| Kilit | |
| Region: | Nakhchivan |
| Coordinates: | 38.945°N 51.9°W |
| Familycolor: | Indo-European |
| Fam2: | Indo-Iranian |
| Fam3: | Iranian |
| Fam4: | Western |
| Fam5: | Talysh group |
| Fam6: | Tati |
| Fam7: | Harzandi |
| Map2: | Lang Status 01-EX.svg |
| Isoexception: | dialect |
| Glotto: | kili1273 |
Kilit is an extinct Iranian dialect of Azerbaijan that is closely related to Talysh. It is probably a dialect of Iranian Tati, otherwise found only in Iran, specifically a subdialect of Harzandi. It was spoken in the villages around Kilit, located 12 kilometers southwest from the city of Ordubad in a district with the same name of Nakhchivan in Azerbaijan. It was still used by non-native speakers as a second language in the 1950s.[1] [2]
The language has been long known to the Russian historians and travelers since the middle of nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. The historian Chopin, first mentioned it back in 1852. He states the inhabitants of the village as amounting to 104. Zelinsky researched on the language in 1880 afterwards. In the 1950s a few speakers was reported who used the language probably only as a trade lingo or secret language.
In 1966, A. G. Gasanov collected a few words and phrases.[3] Although the possibility of a migration cannot be ruled out, however it is more likely, given more data about Tatic languages and proto-Tatic, that this group extended at least as far as the areas in which the remanent languages are spoken today.
The following is a kiliti text reported by Zelinsky:[4] [5] [6] Transliterated from Cyrillic[7] :
| English | Kiliti | Talyshi (Taleshdulaei) | Persian | Tat | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| When Duke General came, | vahti knâz' aslnda eranali èmiabia, | vaqti sardăr ăma, | väqti duk ženeral amäd, | vəxtikə general ama, | |
| he asked me: | manè èštaša: | ba mәnkăš xăsta: | az män xast: | əz mən xast: | |
| "Speak in your language so I see what is your language". | "bi šema zun kasaka man vinèm ki, šema zun kalang zuna". | "ba әštan zәvon gaf bәžan bәvinom šәma zәvon kamila" | "be zäbane xodetan soxän begu bebinäm ke, zäbane šoma kodam zäban äst" | "bə zuhun xištənšmu gaf san vünüm ki, zuhunšmu kami zuhunü" | |
| Whatever he asked me (got information from me), I said then. | ha či ki, èšman haba èškata, mandže votma. | ba mәnka harčә kәn dafarsәsta mәnin văta. | här če ke, äz män porsid (xäbär gereft), män häm goftäm. | hər čü ki, əz mən xəbər asta, məniš guftirüm. | |
| He asked me how we counted. | èšman haba èškata ki, ki kalang ašmardia. | ba mәnkă dafarsәst čәntarin bašmard. | äz män xäbär gereft ke, čegune mišemarid. | əz mən xəbər asta ki, tə bə čənta bəšümərdənind. | |
| Then I counted up to hundred. | mandže ašmar dema desta sa. | mәnin әšmarda dă sad. | män häm šemordäm ta be säd. | məniš šümərdüm tə bə sad. | |
| That General wanted me to come to him. | o eranal manè èštaša kûsèš. | a sardări ba mәnkă xăsta bәšom čai var. | an ženeral äz män xast pišäš beräväm. | un general əz mən xast bətəni baram. | |
| He asked me: "Where do you stay?" | èšman haba èškata: "kèing mandaniš?" | ba mәnka dafarsa: "kiyă bamandiš?" | äz män xäbär gereft: "koja mimani?" | əz mən xəbər asta: "bečə bəmundəni?" | |
| Then I said that "dismiss me, I will go to my home". | mandže votma ki, "manu murahast kai, manèm kaim". | mәnin văta kәn, "ama bәrăxәn bašimon әštan ka". | män häm goftäm ke, "mära moräxäs kon, miräväm xaneäm". | məniš guftirüm ki, "mənə raha tin, maram bə xuneymə". | |
| He said: "No, you should stay here". | votma: "na, pista na haingu muni". | vătәš: "ne, pi hiyă bәmona". | goft: "nä, bayäd häminja bemani". | gufti: "nə, gərək incə muni". | |
