Explained

Life Span:1593–1843
Conventional Long Name:Thatta Subah
Sind State
Religion:Sunni Islam (official from 1593 to 1783), Shia Islam (official from 1783 to 1843), Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Christianity
Government Type:
Event Pre:Surrender of Jani Beg Tarkhan to Emperor Akbar at Lahore
Date Pre:28 March 1593
Event Start:Independence from Mughal Empire
Year Start:1737
Event End:Battle of Hyderabad
Date End:24 March
Year End:1843
Event1:Third Battle of Panipat
Date Event1:14 January 1761
Event4:Battle of Miani
Date Event4:17 February 1843
Date Event2:1783
Event2:Transfer of power from Kalhoras to Talpurs
Event3:Alliance with the East India Company
Date Event3:1809
P1:Mughal Empire
Flag P1:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg
Border P1:no
P2:Tarkhan dynasty
S1:Bombay Presidency
Flag S1:Red Ensign of the Bombay Presidency.png
Border S1:no
S2:Khairpur State
Flag S2:Khairpurflag.png
Border S2:no
Flag Type:Left: Black Standard of the Kalhora dynasty
Right: Flag (1783–1843)
Image Map2:Talpur Map 1823.png
Image Map2 Caption:Sind under the Talpur dynasty,
Image Map Caption:Sind under the Kalhora dynasty,
Demonym:Sindhi
Common Languages:Persian (official), Sindhi (regional), Balochi (dynastic), Rajasthani, Hindustani, English
Stat Area1:140914
Currency:Rupee
Ethnic Groups:[1]
Representative1:Noor Mohammad Kalhoro (first)
Representative2:Abdul Nabi Kalhoro (last)
Year Representative1:1737–1755
Year Representative2:1775–1783
Title Representative:Nawab
Title Leader:Subahdar
Leader1:Patar Das Khattari (first)
Year Leader1:1593–1594
Leader2:Sadiq Ali Khan (last)
Year Leader2:1736–1737
Title Deputy:Mir
Deputy1:Fateh Ali Talpur (first)
Year Deputy1:1783–1801
Deputy2:Nasir Khan Talpur (last)
Year Deputy2:1840–1843
Today:Pakistan
∟ Sindh
India
∟ Rajasthan

The Thatta Subah (1593–1737) or Sind State (1737–1843), was a Mughal subah, then a proto-state, and lastly a princely state in the Sindh region of the Indian subcontinent until its annexation by the British in 1843. The name Sind, now obsolete, was once the anglicized name of the state, which was also adopted by the British to refer to its division.

Geography

The Thatta Subah was bordered to the north by the Multan Subah, to the west by the Safavid Empire and later the Khanate of Kalat, to the east by the Ajmer Subah and to the south by the Gujarat Subah and the Arabian Sea.

History

The area was ruled from 1593 to 1737 by the Subahdar, who was directly appointed by the Mughal Emperor from Delhi. Sind broke away from the Mughal Empire in 1737 and asserted autonomy under the Kalhora Nawabs. In 1783, the Talpur Mirs revolted and replaced the Kalhoras in the Battle of Halani. Sind gradually became a princely state to come under British paramountcy signing a subsidiary alliance agreement in 1809. After the Anglo–Sind War, Sind was annexed by the East India Company and was made a part of the Bombay Presidency.

List of Subahdars, Nawabs and Mirs

Subahdars

TitlePersonal NameReign Serving Monarch Notes
Subahdar
Rao Patar Das Khattari
28 March 1593  - 1594Akbar
Removed due to unpopularity among locals.
Subahdar
Mirza Jani Beg Tarkhan
1594  - 1 February 1601Akbar
Subahdar
Mirza Ghazi Beg Tarkhan
1 February 1601  - 12 April 1612Akbar

