Kimberley Motley Explained

Kimberley Motley
Nationality:American
Education:University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (BS, MS)
Marquette University (JD)
Occupation:International attorney, author
Notable Works:Lawless: A lawyer’s unrelenting fight for justice in a war zone

Kimberley Chongyon Motley is an American international human rights and civil rights lawyer. Motley was the first foreign attorney who litigated cases in Afghanistan.[1]

Early life and education

Motley's father was African-American and her mother was from rural North Korea. She is a former Mrs. Wisconsin and grew up in a “hard” Milwaukee neighborhood filled with poverty and crime.[2] Her parents met when her father was in the military and her mother immigrated to the U.S. She became interested in law after a teacher assigned Law & Order for class and after witnessing her father's legal fight for disability after being laid off after a car accident.[3]

Motley received an Associate of Arts and Sciences (A.A.S.) degree from Milwaukee Area Technical College in 1997. She received a B.A. degree from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 2000, and in 2003 received an M.A. from the same institution. In the same year, she earned a J.D. from Marquette University Law School.[4]

Career

In 2004, Motley was crowned Mrs. Wisconsin.[5]

In 2008, after working as a public defender in Milwaukee for five years, Motley went to Afghanistan as part of a nine-month legal education program run by the U.S. State Department to train Afghan lawyers.[6] She had never traveled outside the U.S. before. "In that nine months," she later recalled in a 2014 TED talk, "I went around the country and I talked to hundreds of people that were locked up, and I talked to many businesses that were also operating in Afghanistan. And within these conversations, I started hearing the connections between the businesses and the people, and how laws that were meant to protect them were being underused, while gross and illegal punitive measures were overused. And so this put me on a quest for justness, and what justness means to me is using laws for their intended purpose, which is to protect. The role of laws is to protect. So as a result, I decided to open up a private practice, and I became the first foreigner to litigate in Afghan courts." Motley has successfully represented numerous Afghan women pro bono in Afghanistan whose human rights were violated.[7]

At first she represented Westerners in Afghan prisons without legal representation.[8] "What I found," she later recalled, "is that most did not have proper legal representation. If they were English-speaking, they had no idea what was going on in court. I felt and still feel a great responsibility for them as a person and as a lawyer."

Motley's first defendant was an African woman convicted of drug trafficking. She was a drug mule sent to Afghanistan by a European pimp imprisoned for two years with her 3-year-old daughter. She was convicted and sentenced to 14 years in prison, and had gone through almost all of her legal options. Eventually, Motley was able to secure a presidential decree ordering the woman's release.[3]

Since 2009, Motley has been the CEO of Motley Legal Services, which provides legal representation in the U.S., Afghanistan, and other countries [4] She spends approximately nine months a year in Afghanistan, where she provides pro bono representation particularly for Afghan women on human-rights cases and persons charged with criminal offenses in Afghanistan.[3] Motley has worked in mentoring attorneys and on rule of law internationally.[6] She worked in Badam Bagh women's prison in Afghanistan giving pro bono legal advice.[9] She is registered as an attorney with the American, French, U.A.E., Australian, Spanish, Dutch, British, Italian, Norwegian, German, and Canadian Embassies in Afghanistan, and is thus routinely contacted by expatriates who are facing legal troubles with Afghan authorities.[10]

The Daily Beast stated in 2010, "and often her work starts after the verdict—as in the case of an Australian on death row, convicted of killing an Afghan colleague in self-defense; a South African sentenced to fifteen years in prison on drug charges, and a Brit convicted of fraud." For example, "she successfully won a not guilty verdict for the release of Bill Shaw, a former British military officer, who had been held in the notorious Pul-e-Charkhi prison for five months.

