Killing of Yoshihiro Hattori explained

Killing of Yoshihiro Hattori
Type:Child homicide by shooting

Child:yes
Participants:Bonnie Peairs (alerted Rodney)
Location:Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.
Motive:Erroneous belief that Hattori was trespassing with criminal intent; possibly racism
Assailant:Rodney Peairs
Victim:, aged 16
Weapon:.44 Magnum revolver
Charges:Manslaughter
Verdict:Not guilty
Litigation:Rodney Peairs found liable in civil trial, ordered to pay US$650,000 ($ today) to Hattori's parents in damages

was a Japanese student on an exchange program to the United States who was shot to death in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The shooting happened when Hattori, on his way to a Halloween party, went to the wrong house by mistake. Property owner Rodney Peairs fatally shot Hattori, erroneously thinking that he was trespassing with criminal intent. The killing and Peairs' trials received worldwide attention, initiating discussion about race relations and attitudes toward Asians in the United States.

Peairs was acquitted of manslaughter at a criminal trial, but at a civil trial he was found liable for Hattori's death. The court awarded Hattori's parents US$650,000 ($ today) against Peairs in damages.

Hattori's early life

Yoshihiro Hattori was born in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, the second of the three children of Masaichi Hattori, an engineer, and his wife Mieko Hattori. He was 16 years old when he went to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States, in August 1992 as part of the American Field Service (AFS) student exchange program; he had also received a scholarship from the Morita Foundation for his trip. Hattori was hosted as a homestay student in Baton Rouge by Richard and Holley Haymaker (a college professor and a physician, respectively) and their teenage son, Webb.[1]

Killing

Two months into his stay in the U.S., Hattori and his homestay brother Webb Haymaker received an invitation to a Halloween party on October 17, 1992, organized for Japanese exchange students. Hattori went dressed in a white tuxedo in imitation of John Travolta's character in the film Saturday Night Fever. At about 8p.m., Haymaker and Hattori drove to the neighborhood in East Baton Rouge Parish where the party was being held. The two youths mistook the residence of Rodney Peairs, a 30-year-old supermarket butcher,[2] and his wife Bonnie Peairs, for their intended destination due to the similarity of the address and the Halloween decorations on the outside of the house.[3]

Hattori and Haymaker walked to the house's front door and rang the doorbell. Nobody came to the front door, but Bonnie Peairs opened the side door leading to the carport and saw Haymaker standing a few yards away. Haymaker was wearing a neck brace due to a recent injury and bandages as part of a Halloween costume. He attempted to address Bonnie Peairs, but she later testified that she panicked when Hattori appeared from around the corner and moved briskly towards her. She slammed the door and told her husband Rodney to get his gun.

Outside, Haymaker concluded that he and Hattori had come to the wrong house. They were preparing to return to their car when Rodney Peairs opened the carport door, armed with a .44 Magnum revolver. Hattori stepped back towards Peairs, saying, "We're here for the party." Peairs pointed the gun at him and yelled, "Freeze!" Haymaker had caught sight of the firearm and shouted a warning after Hattori, but Hattori had limited English and was not wearing his contact lenses that evening; it is possible that he did not understand Peairs' command to "freeze" and did not see the weapon, or might even have thought that this was part of a Halloween prank. Hattori was also holding a camera which Peairs mistook for a weapon.[4] When Hattori continued moving towards Peairs, Peairs fired his gun at him from a distance of about away, hitting him in the chest, and then retreated back inside the house. Haymaker ran to the home next door for help, returning with a neighbor to find Hattori badly wounded and lying on his back. The Peairses did not come out of their house until the police arrived about forty minutes after the shooting. Bonnie Peairs shouted to a neighbor to "go away" when the neighbor called for help.[5] The shot pierced the upper and lower lobes of Hattori's left lung and exited through the area of the seventh rib; he died in an ambulance minutes later from blood loss.[6]

Legal proceedings

Criminal trial of Rodney Peairs

Initially, the Baton Rouge Police Department quickly questioned and released Rodney Peairs and declined to charge him with any crime because—in their view—Peairs had been "within his rights in shooting the trespasser".[7] Only after Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards and the Japanese consul in New Orleans protested was Peairs charged with manslaughter.

