| Khust | |
| Native Name: | Ukrainian: Хуст |
| Other Name: | Hungarian: Huszt |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Mapsize: | 250px |
| Pushpin Map: | Ukraine Zakarpattia Oblast#Ukraine |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Khust |
| Coordinates: | 48.1814°N 23.2978°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Oblast |
| Subdivision Name1: | Zakarpattia Oblast |
| Subdivision Type2: | Raion |
| Subdivision Name2: | Khust Raion |
| Established Title: | Founded |
| Established Date: | 1090 |
| Established Title1: | Incorporated |
| Established Date1: | 1324 |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Area Total Km2: | 22 |
| Elevation M: | 164 |
| Population Total: | 28039 |
| Population As Of: | 2022 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Metro: | 31864 |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 90400 |
| Area Code: | +380-3142 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Climate |
| Blank Info Sec1: | Dfb |
| Website: | Official Website |
| Subdivision Type3: | Hromada |
| Subdivision Name3: | Khust urban hromada |
Khust (Ukrainian: Хуст, Russian: Хуст, Hungarian: Huszt, German: Chust, Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: Hust, כוסט (Khist)) is a city located on the Khustets River in Zakarpattia Oblast, western Ukraine. It is near the сonfluence of the Tisa and Rika Rivers. It serves as the administrative center of Khust Raion. Population:
Khust was the capital of the short-lived republic of Carpatho-Ukraine.
The name is most possibly related to the name of the stream Hustets or Husztica, which means "kerchief". It is also conceivable that the name of the city comes from a Romanian traditional food ingredient – husti.
There are several alternative names used for this city: Ukrainian/: Хуст, Romanian: Hust, Hungarian: Huszt, Czech/Slovak: Chust, Yiddish: כוסט / Khist , German: Chust.
There is also one fairy tale about the town's name: Once a chort (demon) was walking around the town and then a mountain appeared. A moment later, it fell on his tail. He shouted, Hvust (Transcarpathian dialect, "Хвіст" in Ukrainian, tail in English). Another chort heard "Khust"... In that way, the name of the town was formed.
The settlement was first mentioned as terra Huzth, in 1324.[1] Its castle, supposed to be built in 1090 by the king St. Ladislaus of Hungary as a defence against the Cumans and destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Hungary, was mentioned in 1353. The town got privileges in 1329.[1]
In 1458 King Matthias imprisoned his uncle, the rebellious Mihály Szilágyi in the castle. In 1514, during György Dózsa's peasant revolt local peasants captured the castle. In 1526 the area became a part of Transylvania.
The army of Ferdinand I captured the town in 1546. In 1594, the Tartars destroyed the town, but could not take the castle. The castle was besieged in 1644 by the army of George I Rákóczi, in 1657 by the Polish, and in 1661–62 by the Ottoman and Tartar hordes. Count Ferenc Rhédey, the ruling prince of Transylvania and high steward of Máramaros County died in the castle on 13 May 1667.
The castle surrendered to the Kurucs on 17 August 1703, and the independence of Transylvania was proclaimed here. It was the last castle the Habsburgs occupied when suppressing the freedom fight of the Kurucs, in 1711. The seriously damaged castle was struck by lightning and burnt down on 3 July 1766; a storm brought down its tower in 1798, it has been in ruins ever since then. Khust was renamed as Csebreny in 1882 during Magyarization process. In 1861, Rabbi Moshe Schick, established what was, at that time, the largest yeshiva in the world, with over 800 students.
In 1910 Khust had 10,292 citizens, 5,230 Ukrainians, 3,505 Hungarians and 1,535 Germans. Until the Treaty of Trianon it belonged to Hungary and was the seat of the Khust district of Máramaros county. After World War I, in summer 1919 the Rumanian troops took over the territory. But according to the St.-Germain treaty Czechoslovakia received the city, as part of newly formed Podkarpatsko ("under the Carpathians") region (Subcarpathia).[2] Czechoslovakia had to provide the region a wide autonomy, but autonomy was realised only in 1938. In Autumn 1938 an autonomous government was organised. The day after the collapse of Czechoslovakia on 14 March 1939, the Khust city government proclaimed, by the will of the local population, independence as Carpathian Ukraine on 15 March 1939. The next day, 16 March 1939, Hungarian troops invaded Khust and claimed it as part of Hungary. On 24 October 1944 Soviet troops occupied the city, and annexed it into the Soviet Union. The Soviet government deported much of the city's German and Hungarian populations.
Prior to 1939, Jews thrived in Khust and owned many businesses. When the city became part of Hungary in March 1939 again, many Jewish citizens were forced into labor camps. A ghetto was established, and Jews from other regions were forced to live there. Additional ghettos were established nearby in Iza and Szeklence (now Sokyrnytsia, Ukraine).[3] By April 1944,[4] most Jewish residents were killed at Auschwitz.[5] [6] Prior to the war, there were 8 synagogues in the city. One survives and is in use today.[3]
In 2001 it had 31,900 inhabitants, including:[7]
Until the 19th century, the city's population also included ethnic Romanians (800 Romanians according to the 1880 census).
Khust has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).