Motley studied Sharia, and "developed her own approach to operating in the Afghan courts," reported The Daily Beast. For example, "she never wears a veil or a dress" during a trial. She explained, "I need to look like a man as much as possible...I find that men hear me more when I don't wear a headscarf. I wore it at first, and when I took it off, I found men were more respectful."[10] [9]

As of 2010, Motley was under a threat from the Afghan District Attorney's office to arrest her next time she set foot in Kabul, as retribution for her harsh criticism of Afghanistan's corrupt judicial system. She had no hesitation about returning. She also noted that she received death threats and rape threats.[10] She has also "been temporarily detained" and "accused of running a brothel" and of espionage. A grenade was thrown at her office. But she has said that the rewards of her job "far outweigh the risks, and as many risks as I take, my clients take far greater risks, because they have a lot more to lose if their cases go unheard, or worse, if they're penalized for having me as their lawyer. With every case that I take, I realize that as much as I'm standing behind my clients, that they're also standing behind me, and that's what keeps me going."[6]

On June 21, 2014, Motley's husband, Claudiare Motley, was shot in Milwaukee after attending a high school reunion due to an attempted carjacking committed by Nathan King, a sixteen year old.[11] [12] Eventually King was shot while attempting another robbery and became paralyzed as a result.[13] Motley represented Claudiare and Victoria Davison, the woman who shot King, in court. On July 16, 2015, King was found guilty of the two counts of Attempted Armed Robbery against Motley and Davison and ultimately was sentenced to twelve years of initial confinement in prison to be followed by eight years of extended supervision.. A documentary about Motley's husband shooting entitled, When Claude Got Shot, won an Exceptional Merit in Documentary Filmmaking Emmy in 2022.[14]

On December 16, 2016, Motley went to Havana, Cuba to represent activist and artist Danilo Machado. While in Havana, Motley was arrested without charge and subsequently deported from Cuba. On January 21, 2017, Machado was released from El Combinado del Este prison without charge.[15]

In June 2021 Motley helped a decorated Afghan Air Force pilot Naiem Asadi and his family leave Afghanistan. The Taliban posted pictures of Major Asadi online with the instructions to, "Find him and kill him."[16] Motley helped the family obtain humanitarian parole visas to the U.S. In 2021, Motley was accused of by an Afghan couple for allegedly assisting US Marine Joshua Mast in the alleged abduction of an Afghan child, Motley has vehemently denied the claims.[17] [18]

In July 28, 2021 Wisconsin Judge Glenn Yamahiro found probable cause to charge Officer Joseph Mensah for the shooting and killing of Jay Anderson, Jr. on June 23, 2016.[19] [20] [21] The Anderson family is said to have used an obscure John Doe law option.[19] [22] Joseph Mensah is an officer who killed three males of color in less than five years time and the department found significant training issues.[23] [24]

A documentary about Motley's husband shooting entitled, When Claude Got Shot, won an Exceptional Merit in Documentary Filmmaking Emmy in September 2022.[25]

In May 8, 2023 Motley represented dozens of protestors in federal court alleged to have been targeted by police in the creation of a target list for their part in the 2020 George Floyd protests.[26] [27] [28]

Clients

Motley's clients have included:

Motley's Law (documentary film)

A documentary film entitled Motley's Law about Motley made by the Danish film production company Made in Copenhagen and directed by Nicole Nielsen Horanyi and produced by Helle Faber was released in October 2015.[94] It won the Grand Jury Prize Award at NYC DOC 2015.[95] [96]

It also won the AWFJ - Alliance of Women Film Journalists' EDA Award for Best Female-Directed Documentary at IDFA 2015.[97] Motley's Law was nominated for the FACT Award at CPH-DOX.[98] [99]

Publications

Books and reports

“Juvenile Justice Sentencing Guidelines for Afghanistan,” Italian Cooperation, 2nd Edition, May 2017.

“Juvenile Justice Sentencing Guidelines for Afghanistan,” Italian Cooperation, 1st Edition, May 2013.

“Assessment of Juvenile Justice in Afghanistan”, Terre des Hommes, 2010.

