Kh-35 Explained

Is Missile:yes
Kh-35
(NATO reporting name: AS-20 'Kayak')
3M24 Uran (SS-N-25 'Switchblade')
3K60 Bal (SSC-6 'Sennight')
Origin:Soviet Union
Type:Air-to-surface
Surface-to-surface missile
Cruise missile
Anti-ship missile
Used By:Russian Navy
Indian Navy
Vietnam People's Navy
Designer:Zvezda
Design Date:1983-2003
Manufacturer:Tactical Missiles Corporation
Unit Cost:$500,000 (2010)[1]
Propellant:kerosene
Production Date:1996 for export, 2003 for Russia
Service:2003
Engine:R95TP-300 Turbofan[2] [3]
Engine Power:360 kgf
Weight:520abbr=onNaNabbr=on (air version)
610abbr=onNaNabbr=on (surface & heli version)
Length:385abbr=onNaNabbr=on (air version)
440abbr=onNaNabbr=on (surface & heli version)
Diameter:42abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Wingspan:133abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Speed:NaNMach
Vehicle Range:130km (80miles)
300km (200miles) (upgrade version, 2015)[4]
Altitude:10-15 m en route and about 4 m at terminal area
Filling:HE fragmentation shaped charge
Filling Weight:1450NaN0
Guidance:inertial guidance and ARGS-35E X-band terminal active radar homing[5]
Launch Platform:Tupolev Tu-142, Su-24, MiG-29M/K, Sukhoi Su-35, Su-27SM, Su-30MKI//Su-30SM, Su-34, HAL Tejas, Ka-27, Ka-28,[6] Ka-52, Su-57, also ships and boats, coastal, ALCM, TEL variants.

The Zvezda Kh-35 (Russian: [[Kha (Cyrillic)|Х]]-35 [[(Cyrillic)| ]], AS-20 'Kayak') is a Soviet turbojet subsonic cruise[7] anti-ship missile. The missile can be launched from helicopters, surface ships and coastal defence batteries with the help of a rocket booster, in which case it is known as Uran ('Uranus', SS-N-25 'Switchblade', GRAU 3M24) or Bal (SSC-6 'Sennight', GRAU 3K60). It is designed to attack vessels up to 5,000 tonnes.

Development

The previous anti-ship missiles made in USSR were highly capable, but they also were large and expensive. Therefore, the Soviet Navy found that a similar, small and very low flying missile would be useful. This new system was planned as small, cheap, and easy to install missile for a variety of platforms. This new system, called 3M24 Uran (in western nomenclature, SS-N-25) was originally meant for small surface combatants such as frigates, like the Krivak, Gepard and Neustrashimy. It was the answer to western missiles like the US Harpoon. Informally, it was also known as 'Harpoonski', as it was broadly comparable, especially in appearance, with the American missile.[8]

The initial development started in Zvezda-Strela State Scientific-Industrial Center (GNPTs) group in 1972 or 1977, depending on the sources.[9] Zvezda received the official go ahead to begin work on the Kh-35 in 1983-1984 by a decree of the USSR Council of Ministers and the USSR CPSU Central Committee to arm ships of medium tonnage.

Test launches began in 1985, but there were several problems and failures with the miniaturized active radar system. It was first displayed in 1992 and listed as only being intended for export, when it was, in fact, not yet for production. In 1994 India ordered Uran missiles (the Kh-35E export variant). This led to the full development, and deliveries started to the Indian Navy in 1996. Russia adopted it only in 2003 (for ships), and 2004 (Bal, coastal system). The air-launched variant (originally made for Indian Il-38SD patrol aircraft) was completed in 2005 and later deployed on Russian Federation aircraft.

The KH-35 can be considered the successor to the SS-N-2 Styx missile, albeit much smaller and more modern. It boasts greater range than legacy missile systems, and is much cheaper than other contemporary anti-ship missiles like Kalibr or Oniks, costing an estimated $500,000 USD per missile.

Design

The Kh-35 missile is a subsonic weapon featuring a normal aerodynamic configuration with cruciform wings and fins and a semisubmerged air duct intake. The propulsion unit is a turbofan engine. The missile is guided to its target at the final leg of the trajectory by commands fed from the active radar homing head and the radio altimeter.[10]

Target designation data can be introduced into the missile from the launch aircraft or ship or external sources. Flight mission data is inserted into the missile control system after input of target coordinates. An inertial system controls the missile in flight, stabilizes it at an assigned altitude and brings it to a target location area. At a certain target range, the homing head is switched on to search for, lock on and track the target. The inertial control system then turns the missile toward the target and changes its flight altitude to an extremely low one. At this altitude, the missile continues the process of homing by the data fed from the homing head and the inertial control system until a hit is obtained.

The Kh-35 can be employed in fair and adverse weather conditions at sea states up to 5–6, by day and night, under enemy fire and electronic countermeasures. Its aerodynamic configuration is optimized for high subsonic-speed sea-skimming flight to ensure stealthy characteristics of the missile. The missile has low signatures thanks to its small dimensions, sea-skimming capability and a special guidance algorithm ensuring highly secure operational modes of the active radar seeker.