| I said then: "That is your will, | mandže votma: "ihtio hesta, | mәnin văta: "әm әštә xăstaya, | män häm goftäm: "in xaste to äst, | məniš guftirüm: "in xasteytürü, | |
| you tell me to stay, | votim manem, | bătiš bәmonәm, | miguyi bemanäm, | bətəni munüm, | |
| so I (will stay) for the night." | šav mandže". | azni šav (bamandim)". | män häm šäb (mimanäm)". | məniš šöü (immunüm)". | |
| Whatever he asked me, I said then. | ha či oj èščaman haba èškata, mandže votma. | harči ba mәnka dafarsәst mәnin văta. | här če ke äz män xäbär gereft, män häm goftäm. | hər čü əz mən xəbər asta, məniš guftirüm. |
Comparative list of numbers and some words mentioned by Zelinsky and Gasanov:
| English | Kiliti | Talyshi | Persian | Tat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mouth | gav | gäv | dähan | duhun |
| brother | bole | bәră, boli | bäradär | birar |
| nut | zuz | viz, voz, yuz | gerdu (jowz) | xadžamaz |
| where | henda | kiya, ku | koja | bečə/čüdža |
| bring | bija | bәjär | bijar | bijar |
| braised meat | gail | gäylä, kavab | gušte beryan | kabab |
| said | gäji | vateš | goft | gufti |
| wild | èšivin | ašyă, èšivo (bear) | vahši, dädmäneš | vəhši |
| 1 | ivi | i | jek | jeki |
| 2 | dèv | dy, de | do | düta |
| 3 | he | se | se | səta |
| 4 | čoj | čo, ču, čar | čähar | čarta |
| 5 | pindž | pendž, penj | pändž | pandžta |
| 6 | šaš | šäš | šeš | šešta |
| 7 | haft | haft | häft | həfta |
| 8 | hašt | häšt | häšt | həšta |
| 9 | nav | näv, nä | noh | nüta |
| 10 | dah | da | däh | dəta |
| 11 | dahai jonzä | davy-i, yănza | jazdäh | dəyekta |
| English | Kiliti | Talyshi | Persian | Tat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | dahadèv donzä | davy-dy, dave-de, danza | dävazdäh | dədüta |
| 13 | dahahe senzä | davy-se, dave-se, sinza | sinzdäh | dəsəta |
| 14 | dahačio čordä | davy-čo, dave-ču, čardä | čahardäh | dəčarta |
| 15 | dahapind ponzä | davy-pendž, dave-pendž, panzä | panzdäh | dəpandžta |
| 16 | dahašaš šonzä | davy-šäš, dave-šäš, šanzä | šanzdäh | dəšešta |
| 17 | dahahaft havdä | davy-haft, dave-haft, hivdä | hevdäh | dəhəfta |
| 18 | dahahašt häždä | davy-häšt, dave-häšt, häždä | hiždäh | dəhəšta |
| 19 | dahanav nonzä | davy-näv, dave-näv, nuzda | nuzdäh | dənüta |
| 20 | vist | vist, bist | bist | bista |
| 30 | si | si | si | sita |
| 40 | čel' | čyl, čel | čehel | čülta |
| 50 | pindžoj | pendžo, pendža | pändžah | pandžata |
| 60 | šešt | šest, šäst | šäst | səbista |
| 70 | havta | hafto, hatu, häftad | häftad | səbistdəta |
| 80 | hašta | häšto, häštu, häštad | häštad | čarbista |
| 90 | vahta | näve, näved, näväd | näväd | čarbistdəta |
| 100 | sa | sa, säd | säd | sad |
| 1000 | hačoj | häzo, häzu, häzar | hezar | həzar |
Chopin remarks that the inhabitants of Kilit village were professing Shiite faith and their language is not similar to any of the other local dialects. However he has been puzzled about their origin. He mentioned that they might be from Armenian origin or more likely Talyshi, Tat, Tajik or Zoroastrian.[8] Zelinsky considered it as a mixture of Kurdish, Persian and Arabic. Gasanov called it with a certain affinity towards Iranian languages. But only Zelinsky's materials are enough to understand that kiliti is not an argot, possesses an independent grammatical structure and have the main base of the root words and all the typical features of the Iranian languages. The existing materials also provide a sufficient basis to determine it as belonging to the northwestern Iranian group of languages. That language had no written tradition. According to Zelinsky, dozens of villages had spoken the language before, but it was just understandable to the villagers afterwards and then the Azerbaijani language replaced it.