Articles

Notes and References

  1. News: Outspoken, American and a Woman: Afghanistan's Only Foreign Litigator Stands Out (Published 2016) . 4 March 2016 .
  2. The half-Korean, half-African-American former Mrs. Wisconsin grew up in a “hard” Milwaukee neighborhood filled with poverty and crime. Hers was also the only mixed-race family in an ethnically tense area.
  3. Web site: McClelland . Susan . 2013-06-10 . From Beauty Queen to War-Zone Lawyer . 2015-11-24 . The Daily Beast.
  4. Web site: Kimberely Motley. Linkedin.
  5. News: Forward . Joe . July 20, 2018 . Kimberley Motley: Spinning Playlist in Afghanistan and Beyond . Wisconsin Lawyer.
  6. Web site: Kimberely Motley . TED.
  7. Web site: Beauty and the East: The lone foreign lawyer in Afghanistan . 2024-07-04 . america.aljazeera.com.
  8. Web site: 2014-12-12 . How Can The Rule Of Law Bring "Justness" And Not Just Justice? . NPR.
  9. News: Jolly . David . 2016-03-04 . Outspoken, American and a Woman: Afghanistan’s Only Foreign Litigator Stands Out . 2024-07-04 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  10. News: Jordan . Elise . 2010-09-17 . A Beauty Queen Takes Kabul . The Daily Beast .
  11. Web site: Give crime victims a greater voice. www.jsonline.com. 2015-11-28.
  12. Web site: Teen who was shot, paralyzed by robbery target gets prison. www.jsonline.com. 2015-11-28.
  13. Web site: Teen accused of shooting carjacking victim gets shot by another would-be victim the following day (VIDEO). Guns.com. 2015-11-28. Jennifer. Cruz. 2014-07-14. 2017-05-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20170526222651/http://www.guns.com/2014/07/14/teen-accused-of-shooting-carjacking-victim-gets-shot-by-another-would-be-victim-the-following-day-video/. dead.
  14. Web site: When Claude Got Shot . 2024-07-04 . Television Academy . en.
  15. News: Artist 'El Sexto' walks out of prison in Cuba. Morejon. Andrea Torres, Liane. 2017-01-21. WPLG. en-US. 2017-01-22.
  16. News: Zucchino . David . Hayeri . Kiana . 2021-06-03 . ‘Find Him and Kill Him’: An Afghan Pilot’s Desperate Escape . 2024-07-04 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  17. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23168641-doc-59-motley
  18. News: Ali . Rozina . 2022-11-10 . ‘How Did This Man Think He Had the Right to Adopt This Baby?’ . 2024-07-04 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  19. Web site: Writer . Zoe Strozewski Staff . 2021-07-28 . Judge Overrules Prosecutors, Cop to be Charged with Shooting of Black Man . 2024-01-05 . Newsweek . en.
  20. Web site: Wisconsin judge finds probable cause to charge police officer in fatal shooting . 2024-01-05 . ABC News . en.
  21. Web site: 2021-07-28 . Judge finds probable cause to charge Joseph Mensah in death of Jay Anderson Jr. . 2024-01-05 . TMJ4 News . en.
  22. Web site: 2021-07-28 . Judge finds probable cause to charge Wisconsin cop in death . 2024-01-05 . AP News . en.
  23. Web site: Holmes . Isiah . 2020-12-01 . Tosa PD found 'significant training issues' in the Anderson shooting - Wisconsin Examiner % . 2024-01-05 . Wisconsin Examiner . en-US.
  24. Web site: 2020-11-18 . Wisconsin officer Joseph Mensah, who killed three people in five years, is resigning - CBS News . 2024-01-05 . www.cbsnews.com . en-US.
  25. Web site: When Claude Got Shot . 2024-07-04 . Television Academy . en.
  26. Web site: Holmes . Isiah . 2023-05-02 . Wauwatosa protester ‘target list’ trial begins . 2024-01-05 . Wisconsin Examiner . en-US.
  27. Web site: Protesters have a renewed 'fire' after a jury ruled Wauwatosa police didn't violate their privacy with a 2020 'target list' . 2024-01-05 . Journal Sentinel . en-US.
