McGraw Hill Education explained

McGraw Hill
Country:United States
Headquarters:New York City, New York, U.S.
Keypeople:Simon Allen
Publications:Adaptive learning technology, educational software, e-books, apps, platform services, curriculum, and books
Revenue: $1.72 billion (2017)
Owner:Platinum Equity
Numemployees:3,900 (2020)[1]

McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education.[2] [3] McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion.[9]

Corporate history

McGraw Hill was founded in 1888, when James H. McGraw, co-founder of McGraw Hill, purchased the American Journal of Railway Appliances. He continued to add further publications, eventually establishing The McGraw Publishing Company in 1899. His co-founder, John A. Hill, had also produced several technical and trade publications and in 1902 formed his own business, The Hill Publishing Company.[10]

In 1909, the two co-founders formed an alliance and combined the book departments of their publishing companies into an incorporated company called The McGraw-Hill Book Company.[10] John Hill served as president, with James McGraw as vice-president. The remaining parts of each business were merged into The McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc in 1917.[11]

In 1946, McGraw-Hill founded an international division of the company.[10] It acquired Contemporary Films in 1972 and CRM in 1975. McGraw-Hill combined its films in the CRM division in 1978. McGraw-Hill sold CRM in 1987.[12]

In 1979, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company purchased Byte from its owner/publisher Virginia Williamson, who then became a vice-president of McGraw-Hill. In 1986, McGraw-Hill bought out competitor The Economy Company, then the nation's largest publisher of educational material. The buyout made McGraw-Hill the largest educational publisher in the U.S.[13]

In 1988, Harold McGraw became chairman emeritus of McGraw Hill.[10]

In 1989, McGraw-Hill formed a joint partnership with Robert Maxwell, forming second largest textbook publisher in the United States.[14] McGraw-Hill took full ownership of the venture in 1993.

In 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies sold its children's publishing unit to School Specialty.[15] In 2007, The McGraw-Hill Companies launched an online student study network, GradeGuru.com. This offering gave McGraw-Hill an opportunity to connect directly with its end users, the students. It allowed students to share notes and materials for cash or gift cards in return.[16] The site closed on April 29, 2012.

On October 3, 2011, Scripps announced it was purchasing all seven television stations owned by The McGraw-Hill Companies' broadcasting division McGraw-Hill Broadcasting for $212 million; the sale is a result of McGraw-Hill's decision to exit the broadcasting industry to focus on its other core properties, including its publishing unit.[17] This deal was approved by the FTC on October 31[18] and the FCC on November 29.[19] The deal was completed on December 30, 2011.[20]

On November 26, 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies announced it was selling its entire education division to Apollo Global Management for $2.5 billion.[21] On March 22, 2013, McGraw Hill Education announced it had completed the sale and the proceeds were for $2.4 billion in cash.[22] In 2012, McGraw Hill acquired Redbird Learning[23] and in 2013, McGraw Hill acquired ALEKS.[24] In 2014, McGraw Hill Education India partnered with GreyCampus to promote Online Learning Courses among University Grants Commission- National eligibility Test Aspirants.[25] In 2014, McGraw Hill acquired Engrade.On June 30, 2015, McGraw-Hill Education announced that Data Recognition Corporation (DRC) had agreed to acquire "key assets" of the CTB/McGraw-Hill assessment business.[26] In 2016, McGraw Hill acquired Everyday Mathematics. In 2017, McGraw Hill acquired My Math.

On May 11, 2017, McGraw-Hill Education announced the sale of the business holdings of McGraw-Hill Ryerson (Ryerson Press) to Canadian educational publisher Nelson.[27] In 2018, McGraw-Hill launches textbook rental program, adding to affordable options available for college students.[28] On January 17, 2019, McGraw Hill Education announced Reveal Math and Inspire Science, new curricula for K–12.[29]

On May 1, 2019, McGraw-Hill Education announced an agreement to merge with Cengage. The merged company was expected to retain McGraw Hill as the corporate name.[30] [31] The merger was called off on May 1, 2020.[32] In 2019, McGraw Hill acquired Core-Plus Mathematics Project. In 2020, McGraw Hill became a distributor for Illustrative Mathematics. In 2021, McGraw Hill acquired Kidaptive.

McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion.[9]

Acquisitions

The McGraw Hill Companies expanded significantly through acquisition, including financial services and broadcasting. Many acquisitions continued with McGraw Hill after their acquisition by Apollo Global Management in 2013.

Date of acquisitionCompany acquiredIndustry
1920Newton Falls Paper Company[33] Producer of paper
1928A.W. Shaw CompanyPublisher of magazines and textbooks
1950sGregg CompanyPublisher of vocational textbooks
1953Companies of Warren C Platts, including Platts[34] Publisher of petroleum industry information
1954Blakiston, from Doubleday[35] Publisher of medical textbooks
1961F.W. Dodge Corporation[36] Publisher of construction industry information
1965California Test BureauDeveloper of educational testing systems
1966Standard & Poor'sFinancial Services
Shepard's Citations[37] Legal publisher
1968National Radio InstituteCorrespondence School
1970The Ryerson PressEducational and trade publishing
1972Television Stations of Time Life BroadcastingBroadcasting
1979Osborne BooksEducational and trade publishing
1986The Economy CompanyEducational publishing
1988Random House Schools and Colleges[38] Educational publishing
1993Macmillan/McGraw-Hill School Publishing Company including Glencoe, SRA, and former Laidlaw publications[39] [40] Educational publishing
1996Times Mirror Higher Education including William C Brown, Richard D Irwin, Irwin Professional, Mosby College and Brown & Benchmark [41] Educational publishing
1997Micropal Group Limited[42] Financial Services
1999Appleton & Lange from Pearson[43] Publisher of medical information
2000Tribune Education, including NTC/Contemporary, Everyday Learning/Creative, Instructional Fair, Landoll, The Wright Group. American Education Publishing, Meeks Heit & Peter Bedrick Books[44] Publisher of supplementary educational materials
Mayfield Publishing Company[45] Publisher of humanities and social science textbooks
2002Open University PressUniversity press – academic publications
2005J.D. Power & Associates[46] Marketing information provider
2013Key Curriculum[47] Math technology firm
ALEKS[48] Adaptive learning firm
2014Area9 Aps[49] Adaptive learning firm
Engrade[50] Learning management system
2016Redbird Advanced Learning, formerly Education Program for Gifted Youth[51] Adaptive learning firm
2021Kidaptive[52] Adaptive learning firm
Triad Interactive[53] Educational software firm
Achieve3000[54] Educational software firm