Peairs's defense was his claim that Hattori had an "extremely unusual manner of moving" that any reasonable person would find "scary". It emphasized that Peairs was an "average Joe", a man just like the jury members' neighbors, a man who "liked sugar in his grits".[8]

At trial, Peairs testified about the moment just before the shooting: "It was a person, coming from behind the car, moving real fast. At that point, I pointed the gun and hollered, 'Freeze!' The person kept coming toward me, moving very erratically. At that time, I hollered for him to stop. He didn't; he kept moving forward. I remember him laughing. I was scared to death. This person was not gonna stop, he was gonna do harm to me." Peairs testified that he shot Hattori once in the chest when the youth was about away. "I felt I had no choice," he said. "I'm very sorry that any of this ever happened." A police detective testified that Peairs had said to him, "Boy, I messed up; I made a mistake."[9]

District Attorney Doug Moreau concentrated on establishing that it had not been reasonable for Peairs, a 6inchesft2inchesin (ftin) tall, armed man, to be so fearful of a polite, friendly, unarmed, 130lb boy who rang the doorbell, even if he walked toward him unexpectedly in the carport, and that Peairs was not justified in using deadly force.

The defense further argued that Rodney Peairs was, in large part, reacting reasonably to his wife's panic. Bonnie Peairs testified for an hour about the incident, during which she also cried several times. "He [Hattori] was coming real fast towards me," she testified. "I had never had somebody come at me like that before. I was terrified." Rodney Peairs did not hesitate or question her but instead went to retrieve a handgun with a laser sight stored in a suitcase in the bedroom. "There was no thinking involved. I wish I could have thought. If I could have just thought," Bonnie Peairs said.[10] While giving a description of Hattori at the trial, Bonnie Peairs said, "I guess he appeared Oriental. He could have been Mexican or whatever. He was taller than me and his skin was darker colored."[11] [12]

The trial lasted seven days. The jury returned a not guilty verdict after deliberating for approximately three hours. Courtroom spectators applauded when the verdict was announced.

Civil trial

In a later civil action, however, the court found Rodney Peairs liable to Hattori's parents for US$650,000 in damages,[13] which they used to establish two charitable funds in their son's name; one to fund U.S. high school students wishing to visit Japan, and one to fund organizations that lobby for gun control.[14]

The lawyers for Hattori's parents argued that the Peairses had acted unreasonably: Bonnie Peairs overreacted to the presence of two teens outside her house; the couple behaved unreasonably by not communicating with each other to convey what exactly the perceived threat was; they had not taken the best path to safety—remaining inside the house and calling the police; they had erred in taking offensive action rather than defensive action; and Rodney Peairs had used his firearm too quickly, without assessing the situation, firing a warning shot, or shooting to wound. Furthermore, the much larger Peairs could easily have subdued the short, slightly built Hattori. Contrary to Rodney Peairs's claim that Hattori was moving strangely and quickly towards him, forensic evidence demonstrates that Hattori was moving slowly, or not at all, and his arms were away from his body, indicating he was no threat. Overall, a far greater show of force was used than was appropriate.

The Peairses appealed the decision, but the Louisiana Court of Appeals upheld the judgment in October 1995,[15] and a second appeal to the Supreme Court of Louisiana was rejected in January 1996.[16] Of the total US$650,000 judgment, Rodney Peairs's insurance company paid US$100,000 while Peairs himself was technically left responsible for paying the remaining US$550,000, although, it was never paid in full.[17]

Aftermath

After the trial, Peairs told the press that he would never again own a gun.[18] A 2013 source reported that he had lost his home and his supermarket job following the shooting and was living in a trailer park.[19]

The Japanese public were shocked by the killing and by Peairs's acquittal.[20] Hattori's parents and his American host parents, the Haymakers, went on to become active campaigners for gun law reform in the U.S.[21] [22] In November 1993 they met with President Bill Clinton, who was presented with a petition signed by 1.7 million Japanese citizens urging stronger gun control. A petition signed by 120,000 American citizens was also presented to Congress.[23] The Hattoris and the Haymakers lent their support to the Brady Bill (originally introduced into the U.S. House of Representatives in 1991), which mandated background checks and a five-day waiting period for the purchase of firearms in the U.S.[24] It was signed into law by President Clinton on November 30, 1993, as the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act.[25] According to Walter Mondale, then U.S. ambassador to Japan, who presented Hattori's parents with a copy of the Act on December 3, 1993,[26] Hattori's death "had a very definite impact on passage of the Brady bill."[27] The Hattori and Haymaker families remained active in gun control activism. In March 2018, following the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, the Hattoris participated in the March For Our Lives and spoke with survivors.[28]

Following the killing, some argued that had Hattori been white, Bonnie Peairs may have not reacted the way she did. The Haymakers stated in an interview following the trial that had Hattori been white, they believed he would have never been killed, noting that Bonnie Peairs said that she first noticed that Hattori was "darker colored" than her. Some in Baton Rouge had said that Bonnie Peairs was frightened because she believed that Hattori was a light-skinned black man. Bonnie Peairs rejected notions that her reaction had been racially motivated, stating that, "...it was his fast movement toward that door that scared me so bad, not the color of his skin."