  28. Web site: Holmes . Isiah . 2023-05-03 . Wauwatosa protester 'target list' trial enters second day . 2024-01-05 . Wisconsin Examiner . en-US.
  29. News: Kuwait moves on Instagram slave traders. Pinnell. Owen. 2019-11-01. 2020-01-07. Kelly. Jess. en-GB.
  30. Web site: What you need to know about the online slave market. Coole. Maria. 2019-12-02. Marie Claire. en. 2020-01-07.
  31. Web site: Eritrean soccer players who defected say they live in fear. 2019-10-12. AP News. 2020-01-07.
  32. Web site: After Weeks on the Run, Eritrean Footballers in Uganda Plead for Resettlement. Voice of America. 20 November 2019 . en. 2020-01-07.
  33. Web site: The Five Eritrean Players Who Disappeared Before Football Tournament Semi Finals Are in Hiding. 2019-10-02. OkayAfrica. en. 2020-01-07.
  34. News: Activists scramble to prevent Uighur man's deportation to China. Graham-Harrison. Lily Kuo Emma. 2019-08-03. The Guardian. 2020-01-07. en-GB. 0261-3077.
  35. Web site: Uighur man threatened with deportation to China arrives in US after urgent appeal. SBS News. en. 2020-01-07.
  36. Web site: Uighur man threatened with deportation to China 'safely en route' to US. Middle East Eye. en. 2020-01-07.
  37. News: Attorney Representing El Sexto Arrested in Havana artnet News. 2016-12-19. artnet News. en-US. 2017-01-21.
  38. News: Cuban artist 'El Sexto' goes on hunger strike. Liane. Morejon. Andrea. Torres. 2016-12-03. WPLG. en-US. 2017-01-21.
  39. News: Cuban Artist and Activist El Sexto Abducted and Detained in Cuba Following Fidel Castro's Death. Martinez. Alexandra. 2016-11-27. Miami New Times. 2017-01-21.
  40. Web site: Meet Afghanistan's first female fixed-wing pilot. www.aljazeera.com. 2015-11-22.
  41. News: In Afghanistan, Death Threats Shatter Dream of First Female Pilot. Stancati. Margherita. The Wall Street Journal. 0099-9660. 2015-08-04 . 2015-11-22.
  42. News: Afghanistan's 1st woman pilot, 25, is seeking asylum in the U.S.. 2016-12-29. Women in the World in Association with The New York Times - WITW. en-US. 2016-12-31.
  43. News: First Female Pilot in Afghanistan Requests Asylum in U.S.. Stancati. Margherita. 2016-12-24. The Wall Street Journal. 0099-9660. 2016-12-31.
  44. News: Female Pilot's Asylum Request Riles Afghan Military Leadership. Stancati. Margherita. 2016-12-26. Amiri. Ehsanullah. The Wall Street Journal. 0099-9660. 2016-12-31.
  45. Web site: kimberley motley and anwar ibrahim - Yahoo Video Search Results. video.search.yahoo.com. 2016-10-05.
  46. Web site: Human rights lawyer fails to meet Anwar. Blake. Chen. FMT News. 2016-09-13. en-US. 2016-10-05.
  47. Web site: Motley meets Anwar, thanks Zahid for allowing meeting. Adam. Abu Bakar. Free Malaysia Today. en-US. 2016-09-14. 2016-10-05.
  48. Web site: Anwar's lawyers to seek house arrest if final review fails - Malaysiakini. www.malaysiakini.com. 2016-09-18. 2016-10-05.
  49. Web site: Umno's threats against Anwar's US lawyer a new low, says Latheefa - Malaysiakini. www.malaysiakini.com. 2016-09-16. 2016-10-05.
  50. Web site: kimberley motley and anwar ibrahim and jamal - Yahoo Video Search Results. video.search.yahoo.com. 2016-10-05.
  51. Web site: Seeing red, Jamal urges protest against Anwar's 'crazy' US lawyer. 2016-09-15. en-GB. 2016-10-05.
  52. Web site: Children abducted to Afghanistan returned to their mother. ABC News. 2015-11-22. en-AU. 2015-03-18.
  53. News: 'Snatched' boys found in Afghanistan and reunited with UK mother . BBC News. 2015-11-22. en-GB. 2014-08-14. Loyn. David.
  54. Web site: Kimberley Motley Speakers Oslo Freedom Forum. Oslo Freedom Forum. 2015-11-22.
  55. Web site: Kevin. Sites. The Former Beauty Queen Lawyering in Afghanistan's Sharia Courts . VICE. 2014-10-24. 2015-11-22. en-us.
