| Kiichi Arita | |
| Native Name: | 有田 喜一 |
| Native Name Lang: | ja |
| Office: | 87th Minister of Education |
| 1Blankname: | Cabinet |
| 1Namedata: | Eisaku Satō I Second Reformed Cabinet |
| Term Start: | 1 August 1966 |
| Term End: | 3 December 1966 |
| Predecessor: | Umekichi Nakamura |
| Successor: | Toshihiro Kennoki |
| Office2: | 24th Director of the Defense Agency |
| 1Blankname2: | Cabinet |
| 1Namedata2: | Eisaku Satō II Second Reformed Cabinet |
| Term Start2: | 30 November 1968 |
| Term End2: | 14 January 1970 |
| Predecessor2: | Kaneshichi Masuda |
| Successor2: | Yasuhiro Nakasone |
| Office3: | 22nd Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy |
| 1Blankname3: | Cabinet |
| 1Namedata3: | Kakuei Tanaka I |
| Term Start3: | 12 July 1972 |
| Term End3: | 22 December 1972 |
| Predecessor3: | Kakuei Tanaka |
| Successor3: | Zentarō Kosaka |
| Birth Date: | 30 April 1901 |
| Birth Place: | Hikami, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan |
| Death Date: | 9 February 1986 |
| Party: | Democratic Liberal Democratic |
| Alma Mater: | Tokyo Imperial University Faculty of Economics |
Kiichi Arita (ja|有田 喜一; 30 April 1901 – 9 February 1986) was a Japanese politician. During his time in politics, he served as the Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy, Director of the Defense Agency, Foreign Minister, and Minister of Education.
As Chairman of the Research Commission on National Security, Arita participated in the debate over the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The three pillars supporting the treaty were "non-proliferation, disarmament, and the right to peacefully use nuclear technology." Arita and his clique agreed with the first two, but did not like the third. However, Arita was willing to accept the treaty's pillars.
As foreign minister under Prime Minister Eisaku Satō, Arita pursued a proactive foreign policy. He believed that Japan needed to make "positive contributions to the 'fight for peace'". He wanted Japan to do everything possible to reduce international tension. However, in the case of a military threat, Arita stressed the importance of US-Japan cooperation and the strength of the Japan Self-Defense Force.
Arita was one of the two supporters of Takeo Fukuda who were chosen to have a ministerial position under Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka. Fukuda and his supporters were angered by the appointment of Tanaka as the successor of Satō, as Fukuda had previously been one of the top candidates for succeeding him. Upon his calling to the cabinet, then, Arita declined service in his position, citing the lack of representation for Fukuda supporters within the government. However, Tanaka convinced Fukuda to let his two supporters serve in their roles.
Arita was skeptical of the Chinese nuclear program, perceiving it as a direct "threat" and stating so in 1969. He thus called on Japan to increase its preparedness for a "worst-case scenario". This was before the change in the Defense Agency's perception of China to an indirect threat in early 1970 under Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone. Arita was also the writer of the first Defense white paper in Japan in 1970 - his original draft argued for increased defense capability if there was ever a "delay" in assistance from the US in case of an invasion, but the final draft saw Arita back down on this, as he called for "autonomous defence capability" only, a controversial move.