| Conventional Long Name: | Kingdom of France |
| Common Name: | France |
| Government Type: | Parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| Event Start: | Constitution adopted |
| Year Start: | 1791 |
| Date Start: | 3 September |
| Event End: | Republic proclaimed |
| Year End: | 1792 |
| Date End: | 21 September |
| Life Span: | 1791–1792 |
| Event Pre: | Flight to Varennes |
| Date Pre: | 20–21 June 1791 |
| Event1: | Storming of the Tuileries |
| Date Event1: | 10 August 1792 |
| P1: | Kingdom of France |
| Flag P1: | Royal Standard of the King of France.svg |
| S1: | French First Republic |
| Flag S1: | Flag of France (1790-1794).svg |
| Flag: | Flag of France |
| Symbol: | Coat of arms of France |
| Image Map Caption: | Kingdom of France, September 1791 – September 1792 |
| Capital: | Paris |
| National Motto: | La Nation, la Loi, le Roi "The Nation, the Law, the King" |
| National Anthem: | Marche Henri IV (1590–1830) |
| Common Languages: | French |
| Religion: | Roman Catholicism (state religion) |
| Currency: | Assignat |
| Leader1: | Louis XVI |
| Year Leader1: | 1791–1792 |
| Title Leader: | King of the French |
| Legislature: | Legislative Assembly |
| Demonym: | French |
| Cabinet Name: | Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI |
| Cabinet Type: | Cabinet |
| Jurisdiction: | Kingdom of France |
| Flag: | Flag of France (1790-1794).svg |
| Flag Border: | true |
| Government Head: | King Louis XVI |
| State Head: | King Louis XVI |
| Members Number: | 5 |
| Former Members Number: | 19 |
| Total Number: | 24 |
| Political Party: | Independents, Feuillants, Moderate Jacobins (1792) |
| Legislature Status: | Legislative Assembly |
| Opposition Party: | Jacobins |
| Opposition Leader: | Georges Couthon, Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud and others |
| Election: | 1791 |
| Legislature Term: | 6 September 1791 – 2 September 1792 |
| Successor: | Government of the National Convention |
The Kingdom of France (the remnant of the preceding absolutist Kingdom of France) was a constitutional monarchy from 3 September 1791 until 21 September 1792, when it was succeeded by the French First Republic.
On 3 September 1791, the National Constituent Assembly forced King Louis XVI to accept the French Constitution of 1791, thus turning the absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy.
After the 10 August 1792 Storming of the Tuileries Palace, the Legislative Assembly on 11 August 1792 suspended this constitutional monarchy.[1] The freshly elected National Convention abolished the monarchy on 21 September 1792, ending 203 years of consecutive Bourbon rule over France.
Since 1789, France had been undergoing a revolution in its government and social orders. A National Assembly declared itself into being and promulgated their intention to provide France with a fair and liberal constitution.[2] Louis XVI moved to Paris in October of that year, but grew to detest Paris, and organised an escape plot in 1791. The plot, known as the Flight to Varennes, ultimately failed to materialise and severely damaged any positive public opinion for the monarchy.[3] Louis XVIi's brothers-in-exile in Koblenz rallied for an invasion of France. Austria and Prussia responded to the royal brothers' appeals and released the Declaration of Pillnitz in August. The declaration stated that Prussia and Austria wished to restore Louis XVI to absolute power but would only attempt to do so with the assistance of the other European powers.[4]
Louis XVI was forced to submit to the Constitution of 1791 by the National Assembly in the aftermath of his Flight to Varennes.[5] The Constitution of 1791, which established the Kingdom of the French, was revolutionary in its content. It abolished the nobility of France and declared all men to be equal before the law. Louis XVI had the ability to veto legislation that he did not approve of, as legislation still needed Royal Assent to come into force.[6]
Louis XVI reluctantly declared war on Austria on 20 April 1792, bowing to the Assembly's wishes. Prussia allied with Austria and therefore France was at war with Prussia as well.[7] The Duke of Brunswick, Commander of the Austrian and Prussian military, issued the Brunswick Manifesto in 1792; it brought about the Storming of the Tuileries on the 10th of August. The manifesto explicitly threatened the people of Paris with dire repercussions if they in any way harmed Louis XVI or his family.[8] The Legislative Assembly was inundated with requests for the monarchy's demise. The President of the National Assembly responded by suspending the monarchy on 11 August, pending the outcome of elections for another assembly.[1] The newly elected National Convention, elected under universal male suffrage, abolished the monarchy on 21 September 1792 and proclaimed a republic.[9] Louis was executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793.
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"The French Revolution", Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1982,