Jahangir
Subahdar
Muzaffer Khan Mir Abd al-Razzaq Mamuri
1612–1614Jahangir
Subahdar
Mirza Rustam Safavi
1614–1615Jahangir
Subahdar
Taj Khan Tash Beg
1614–1615Jahangir
Subahdar
Arsalan Beg Shamsher Khan Uzbek
1615–1617Jahangir
Subahdar
Khan-i-Dauran Mirza Shah Beg Arghun Khan
1617–1617Jahangir
Subahdar
Muzaffer Khan Mir Abd al-Razzaq Mamuri
1617–1618Jahangir
Subahdar
Khan-i-Dauran Mirza Shah Beg Arghun Khan
1618–1619Jahangir
Subahdar
Mustafa Khan Sayyid Bayazid Bukhari
1619–1623 Jahangir
Scion of the Uch's Bukhari clan, he first served as the Faujdar of Bukkur. He was granted 2,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry as well. Also written as Syed Bazayd Bukhari.
Subahdar
Salaf-ud-Din Muhammad Shahryar
13 October 1625  - 1626Jahangir
Subahdar
Mirza Abu Saeed
1626–1627Jahangir
an Iranian, the nephew of Empress Nur Jahan.
Subahdar
Muhammad Isa Khan Tarkhan II
1627–1628Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Sher Khwaja Baqi Khan
1628–1628Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Mir Hussam al-Din Murtaza Khan Anju
1628–1629Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Amir Khan Mir Abul Baqa
1629–1631Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Yusuf Muhammad Khan Tashqandi
1631–1635Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Khawas Khan Daulat Khan Mayi
1635–1640Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Khwaja Kāmgār Ghayrat Khan
1640–1641Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Shad Khan
1641–1643Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Amir Khan Mir Abul Baqa
1643–1647Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Mughal Khan
1647–1649Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Muhi al-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb
1649–1653Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Sardar Khan Shahjahani
1653–1653Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Zafar Khan Khwaja Ahsanullah
1653–1655Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Mirza Sipihr Shikoh
1655–1658Shah Jahan
Subahdar
Qabad Khan Mir Akhur
1658–1660Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Yadgar Beg Lashkar Khan
1660–1662Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Izzat Khan Sayyid Abd al-Razzak Gilani
1662–1664Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Ghazanfar Khan
1664–1666Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Izzat Khan Sayyid Abd al-Razzak Gilani
1666–1669Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Abu Nusrat Khan
1669–1671Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Saadat Khan
1671–1673Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Izzat Khan Sayyid Abd al-Razzak Gilani
1673–1679Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Khana Zaad Khan
1679–1683Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Sardar Khan
1683–1687Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Murid Khan
1687–1689Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Zabardast Khan
1689–1689Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Abu Nusrat Khan
1689–1691Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Hifzullah Khan
1691–1701Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Saeed Khan
1701–1702Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Mir Amin al-Din Khan Husayn
1702–1703Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Yusuf Khan Tirmizi
1703–1704Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Ahmad Yar Khan
1704–1707Aurangzeb
Subahdar
Saeed Atr Khan Bahadur
1707–1709Azam Shah

Bahadur Shah I
Subahdar
Mahin Khan
1709–1711Bahadur Shah I
Subahdar
Shakir Khan
1711–1712Bahadur Shah I
Subahdar
Mahin Khan
1712–1712Jahandar Shah
Subahdar
Khwaja Muhammad Khalil Khan
1712–1713Jahandar Shah
Subahdar
Saeed Atr Khan Bahadur
1713–1714Farrukhsiyar
Subahdar
Yaqub Kashmiri
1714–1714Farrukhsiyar
Subahdar
Mir Muhammad Shujaat Khan Shafi
1714–1715Farrukhsiyar
Subahdar
Mir Lutf Ali Khan
1715–1719Farrukhsiyar
Subahdar
Azam Khan
1719–1719Rafi ud-Darajat
Subahdar
Mahabat Khan
1719–1722Shah Jahan II

Muhammad Shah
Subahdar
Sultan Mahmud Khan
1722–1724Muhammad Shah
Subahdar
Saifullah Khan
1724–1730Muhammad Shah
Subahdar
Sadiq Ali Khan
1730–1730Muhammad Shah
Subahdar
Dilerdil Khan
1730–1732Muhammad Shah
Subahdar
Himmet Dilerdil Khan
1732–1736Muhammad Shah
Subahdar
Sadiq Ali Khan
1736–1737Muhammad Shah
Deposed by Mian Noor Kalhoro who became the Nawab of Sindh.

Nawabs (Kalhora dynasty)

TitlePersonal NameReign
Nawab
Mian Noor Muhammad Khan Kalhoro
1737–1755 AD
Nawab
Mian Muradyad Muhammad Khan Kalhoro
1755–1757 AD
Nawab
Mian Ghulam Muhammad Shah Kalhoro
1757–1772 AD
Nawab
Mian Sarfaraz Muhammad Khan Kalhoro
1772–1775 AD
Nawab
Mian Abdul Nabi Muhammad Khan Kalhoro
1775–1783 AD

Mirs (Talpur dynasty)

Shahdadani Talpurs of Hyderabad

TitlePersonal NameReign
Mir
Fateh Ali Khan Talpur
1783–1801
Mir
Ghulam Ali Khan Talpur
1801–1811
Mir
Karam Ali Khan Talpur
1811–1828
Mir
Murad Ali Khan Talpur
1828–1833
Mir
Noor Muhammad Khan Talpur
1833–1840
Mir
Muhammad Naseer Khan Talpur
1840–1843

Sohrabani Talpurs of Khairpur

TitlePersonal NameReign
Mir
Sohrab Ali Khan Talpur
1783–1811
Mir
Rustam Ali Khan Talpur
1811–1842
Mir
Ali Murad Khan Talpur
1842–1894
Mir
Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur
1894 – 5 March 1909
Mir
Imam Bakhsh Khan Talpur
5 March 1909 – 8 February 1921
Mir
Ali Nawaz Khan Talpur
8 February 1921 – 25 December 1935
Mir
Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur II
25 December 1935 – 19 July 1947
Mir
George Ali Murad Khan Talpur II
19 July 1947 – 10 November 1954

Manikani Talpurs of Mirpur Khas

TitlePersonal NameReign
Mir
Tharo Ali Khan Talpur
1783 – 1806
Mir
Ali Murad Khan Talpur
1806 – 1829
Mir
Sher Muhammad Khan Talpur
1829 – 1843

Notes and References

  1. Book: Beasley . Edward. The Chartist General Charles James Napier, The Conquest of Sind, and Imperial Liberalism. 2016 . 214. Taylor & Francis. 9781315517285.

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