Khivabad Explained

Khivabad (also Old Khivabad or New Khivabad) is a village in the Ahal Province of Turkmenistan.^[1] It is famed for the fortress of Nadir Shah.^[2]

History

Nader Shah had constructed a fortress in the area; local tradition argues Shah to have employed thousands of prisoners of war in bringing soil from Khiva for construction.^[3] Much of the fort and its components survive — the complex is now designated as Old-Khivabad.^[4] Entrances through the north and east walls lead into the main building, at the center.

Notes and References

1. Book: Brummell, Paul. Turkmenistan. Bradt Travel Guides. 2005. 978-1-84162-144-9. 126. en. Paul Brummell.
2. Book: Olbrycht, Marek Jan. 2021-05-14. Brill. 978-90-04-46076-8. 193. en. Imperium Constitutum Est—Achievements and Challenges of Arsakes I. https://brill.com/view/book/9789004460768/BP000007.xml.
3. Book: O'Donovan, Edmond. The Merv Oasis: Travels and Adventures East of the Caspian During the Years 1879-80-81 Including Five Months' Residence Among the Tekkés of Merv. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1883. New York. 79-81.
4. Marek Jan Olbrycht. “Arsacid Iran and the Nomads of Central Asia – Ways of Cultural Transfer” in J. Bemmann, M. Schmauder (eds.). Complexity of Interaction along the Eurasian Steppe Zone in the First Millennium CE. Bonn: fgarch press uni-bonn, 2015, p. 333-334, (Bonn Contributions to Asian Archaeology, 7)