In 1997, filmmaker Christine Choy released a documentary film about Hattori's death called The Shot Heard Round The World.[29]

Dick Haymaker established two endowed scholarships designed to honor Yoshi: the Yoshihiro Hattori Memorial Scholarship provides financial aid to students from Japan, and the Yoshihiro Hattori Memorial Fund, for Off-Campus Study is available for those who plan to study in Japan. The Hattori family donated some of the $100,000 they received to gun reform groups and launched the Yoshi Foundation, an exchange program for American high school students to spend a year in Japan where they can experience life without gun violence.

Webb Haymaker died by suicide in March 2022 at the age of 46.[30] According to his loved ones, he was haunted by survivor’s guilt, and for many years, "deeply, outwardly affected".

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Nossiter . Adam . Student's Trust in People Proved Fatal . . October 23, 1992 . en . June 6, 2018 . June 23, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180623070034/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/23/us/student-s-trust-in-people-proved-fatal.html . live .
  2. News: Grief Spans Sea as Gun Ends a Life Mistakenly. The New York Times. October 21, 1992. en. March 10, 2018. March 10, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180310201928/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/21/us/grief-spans-sea-as-gun-ends-a-life-mistakenly.html. live.
  3. News: Homeowner testifies in shooting death of Japanese exchange student. UPI. May 22, 1993. https://web.archive.org/web/20180306025536/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/05/22/Homeowner-testifies-in-shooting-death-of-Japanese-exchange-student/4402738043200/. March 6, 2018. en.
  4. News: Booth. William. Man Acquitted of Killing Japanese Exchange Student. Washington Post. May 24, 1993. https://web.archive.org/web/20161116080806/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/05/24/man-acquitted-of-killing-japanese-exchange-student/34a75a09-0a7b-468d-89c5-d6d8d7504f7c/. November 16, 2016.
  5. News: Acquittal in Doorstep Killing of Japanese Student. The New York Times. May 24, 1993. February 15, 2017. March 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170329011346/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/24/us/acquittal-in-doorstep-killing-of-japanese-student.html?pagewanted=all. live.
  6. Web site: Liu, J. Harper . Two deaths, no justice . Goldsea . December 29, 2005 . February 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225124243/https://goldsea.com/Features2/Twodeaths/twodeaths.html . live .
  7. Book: Ressler. Robert K.. Shachtman. Tom. Robert Ressler. Tom Shachtman. I Have Lived in the Monster. 1997. St. Martin's Press. New York. 0312155522. A Case of More Than Mistaken Identity. 31–44. https://archive.org/details/ihavelivedinmons00ress/page/31.
  8. News: Defense Depicts Japanese Boy as 'Scary' . . May 21, 1993 . February 15, 2017 . April 29, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170429154255/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/21/us/defense-depicts-japanese-boy-as-scary.html . live .
  9. News: Feared Japanese Teen-Ager, Slaying Suspect Says. September 24, 2014. L.A. Times. May 23, 1993. February 1, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160201150941/http://articles.latimes.com/1993-05-23/news/mn-39019_1_japanese-exchange. live.
  10. News: Tucker. Cynthia. A tragic shooting no slogan explains. September 24, 2014. Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 12A. May 29, 1993. June 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201303/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1755&dat=19930529&id=Gu0hAAAAIBAJ&pg=6780,4335978. live.
  11. Web site: Schimke . David . Each Other's Arms . 2022-10-24 . Voice . en-US . October 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221024095244/https://apps.carleton.edu/voice/?story_id=1000081318&issue_id=1000080671 . live .
  12. Book: Lee, Cynthia . Murder and the Reasonable Man: Passion and Fear in the Criminal Courtroom . October 2007 . NYU Press . 978-0-8147-5116-9 . en . October 25, 2022 . April 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230421151513/https://books.google.com/books?id=jhQVCgAAQBAJ&dq=%22i+guess+he+appeared+oriental.+he+could+have+been+mexican+or+whatever%22&pg=PA169 . live .
  13. News: Nossiter. Adam. Judge Awards Damages In Japanese Youth's Death. The New York Times. September 16, 1994. March 22, 2018. March 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180307214452/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/16/us/judge-awards-damages-in-japanese-youth-s-death.html. live.
  14. News: Blakeman, Karen . 2000 . Japanese couple joins anti-gun fight in U.S. . Honolulu Advertiser . December 29, 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20051202222213/http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/2000/Jul/09/localnews16.html . December 2, 2005 . dead .
