| Keystone Lake | |
| Location: | Pawnee / Osage / Creek / Tulsa counties, Oklahoma, United States |
| Coords: | 36.2306°N -96.305°W |
| Inflow: | Arkansas River |
| Outflow: | Arkansas River |
| Area: | 23600acres |
| Depth: | 24feet (average)[1] |
| Max-Depth: | 73feet |
| Volume: | 505381acre.ft (normal) |
| Shore: | 330miles |
| Elevation: | 723feet (normal), 706feet (min.), 754feet (max.) |
| Cities: | Mannford, Sand Springs and Tulsa, Oklahoma |
| Pushpin Map: | Oklahoma#USA |
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Location of Keystone Lake in Oklahoma, USA. |
| Keystone Dam & Reservoir | |
| Country: | United States |
| Location: | Oklahoma Pawnee / Osage / Creek / Tulsa counties, Oklahoma |
| Purpose: | Flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation |
| Status: | Operational |
| Construction Began: | 1957 |
| Opening: | 1968 |
| Dam Crosses: | Arkansas River |
| Dam Length: | 4,600 feet |
| Dam Elevation Crest: | 766 feet (max) |
| Spillway Count: | 1 |
| Spillway Type: | Gated ogee weir |
| Spillway Capacity: | 939,000 cfs max. |
| Res Surface: | 23,600 sq. ft. |
| Plant Turbines: | Hydraulic (2) |
| Plant Capacity: | 35,000 KW each |
Keystone Lake is a reservoir in northeastern Oklahoma on the Arkansas and Cimarron rivers. It is located upstream about 23miles from Tulsa.[2] It was created in 1968 when the Keystone Dam was completed.[3] The primary purposes are: flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation.[4]
Keystone Lake is about 23600acres in area, and was designed to contain 505381acre.ft of water.[5] It was named for the community of Keystone, which existed on the site from 1900 until 1962, when it was inundated by the waters of the lake. Construction of the lake forced the relocation of three other towns: Mannford, Oklahoma (also known as New Mannford by locals), Prue (also known as New Prue), and Appalachia Bay, Oklahoma. The town of Osage was partially abandoned to the lake, while the rest clings to the south shore. Engineers built a levee around low-lying areas of the south and east sides of Cleveland, Oklahoma to prevent flooding of that city.[4] The shoreline extends for 330miles.[4]
Two Oklahoma state parks, Keystone State Park and Walnut Creek State Park, are located along the shores of the lake offering camping, hiking and biking trails, fishing, swimming and boating opportunities. The area also features a Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park Camp-Resort as you cross the Keystone Dam near Sand Springs.
The Keystone Lake project was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1950. It was designed and built by the Tulsa District, Army Corps of Engineers. Construction began in January 1957 and was complete for flood control purposes in September 1964. Commercial operation of the power generating facility began in May 1968.[4]
A reregulating dam, located 7.8miles downstream of the main dam, was also completed in 1968. Cost of the total project was approximately $123 million. In 1986, the reregulating dam was removed due to public safety issues, as 16 people had drowned at the dam.[4]
The dam was actually constructed across the Arkansas River, downstream of the confluence with the Cimarron River. It is built of rolled earthfill material. Maximum height of the dam is 121feet above the stream bed. The total length of the dam is 4600feet, including a 1600feet-long concrete section. The spillway in the concrete section is 856feet wide. The non-overflow part of the concrete section includes a power intake structure. State Highway 151 crosses the dam, connecting State Highway 51 on the south with U.S. Highway 64 on the north.[4]
The spillway is a gated ogee weir, 720feet wide with eighteen tainter gates, each 40feetby35feetft (byft). Spillway capacity at the maximum pool level (elevation 766feet) is 939000cuft/s. Capacity at the top of the flood control pool level (elevation 754feet) is 565000cuft/s. The spillway also has nine sluices, each 5.67feetby10feetft (byft).[4]
The power intake structure is between the spillway and the left non-overflow section of the dam. It includes two penstocks, each 27feet diameter and controlled by two 14feetby30feetft (byft) gates. The power generation facility includes two hydroelectric generators, each rated at 35000kW.[4]
In September and October 1986, Keystone Lake was filled to capacity when the remnants of Hurricane Paine entered Oklahoma and dropped nearly 22inch of water into the Cimarron and Arkansas rivers northwest of the lake, requiring the Corps of Engineers to release water downstream at a rate of 310000cuft/s, which made downstream flooding inevitable. As a result, a private levee in West Tulsa failed, causing more than $1.3 million in damages.[6]
According to the Corps of Engineers website, Keystone Lake has 16 recreational areas (including 3 alcohol-free beaches), 11 boat ramps, 4 marinas and 2 off-road vehicle areas. There are also campgrounds, a waterfowl refuge and a public hunting area. Keystone State Park nearby offers cabins. Fishing is popular, with the most plentiful species being striped bass, white bass, black bass, small mouth bass, crappie, and catfish.[7] Fauna around the lake include: white-tailed deer, raccoon, bobcat, coyote, beaver, squirrel, cottontail rabbit, quail, dove, ducks and geese. Hunting and fishing licenses are regulated by Oklahoma and Federal laws.[4]
Windycrest Sailing Club offers sailboat racing and cruising.