Kiamika Reservoir Explained
The Kiamika reservoir is a freshwater body located in the Kiamika Reservoir Regional Park, in unorganized territory of Lac-Douaire, in Antoine-Labelle Regional County Municipality, in the region of Laurentides, in Quebec, in Canada.
The Kiamika reservoir extends over the territory of four municipalities: Chute-Saint-Philippe (southern part of the reservoir), Lac-des-Écorces, Lac-Saguay and Rivière-Rouge. The reservoir extents also over mainly in the townships of Brunet, but also Rochon and Turgeon for the southern part.
Geography
This reservoir (altitude:) covers and the area of the watershed is 701.9km (436.1miles). This reservoir constitutes the third largest body of water in the region.
The Kiamika River supplies the reservoir from the northeast through the northern bay of the lake, through which the current flows over west, then south. Then the current flows on towards the southwest, bypassing the "Île de la Perdrix Blanche" (White Perdrix Island) and the "Petite île de la Perdrix" (Small Perdrix Island) by crossing the Kiamika Reservoir, until the mouth from the lake to the southwest.
Before the land was submerged, the Kiamika River had two lakes: Upper Kiamika and Lower Kiamika. In 1952, the MacLaren Company undertook construction work which was related to the objective of controlling the floods of the Lièvre and the Ottawa for hydroelectric power generation. The Kiamika dam and the two retaining dikes thus created this large reservoir, facilitating logging on the Kiamika River.
The two main islands in the reservoir are "Île de la Perdrix Blanche" (11.7km (07.3miles) and its summit) and the "Petite île de la Perdrix" (5.4km (03.4miles) and its peak reached). The surface area of the reservoir can drop from 52km (32miles) to 35km (22miles) during the period of the spring emptying, thus clearing sandy beaches on the banks and connecting the two main islands between them.[1]
The main bays of the reservoir are: Quatre Milles bay, Blueberry bay, Berthelette bay, des Écorces bay and Cutaway bay (to the south). In addition to the Kiamika River, the reservoir is supplied by:
- northwest side: Kilby Creek (coming from the northwest), Elbow Creek and Colinette Creek;
- east side: the outlet of Lac Kilby and Lac Patate; the Ruisseau aux Bluets-Ouest which drains the Lac aux Bluets; Ruby Creek which drains Ruby Lake;
- south-east side: the discharge of Lac Vert and Lac du Parsnip; the outlet of Lake Johnny;
- south side: the outlet of Lake Bélanger and the Loutre;
- west side: the outlet of Roman lake; the discharge of Daviault lakes; the Cornes stream which drains the Lac des Cornes, Lac Doré, Lac Vaillant, Lac Pérodeau, Lac David-Lord and Lac Adrien.[2]
The main peaks around the reservoir reach:
- north-west side: (at from the lake); (at from the lake);
- east side: (at from the lake); (at from the lake); (at from the lake, or south of Lac Patate); (at from the lake; that is, southeast of Lake Kilby); (at southwest of Kilby Lake); (at from the lake, or northwest of Ruby Lake); (at from the lake, or northwest of Frasier Lake); (at from the lake, located to the west of Lac Frasier); (at from the lake, i.e. south of Lac Frasier;
- south side: (at from the lake, i.e. about Lake Johnny); (at from the lake); (at from the lake, or south of Baie Berthelette);
- west side: (at from the lake, or north of Lake Noé).[2]
Dams and dikes
The Kiamika reservoir has a dam and three retaining dikes, for hydroelectric regulation:
- Kiamika dam, located in the municipality Chute-Saint-Philippe. This high-capacity dam has a height of and a retention height of . Concrete-gravity type, this long structure was built in 1954 on a rock foundation.[3]
- Kiamika-2 dike, located in the municipality of Lac-Saguay. This dike, high and long, made of earth, was built in 1954 on a rock foundation. This dike is the property of Ministry of the Environment and the Fight Against Climate Change (Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs).[4]
- Kiamika-5 dike, located in the municipality of Chute-Saint-Philippe. This dike, high and long, made of earth, was built in 1954. This dike is owned by the Ministry of the Environment and the Fight Against Climate Change (Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs).[5]
On December 3, 2023, residents of about 1,000 properties in the municipalities of Chute-Saint-Philippe and Lac-des-Écorces were ordered to evacuate over fears that the Morier dike might burst.[6] [7]
Toponymy
The toponym "Kiamika" means "steep rock" in Algonquin. Formerly, one of the two lakes (before submersion) was designated "Grand lac Kiamika"; it is thus indicated on the 1891 map of the canton of Rochon.[8]
See also
Further reading
External links
Notes and References
- Book: fr. L'Enclume-Workshop of territorial development. Development and management plan. Regional park of the Kiamika Reservoir. L'Enclume -Territorial development workshop. 2012. 130.
- Web site: Atlas of Canada from the Department of Natural Resources Canada – Characteristics extracted from the geographic map, database and site instrumentation by geographer Gaétan Veillette. 12 September 2016 . 25 January 2021.
- http://www.cehq.gouv.qc.ca/barrages/detail.asp?no_mef_lieu=X0005460 Quebec water expertise center – Kiamika Dam
- http://www.cehq.gouv.qc.ca/barrages/detail.asp?no_mef_lieu=X0005461 Center of hydric expertise of Quebec – Kiamika-2 dam
- http://www.cehq.gouv.qc.ca/barrages/detail.asp?no_mef_lieu=X0005462 Center of water expertise of Quebec – Dike Kiamika-5
- News: 2023-12-04 . Hundreds in Quebec's Laurentians region told to evacuate over fears dike could burst . en-CA . The Globe and Mail . 2023-12-05.
- News: Evacuations underway in Laurentian towns as dike threatens to burst . Erika . Morris . CBC News. 2023-12-04 .
- http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=32413 Commission de toponymie du Québec – Banque des place names – Toponym: "Kiamika Reservoir"