  15. https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1694625/hattori-v-peairs/ . Hattori v. Peairs . 662 . So. 2d . 509 . Louisiana Court of Appeal . October 6, 1995 . October 19, 2016 . The shooting attracted national, as well as international attention. Following a four-day trial on September 12–15, 1994, the trial judge rendered judgment in favor of Yoshi's parents, Masaichi and Mieko Hattori (the Hattoris) finding Rodney Peairs to be solidarily liable with his homeowner's insurer, Louisiana Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company (Farm Bureau), in the amount of $653,077.85 together with legal interest and costs. Farm Bureau's liability was subject to the $100,000.00 coverage limitations of its policy.... While we do not doubt that Rodney Peairs' fear of impending bodily harm was genuine, we nevertheless find nothing within the record to support his assertion that such fear was reasonable. Prior to the shooting, Yoshi and Webb had announced their presence by ringing the doorbell of the Peairs' home. Testifying that he believed Yoshi to be armed, Rodney Peairs conceded that he did not see a gun, a knife, a stick, or a club— only an object which he later ascertained to be a camera. In the well-lit carport, Rodney Peairs stated that he observed an oriental person proceeding towards him and that he appeared to be laughing. We have no idea why Yoshi failed to heed Rodney Peairs' order to "Freeze," or grasp the danger posed by the gun, but can only speculate that the answer stems from cultural differences and an unfamiliarity with American slang. Under the circumstances of this case, we cannot say that it was either reasonable or necessary for Rodney Peairs to resort to the use of deadly force in order to protect himself and his family..
  16. https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1094745/hattori-v-peairs/ . Hattori v. Peairs . 666 . So. 2d . 322 . Supreme Court of Louisiana . January 12, 1996 . October 19, 2016 . Denied..
  17. Web site: Mascia . Jennifer . 2022-11-22 . How the Death of a Japanese Exchange Student Changed the U.S. Gun Debate . 2024-01-29 . The Trace . en-us.
  18. News: Acquittal in Doorstep Killing of Japanese Student. The New York Times. May 24, 1993. December 4, 2013. 1. December 11, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131211125118/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/24/us/acquittal-in-doorstep-killing-of-japanese-student.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm. live.
  19. Book: Boyes-Watson. Carolyn. Crime and Justice: Learning through Cases. 2018. Rowman & Littlefield. 9781538106914. 119. en. March 2, 2021. April 25, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092127/https://books.google.com/books?id=rvdIDwAAQBAJ&q=rodney%20peairs%20trailer&pg=PA119. live.
  20. News: Watanabe . Teresa . Japanese Angered by U.S. Acquittal of Student's Killer . . May 25, 1993. https://web.archive.org/web/20160820192959/http://articles.latimes.com/1993-05-25/news/mn-39583_1_japanese-news . August 20, 2016.
  21. Web site: Kernodle, Katrina . 2002 . Gun Stance Highlights Cultural Gap between U.S. and Japan . Frances Kernodle Associates . December 30, 2005 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20050920104654/http://www.fkassociates.com/guns.html . September 20, 2005 .
  22. Web site: Stewart . Robert . Crump, Haymaker to receive Baton Rouge humanitarian award . The Advocate . https://web.archive.org/web/20181026092809/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/article_d79baba4-de81-551b-adf4-be3e9b50765d.html . October 26, 2018 . April 24, 2013.
  23. News: Clinton Meets Parents of Slain Japanese Student . . . November 17, 1993 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171027181120/http://articles.latimes.com/1993-11-17/news/mn-57786_1_japanese-exchange-student . October 27, 2017.
  24. News: Golen . Jimmy . 'Everyday' Crime Makes La. Headlines in '93 . Daily World . December 27, 1993 . Opelousas, Louisiana . 2 . Newspapers.com . October 26, 2018 . April 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092145/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24768148/daily-world/ . live .
  25. Web site: Timeline of the Brady Bill's Passage . Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence . October 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180422231635/http://www.bradycampaign.org/timeline-of-the-brady-bills-passage . April 22, 2018.
  26. Web site: Reischauer, Edwin O. . 1994 . The United States and Japan in 1994: Uncertain Prospects . https://web.archive.org/web/19970404082546/http://www.gwjapan.com/ftp/pub/policy/sais/1994/sais94-6.txt . dead . April 4, 1997 . Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies . October 26, 2018.
  27. News: Reid . T.R. . Japan warns about travel to U.S. after 2 shot in LA carjacking . . March 28, 1994 . A3 . Newspapers.com . October 26, 2018 . April 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230425092121/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24852791/the-indianapolis-star/ . live .
  28. News: 2019-10-19 . Yoshihiro Hattori: The door knock that killed a Japanese teenager in US . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-11-27 . November 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127181232/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50063364 . live .
  29. Web site: The Shot Heard Round The World (1997). Alexander Street Press. March 9, 2018. en. February 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210225092050/https://search.alexanderstreet.com/preview/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C1784833. live.
  30. News: 2022-04-16 . Webb Haymaker Obituary . The Advocate . 2023-10-17.