Chungseon of Goryeo explained

King Chungseon of Goryeo
Korean: 고려 충선왕
Korean: 高麗 忠宣王
Succession1:King of Goryeo
1st reign
Reign1:1298–1298
Coronation1:1298
Predecessor1:Chungnyeol of Goryeo
Successor1:Chungnyeol of Goryeo
Succession2:King of Goryeo
2nd reign
Reign2:1308–1313
Coronation2:1308
Predecessor2:Chungnyeol of Goryeo
Successor2:Chungsuk of Goryeo
Succession3:Prince of Shen
Reign3:1308–1316
Coronation3:1308
Successor3:Wang Ko
Spouse-Type:Consort
Issue:Chungsuk of Goryeo
Prince Deokheung
Posthumous Name:
  • Great King Seonhyo
    (선효대왕, 宣孝大王; given by Goryeo dynasty)
  • King Chungseon
    (충선왕, 忠宣王; given by Yuan dynasty)
Full Name:
  • Goryeo: Wang Won (왕원, 王謜), later Wang Chang (왕장, 王璋)
  • Yuan: Ijir Bukhqa (이지르부카/익지례보화, 益知禮普花)
House:Wang
Dynasty:Goryeo
Father:Chungnyeol of Goryeo
Mother:Queen Jangmok
Birth Date:20 October 1275
Birth Place:Sapan Palace, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Death Place:Yeongyeong Mansion, Khanbaliq, Yuan Empire
Burial Place:Deokneung (덕릉, 德陵)
Religion:Buddhism
Hangul:충선왕
Rr:Chungseon Wang
Mr:Ch'ungsŏn Wang
Hangulborn:왕원, later 왕장
Hanjaborn:, later
Rrborn:Wang Won, later Wang Jang
Mrborn:Wang Wŏn, later Wang Chang
Hangulja:중앙
Rrja:Jungang
Mrja:Chungang
Korean name

King Chungseon of Goryeo (20 October 1275 – 23 June 1325), born Wang Wŏn, later changed his name to Wang Chang, also known by his Mongolian name Ijir Bukhqa (益知禮普花),[1] was the 26th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He reigned in 1298, and again from 1308 to 1313.

Adept at calligraphy and painting, rather than politics, he generally preferred the life in Dadu (the capital of the Yuan dynasty, present-day Beijing) to that in Gaegyeong (the capital of Goryeo, present-day Kaesong). He was the eldest son of King Chungnyeol and Queen Jangmok; since Wonjong of Goryeo requested to marry his son to a daughter of the Khan in 1269, which Kubilai obliged with the youngest one of his daughters. This made King Chungseon the first Goryeo monarch with Mongolian ancestry.[2]

Biography

In 1277, King Chungseon was confirmed as Crown Prince; the following year he travelled to China and received his Mongolian name.

In 1296, he married Borjigin Budashiri, a Yuan princess and great-granddaughter of Kublai Khan. However, he already had three Korean wives, who were daughters of the powerful nobles.

King Chungseon's mother died in 1297, and this was followed by a violent purge brought on by allegations that she had been murdered. Perhaps upset by these events, King Chungnyeol petitioned Yuan to abdicate the throne and was accordingly replaced by his son in 1298.[3] Faced with intense plotting between the faction of his Mongol Queen and his Korean wife, Royal Consort Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan, King Chungseon returned the throne to his father shortly thereafter.

As the grandson of Kublai Khan, Chungseon had significant sway in the Kuriltais of the early 14th century gathered to elect the new Khan. When Temür Khan's death spurred a competition to the throne, his wife Bulugan put Ananda as successor. Ayurbarwada, who was put to exile, rebelled with his brother Khayishan. King Chungseon who was their cousin, was intimate with them since his days in China, supported them. He supported Khayishan (Külüg Khan) to the throne in 1307, and supported Ayurbarwada (Buyantu Khan) to the throne in 1311. Thus he sat 7th in hierarchy in the empire after the sons of the Khan in their Kurultai.[4] [5]

Külüg Khan thanked his efforts by giving him a new title on top of his kingship of Goryeo, the Prince/King of Shenyang, in 1307[6] or 1308 specifically mentioned as thanks to his efforts of bringing the Khan to power.[7] After his father's death in 1308, King Chungseon obliged to return to the throne of Goryeo and made efforts to reform court politics, but spent as much time as possible in China. In 1310, his Chinese title was changed to Prince/King of Shen.[8] He is a very rare case of personal unions in East Asia.

He retired from the throne in 1313, and was replaced by his son, Wang Do. After the death of Buyantu Khan (Renzong of Yuan 元仁宗) in 1320, King Chungseon was briefly sent into exile to Tibet (lately Sakya) by the new Khan, but was permitted to return to Khanbaliq soon thereafter, where he died in 1325.

Family

  1. Borjigin Budashiri, Princess Supreme of Gye State(d. 1315) – No issue.
  2. Yasokjin, Royal Consort Ui (d. 1316)
    1. Wang Kam, Prince Gwangneung
    2. Wang To, Chungsuk of Goryeo
  3. Royal Consort Jeong of the Kaeseong Wang clan(d. 1345) – No issue.
  4. Royal Consort Cho of the Pungyang Cho clan – No issue.
  5. Lady Sunhwa, Royal Consort Won of the Namyang Hong clan(d. 1306) – No issue.
  6. Royal Consort Sun of the Yangcheon Heo clan (1271–1335) – No issue.
  7. Royal Consort Suk of the Eonyang Kim clan– No issue.
  8. Unknown
    1. Wang Hye, Prince Deokheung
    2. Princess Suchun

Popular culture

See also

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: 事大與保國 ── 元明之際的中韓關係 . 范永聰 . 香港教育圖書公司 . 2009 . 9789882003019 . zh-hk . 58 .
  2. News: Doo . Rumy . ‘The King Loves’ delves into destructive desire of Goryeo King . 1 February 2024 . The Korean Herald . July 4, 2017.
  3. News: 고려 충선왕, 유배 길에 오르다! . 1 February 2024 . December 19, 2009.
  4. 蒙·元제국 쿠릴타이(Quriltai) 연구 https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/121641/1/000000136576.pdf
  5. According to the Goryeosa (specifically)
  6. According to the History of Yuan (specifically, Chinese: 《[[s:zh:元史/卷022|元史·卷二十二·武宗一]]》).
  7. According to Goryeosa (specifically Chinese: 《[[s:zh:高丽史32卷|高麗史·卷三十二·世家]]》).
  8. According to the History of Yuan (specifically, 《元史·卷二十三·武宗二》).
  9. Web site: 高麗史/卷八十九 - 维基文库,自由的图书馆 . 2023-04-13 . zh.wikisource.org . zh.