Khalkhin Gol Explained

Khalkhin Gol
Name Other:Khalkh River, Khalkha River, Ha-la-ha River, Ha-lo-hsin Ho
Subdivision Type1:Country
Subdivision Name1:Mongolia
Subdivision Type2:Mongolian Aimag
Subdivision Name2:Dornod
Subdivision Type3:Region
Subdivision Name3:Mongolia
Subdivision Type4:District
Subdivision Name4:Dornod
Length:233km (145miles)
Discharge1 Avg:25m3/s
Source1: 
Source1 Location:People's Republic of China
Source1 Coordinates:47.0808°N 120.4878°W
Source1 Elevation:1443m (4,734feet)
Mouth:Buir Lake
Mouth Location:Mongolia
Mouth Coordinates:47.8956°N 117.8356°W
Mouth Elevation:583.1m (1,913.1feet)
Basin Size:17000km2

The Khalkh River (also spelled as Khalkha River or Halaha River; Mongolian: Халх гол; Ha-la-ha; Ha-lo-hsin Ho) is a river in eastern Mongolia and northern China's Inner Mongolia region.[1] [2] The river is also referred to with the Mongolian genitive suffix -iin as the Khalkhin Gol, or River of Khalkh.[3]

The river's source is the western slopes of the Greater Khingan mountains of Inner Mongolia. In its lower course, it forms the boundary between China's Inner Mongolia, and the Mongolian Republic until around 48.0332°N 118.1343°W, the river splits into two distributaries. The left branch (the Halh River proper) flows into the Buir Lakeat 47.8956°N 117.8356°W; discharge from that lake at 47.95°N 117.8143°W)is known as the (Mongolian: Оршуун гол,). The right branch, known as the Shariljiin Gol (Mongolian: Шарилжийн гол) flows directly into the Orshuun Gol at 48.0699°N 117.7554°W. Orhuun connects the Buir Lake with the Hulun Lake.[4] The Chinese–Mongolian border then follows the Shariljiin Gol for about an equal distance.

From May to September 1939, the river was the site of the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, the decisive engagement of the Soviet-Japanese border conflicts. Soviet and Mongolian forces defeated the Japanese Kwantung Army.[5] [6] [7]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Elstner, Werner . 1993 . Mongolei: Reisehandbuch . 16 . Berlin . de . Schiller . 978-3-925067-27-3.
  2. Book: United States. Department of the Air Force . 1963 . Characteristics of Manchuria, Mongolia and North China . Intelligence Activities, Volume 200, Issues 2-4 . Washington, D.C. . 69 .
  3. Book: Yembuu . Batchuluun . The physical geography of Mongolia . 2021 . Springer Cham . Switzerland . 978-3-030-61434-8 . 9 December 2023.
  4. Book: Simonov . Eugene . Wickel . Bart . Kherlen River: the Lifeline of the Eastern Steppe . 2017 . Whitley Fund for Nature . Ulaan Bataar .
  5. Book: 24 . Amélie . Schenk . Galsan . Tschinag (Chinagiĭn) . 2006 . Mongolei . 2nd . de . Munich . C. H. Beck . 978-3-406-49283-9 .
  6. Sella . Amnon . Khalkhin-Gol: The Forgotten War . Journal of Contemporary History . 1983 . 18 . 4 . 651–687 . 0022-0094.
  7. Book: Hill . Alexander . The Red Army and the Second World War . 2016 . Cambridge University Press . 978-1-107-02079-5 .