Its ARGS-35E active radar seeker operates in both single and multiple missile launch modes, acquiring and locking on targets at a maximum range of up to 20 km.[11] A new radar seeker, Gran-KE has been developed by SPE Radar MMS[12] and will be replacing the existing ARGS-35E X band seeker.[13]

[14] Kh-35Kh-35U
10–15 m
4 m

Operational history

The Kh-35 missile entered service with Russian Navy only in 2003. In July 2003, the system created by the "Tactical Missiles Corporation" passed the state tests and began to come into service of ships of the Russian Navy. It has also been acquired by India.[15] The Bal coastal missile system showed excellent results in state tests in the fall of 2004, and entered service in 2008.[16] The tests of the upgraded Kh-35UE missile were completed as of June 2021.[17]

A Bal system has four self-propelled launcher vehicles each carrying eight missiles for a total of 32 missiles in a salvo, plus reloads for another wave. The launchers can be up to 10 km from the coast and hit targets at ranges up to 120km (80miles).[18] Currently, the Bal system is equipped with an upgraded version of the Kh-35E increasing the range to 300km (200miles).[19] [20] At IMDS 2019, a new version of the Russian Bal-E coastal defence system was presented for the first time. The four-tube Rubezh-ME, dedicated to the export market, is based on a Kamaz 63501 8x8 chassis which is more compact than the MZKT-7930 of the original Bal-E.[21] [22] As reported on October 19, 2021 by the TASS news agency, a new missile of the Bal coastal missile complex developed and manufactured by Tactical Missile Armament Corporation (KTRV) will allow hitting targets at a distance of over 500 km. The new capabilities of the complex made it comparable in range and the possibility of firing on the ground with the Bastion missile system using the Onyx supersonic missile, a source in the defense industry said.[23]