  56. Web site: Two crime victims, one a CCW holder who shot boy, in court for 16-year-old's sentencing hearing. FOX6Now.com. 16 July 2015 . 2015-11-22.
  57. Web site: Hardly Justice for Farkhunda. Foreign Policy. 20 May 2015 . 2015-11-22.
  58. Web site: Failing Farkhunda means failing Afghan women. www.aljazeera.com. 2015-11-22.
  59. News: Afghan court quashes Farkhunda mob killing death sentences . BBC News. 2015-12-28. en-GB. 2015-07-02.
  60. News: U.S. contractor illegally detained in Afghanistan, officials say. Los Angeles Times. 2013-04-05. 2015-11-22. 0458-3035. en-US. Mark. Magnier.
  61. Web site: Afghanistan's Hunted Women update Gurublog. blogs.channel4.com. 2015-11-22. 2015-11-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20151122232305/http://blogs.channel4.com/gurublog/afghanistans-hunted-women-update/3996. dead.
  62. Web site: How I defend the rule of law. Kimberley. Motley. www.ted.com. TEDGlobal. 2014. 2015-11-22.
  63. Web site: Afghan rape victim Gulnaz freed from jail. Telegraph.co.uk. 2011-12-14. 2015-11-22.
  64. News: Freed Afghan rape victim Gulnaz 'may marry' attacker . BBC News. 2015-11-22. en-GB. 2011-12-15.
  65. Web site: An Afghan nightmare: Forced to marry your rapist - CNN.com. Nick Paton. Walsh. CNN. 2015-04-08. 2015-11-22.
  66. News: Afghan rape victim freed, may not have to marry her attacker. The Washington Post. 2011-12-15. 2015-11-22. 0190-8286. en-US. Elizabeth. Flock.
  67. Web site: Jailed Afghan rape victim to be freed with no conditions. CTVNews. 2 December 2011 . 2015-11-22.
  68. Web site: Building a Global Human Rights Economy. Zeitgeist Minds. 2015-11-22.
  69. News: British private security company employee jailed by Afghans amid crackdown. The Washington Post. 2010-12-10. 2015-11-22. 0190-8286. en-US. Ernesto. Londoño.
  70. Web site: Afghan sues police over daughter's murder - Al Jazeera Blogs. Al Jazeera Blogs. 2015-11-22.
  71. Web site: Subscribe to The Australian. www.theaustralian.com.au. 2016-10-05.
  72. News: Last Western Prisoner Leaves Afghanistan After Pardon. Donati. Jessica. 2016-08-08. The Wall Street Journal. 0099-9660. 2016-10-05.
  73. Web site: Ex-para Anthony Malone freed from Afghan jail. gazettelive. 2010-09-11. 2015-11-22.
  74. Web site: Very Last Word: Brokering a deal to save a child. MSNBC staff. msnbc.com. 2013-03-04 . 2015-11-22.
  75. News: Donor Pays Afghan Family's Debt, but Questions Remain. The New York Times. 2013-04-01. 2015-11-22. 0362-4331. Alissa J.. Rubin.
  76. News: Afghan Debt's Painful Payment: A Daughter, 6. The New York Times. 2013-03-31. 2015-11-22. 0362-4331. Alissa J.. Rubin.
  77. Web site: Tracy J Wholf • Producer News Correcting the New York Times. tracyjwholf.com. 2 April 2013 . 2015-11-22. en-US.
  78. Web site: Anonymous Donor Helps Afghan Girl Escape Child Marriage. The Huffington Post. 2 April 2013 . 2015-11-22.
  79. Web site: Save The Children: 6-Year-Old Afghan Girl Arranged To Marry To Settle Dad's Debt Rescued From Being Child Bride By American Lawyer [Video]]. Bossip. 2015-11-22. en-US. 2015-11-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20151122162611/http://bossip.com/753073/save-the-children-6-year-old-afghan-girl-arranged-to-marry-to-settle-dads-debt-rescued-from-being-child-bride-by-american-lawyer-video/. dead.
  80. Web site: Una abogada de talla internacional se ocupa de un caso de violación en Bolivia. www.noticiasfides.com. 2015-11-22.
  81. Web site: Juicio contra exmédico forense alerta a abogada estadounidense. www.lostiempos.com. 2015-11-22. es. 2016-01-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20160125113914/http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/local/20151004/juicio-contra-exmedico-forense-alerta-a-abogada_317853_704924.html. dead.