Variants

Operators

Current operators

Failed bid

External sources

Notes and References

  1. "Annual Report", Tactical Missiles Corporation (2010), p.92.
  2. Web site: About . Aero-Engine Scientific and Technical Complex «Soyuz».
  3. Web site: ОАО "АМНТК "Союз" – Продукция – Авиационные двигатели . 2 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120202051703/http://amntksoyuz.ru/engines/airengines/history/#r95-300 . 2 February 2012 . dead.
  4. Новая ракета X-35: гроза американских эсминцев . New X-35 missile: the terror of American destroyers . ru . Vadim . Ponomarev . 25 May 2015 . . 8 October 2015.
  5. Web site: ARGS-35E (Algeria), Airborne fire-control radars . . August 28, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120402214415/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Radar-and-Electronic-Warfare-Systems/ARGS-35E-Algeria.html . April 2, 2012.
  6. Web site: Kh-35U ASM enters Su-35S fighter jet weapon package . 24 October 2017 . AirRecognition.com.
  7. Web site: Kh-35 (AS-20 "Kayak") Anti-Ship Cruise Missile . EnemyForces.net . 7 May 2017 . 22 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200622060937/http://www.enemyforces.net/missiles/kh_35.htm . dead .
  8. Web site: Zvezda Kh-35 . military today . 2022-04-14.
  9. Web site: Zvezda Kh-35 . globalsecurity.org . 2022-04-14 . 16 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220416000612/https://www.military-today.com/missiles/kh_35.htm . dead .
  10. Web site: Aerospace Systems Export Catalogue . . 123 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071030213111/http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf . 2007-10-30.
  11. Web site: Tactical Anti-Ship Missile Kh-35E . . 8 October 2015 . 24 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200524130954/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production/military_production/anti-ship_missiles/kh-35e.html . dead .
  12. Web site: Радиолокационная Головка АРГС-35Э . ARGS-35E Radar . ru . Radar-MMS . 2011-09-09 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110716145147/http://www.radar-mms.com/catalog/args35/ . 2011-07-16.
  13. Web site: Russia: JSC Tactical Missile Arms Presents New Target Seeker . 26 August 2011 . Naval Today . 23 December 2014.
  14. Web site: Tactical Guided Missile Kh-35UE . JSC Tactical Missiles Corporation . 23 December 2014 . 21 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201021181950/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production/military_production/anti-ship_missiles/kh-35ue.html . dead .
  15. Kh-37 . Jane's Air-Launched Weapons . 2008-08-01.
  16. Web site: Бал-Э» принят на вооружение . "Bal-E" is put into service . ru . National Defence . 23 December 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131112185749/http://old.nationaldefense.ru/1437/1440/index.shtml?id=3456 . 12 November 2013.
  17. Web site: Глава КТРВ Обносов: мы разрабатываем новое морское оружие России. tass.ru.
  18. Web site: Bal-E coastal missile system with Kh-35 antiship missile to defend Russia coast of Caspian Sea . 5 December 2011 . NavyRecognition.com.
  19. Web site: Russia's Bal-E coastal defense system to be equipped with upgraded Kh-35 missile . 28 October 2015 . NavyRecognition.com.
  20. Web site: Для КТРВ 2018 год стал рекордным с точки зрения объемов экспорта . For KTRV, 2018 became a record year in terms of export volumes . ru . 15 July 2019 . Armstrade.org.
  21. Web site: IMDS 2019: First public appearance of the Rubezh-ME coastal defence system . 11 July 2019 . NavyRecognition.com.
  22. Web site: Russia unveils export-oriented Rubezh-ME coastal defence missile system . Nikolai . Novichkov . 15 July 2019 . Jane's . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190716112910/https://www.janes.com/article/89890/russia-unveils-export-oriented-rubezh-me-coastal-defence-missile-system . 16 July 2019.
  23. Web site: Russia's Bal coastal defense system to strike targets at over 500 km with new missile. tass.ru.
  24. Web site: "Тактическое ракетное вооружение" за три года запустило в серию 14 видов ракет . "Tactical Missile Armament" has launched 14 types of missiles into series in three years . ru . 1 July 2015 . ТАSS . 8 October 2015.
  25. Web site: Kh-35UE . Rosoboronexport.
  26. Web site: ОАО "Корпорация Тактическое Ракетное Вооружение" . 2011-10-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235111/http://www.ktrv.ru/news/company/721.html . 2013-10-04 . dead .
  27. Book: Butowski . Piotr . Ka-52 Hokum . 2022 . Key Publishing . Stamford, UK . 978-1-80282-269-4 . 84.
  28. Web site: Корабельная аппаратура системы управления «Уран Э . Ship control system "Uran E" . ru . JSC Concern Granit-Electron . 2012-04-09 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120911014416/http://www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/uran/index.shtml . 2012-09-11.
  29. Web site: Rubez-ME Coastal Tactical Missile System . 8 October 2020 .
  30. Web site: Coastal tactical missile system Rubez-ME | Catalog Rosoboronexport .
  31. Web site: Kumsong-3 (Kh-35 Variant) . Missile Threat.
  32. Web site: North Korea's New KN19 Coastal Defense Cruise Missile: More Than Meets the Eye . Ankit . Panda . July 26, 2017 . The Diplomat.
  33. Web site: Ukraine Is Building Anti-Ship Missiles (In Part Thanks to Russia). Episkopos. Mark. 2019-02-06. The National Interest. en. 2019-04-10.
  34. Web site: Akramov. 2021-09-24. L'Algérie muscle sa défense côtière. 2021-09-28. MENADEFENSE. fr-FR.
  35. Web site: Trade Registers . . 19 December 2014.
  36. Web site: ALCMs in Uiju. 2021-08-10. www.armscontrolwonk.com.
  37. Annual Report, Tactical Missiles Corporation (2010), p.92.
  38. Web site: Russian Navy received more than 100 Kalibr, Onix missiles in 3rd quarter . 21 October 2016 . TASS.
  39. Web site: National Centre for State Defence Control hosts Military Acceptance Day chaired by Russian Minister of Defence . 31 January 2018 . Russian Ministry of Defence.
  40. Web site: За последний месяц в войска ЮВО поставлено около 200 ед. новой и модернизированной техники . Over the past month, about 200 new and modernized equipment units have been delivered to the troops of the Southern Military District . ru . 6 December 2018 . Armstrade.org.
  41. Web site: Advanced coastal defense missile systems to protect Russia's Caspian Flotilla base . 22 February 2019 . TASS.
  42. Web site: Новые береговые ракетные комплексы "Бал" прибыли на Тихоокеанский флот . New coastal missile systems "Bal" arrived at the Pacific Fleet . ru . 26 February 2019 . Armstrade.org.
  43. Web site: В 2020 году Балтийский флот пополнился кораблями и новейшей военной техникой . In 2020, the Baltic Fleet was replenished with ships and the latest military equipment . ru . 12 January 2021 . Armstrade.org.
  44. News: Nilsen . Thomas . Russia deploys missile system 70 km from Norway's Vardø radar . The Barents Observer . 30 December 2020 . 7 August 2019.
  45. Web site: Kh-35U ASM enters Su-35S fighter jet weapon package . 24 October 2017 . AirRecognition.com . 10 January 2018.
  46. Web site: Пуски с самолетов Су-34 противокорабельных ракет Х-35У по морским целям . Launches from Su-34 aircraft of Kh-35U anti-ship missiles at sea targets . ru . 25 September 2018 . Russian Ministry of Defence.
  47. Web site: Минобороны показало удары новейших российских противокорабельных ракет . The Ministry of Defense showed the strikes of the latest Russian anti-ship missiles . 25 September 2018 . RIA Novosti . ru.
  48. Web site: Vietnam unveils its new VCM-01 anti-ship cruise missile . 28 May 2020 . Navy Recognition . 2021-06-03.
  49. Web site: Trade Registers . 2022-04-25 . armstrade.sipri.org.
  50. Web site: Коммерсантъ» узнал об отказе Москвы поставить ракетные комплексы Баку . "Kommersant" learned of Moscow's refusal to supply missile systems to Baku . ru . 5 December 2018 . РБК.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Kh-35".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.