  82. Web site: Motley: Juicio a forense es ridículo y peligroso para niñez. Diario Opinión. 29 September 2015 . 2015-11-22. es.
  83. News: New President of Afghanistan Welcomes Back Times Reporter. The New York Times. 2014-10-05. 2015-11-22. 0362-4331. Azam. Ahmed.
  84. News: Afghanistan Defends Expulsion of a Times Reporter. The New York Times. 2014-08-21. 2015-11-22. 0362-4331. Rod. Nordland. Rick. Gladstone.
  85. Web site: Former British army officer acquitted of bribery charge - . Nic. Robertson. edition.cnn.com. CNN. 2015-11-22.
  86. Web site: Former British officer freed from Afghan prison . edition.cnn.com. CNN. 2010-07-08. 2015-11-22.
  87. News: No escape yet for Bill Shaw, the Briton cleared of bribery in Kabul. the Guardian. 2015-11-22. Aunohita Mojumdar in. Kabul. 4 July 2010 .
  88. News: Afghan man, detained for being Sikh, is released from prison. The Washington Post. 2012-02-01. 2015-11-22. 0190-8286. en-US. Ernesto. Londoño.
  89. Web site: 2 Milwaukee men sentenced in unrelated deaths. www.jsonline.com. 2015-11-22.
  90. Web site: Legal News: Philip Young To Be Released!. Feral Jundi. 2011-08-23. 2015-11-22. en-US. Matt.
  91. Web site: Britons freed in Afghanistan after weapons arrest . BBC News. 2012-03-20. 2015-11-22. en-GB.
  92. Web site: Two Britons arrested in Afghanistan released . BBC News. 2011-08-01. 2015-11-22. en-GB.
  93. Web site: Milwaukee Journal Sentinel - Google News Archive Search. news.google.com. 2015-11-22.
  94. Web site: Motley's Law. madeincopenhagen.dk. 2015-11-29. 2015-12-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20151208160131/http://madeincopenhagen.net/en/content/motleys-law. dead.
  95. Web site: 'Motley's Law' & 'Class Divide' Score Grand Jury Nods At DOC NYC. Jeremy. Gerard. Deadline. 2015-11-19. 2015-11-25. en-US.
  96. Web site: 'Motley's Law' and 'Class Divide' Win DOC NYC Grand Jury Prizes. Zack. Sharf. Indiewire. 2015-11-19. 2015-11-25.
  97. Web site: Fearless IDFA. www.idfa.nl. 2015-11-26.
  98. Web site: Serier & Temaer. CPH:DOX. 2015-11-22. 2015-11-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20151122200737/http://cphdox.dk/program/serier-og-temaer/?ser=2015007. dead.
  99. Web site: Bad ass defense lawyer opens this year's F:ACT Award. CPH:DOX. Adam. 2015-10-27. 2015-11-26. 2015-11-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20151127061300/http://cphdox.dk/en/bad-ass-defense-lawyer-opens-this-years-fact-award/. dead.
  100. Web site: Lawless - Kimberley Motley - 9781760633035 - Allen & Unwin - Australia . 2020-01-07 . www.allenandunwin.com.
  101. Web site: Amazon.com: Lawless: A lawyer's unrelenting fight for justice in a war zone eBook: Kimberley Motley: Kindle Store . 2020-01-07 . www.amazon.com.
  102. Web site: Lawless . 2020-01-07 . www.goodreads.com.
  103. News: Motley . Kimberley . 2015-05-20 . The mob killing of Farkhunda was a defining moment for women's rights in Afghanistan . Telegraph.co.uk . 2015-11-22.
  104. Web site: A Defining Moment . 2015-11-22 . www.tolonews.com.
  105. Web site: Is violence in Milwaukee worse than in Afghanistan? . 2015-11-22 . www.jsonline.com.
  106. News: Motley . Kimberly . 2012-01-04 . The immorality of Afghanistan's 'moral crimes' . en-US . The Washington Post . 2015-11-22 . 0190-8286.
  107. Web site: Motley . Kimberley . 2013-09-11 . The 9/11 Legacy for Afghan Women . 2015-11-22 . The Daily Beast.
  108. Web site: Juvenile Injustice in Afghanistan JusticeMakers . 2015-11-22 . justicemakers.ibj.org.
  109. Web site: An assessment of Juvenile Justice in Afghanistan . 2015-11-22 . Terre des hommes . 2016-03-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050758/http://www.tdh.ch/en/documents/an-assessment-of-juvenile-justice-in-afghanistan . dead .

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