Presidents

Controversies

In 1980, McGraw Hill paid the African American writer and civil rights activist James Baldwin a $200,000 advance for his unfinished book Remember This House, a memoir of his personal recollections of civil rights leaders Medgar Evers, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.[55] Following his death, McGraw Hill sued his estate to recover the advance they had paid him for the unfinished book. The lawsuit was dropped by McGraw Hill in 1990, citing a desire not to cause distress to Baldwin's family.[55]

In October 2015, McGraw-Hill Education was accused of whitewashing history after it published a caption in a geography textbook referring to American slaves as "workers".[56] McGraw Hill issued an apology, updated the digital version of the materials, and offered schools replacement texts at no charge.[57] It has been linked to broader controversies about texts at the Texas Education Agency.[58]

Pricing

McGraw Hill has been accused of using online access codes included with texts to prevent students from reselling used books.[59] During the COVID-19 pandemic, when many students were studying remotely, McGraw Hill was accused of price gouging, in charging several times more for ebooks than for print texts.[60]

Works

Films:

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Annual Report. McGraw–Hill. November 19, 2020. March 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220319081408/https://s22.q4cdn.com/942918855/files/doc_financials/2020/Q4/MHE-2020.03.31-Annual-Report.pdf. live.
  2. News: Davis . Michelle R. . 'Big Three' Publishers Rethink K-12 Strategies . Education Week . March 25, 2014 . June 29, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170629190616/http://www.edweek.org/dd/articles/2013/02/06/02textbooks.h06.html?cmp=ENL-DD-MOSTPOP . live .
  3. News: Noonoo . Stephen . How 'Big Three' Publishers Are Approaching iPad Textbooks . Times Higher Education Journal . March 25, 2014 . July 8, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170708202935/https://thejournal.com/articles/2012/11/08/how-big-three-publishers-are-approaching-their-ipad-textbooks.aspx . live .
  4. News: McGraw-Hill Financial 2013 Annual Report . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160531143154/http://media.mhfi.com/documents/MHFI-ar2013.pdf . May 31, 2016 .
  5. News: Henry . David . McGraw-Hill sells textbook unit to private equity . Reuters . March 25, 2014 . June 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220605020026/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mcgrawhill-apollo-idUSBRE8AP0N120121126 . live .
  6. News: McGraw-Hill completes sale of education division . https://web.archive.org/web/20130518204205/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-03-22/mcgraw-hill-completes-sale-of-education-division . dead . May 18, 2013 . Businessweek . March 22, 2013 . March 25, 2014.
  7. News: McGraw-Hill Sells Education Unit To Apollo: Bellwether For Educational Publishing? . Forbes . November 28, 2012 . March 25, 2014 . June 11, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200611044707/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesmarshallcrotty/2012/11/28/mcgraw-hill-sells-education-unit-to-apollo-bellwether-for-education-publishing/ . live .
  8. News: Robinson . Matt . McGraw-Hill Closes $2.4 Billion Education Unit Sale to Apollo . Bloomberg . March 22, 2013 . March 25, 2014 . January 15, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150115080321/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-22/mcgraw-hill-closes-2-4-billion-education-unit-sale-to-apollo.html . live .
  9. News: Platinum Equity Strikes Deal to Buy McGraw Hill From Apollo . The Wall Street Journal . June 15, 2021 . September 15, 2021 . June 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220604185453/https://www.wsj.com/articles/platinum-equity-strikes-deal-to-buy-mcgraw-hill-from-apollo-11623788101 . live .
  10. Web site: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Encyclopedia.com . November 21, 2023 . www.encyclopedia.com . May 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220525093823/https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/mcgraw-hill-inc . live .
  11. Web site: About Us: Corporate History: The Foundation . May 26, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070505102210/http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/aboutus/history.shtml . May 5, 2007 . mdy-all .
  12. Book: Alexander, Geoff . Academic Films for the Classroom: A History . 2010 . McFarland & Co. . Jefferson . 109–110. 9780786458707 . 601049093 . March 14, 2019.
  13. News: McGraw Hill Buying The Economy Company. Tipton. David. July 3, 1986. The Journal Record.
  14. News: Fabrikant. Geraldine. May 18, 1989. McGraw-Hill and Maxwell Form Venture. en-US. The New York Times. September 10, 2021. 0362-4331. January 24, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180124071127/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/18/business/mcgraw-hill-and-maxwell-form-venture.html. live.
  15. Web site: School Specialty Buys McGraw-Hill Titles. Chief Marketer. November 21, 2018. November 30, 2001. January 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210115212325/https://www.chiefmarketer.com/school-specialty-buys-mcgraw-hill-titles/. live.
  16. Web site: May 6, 2009 . Cornell students using GradeGuru.com to their advantage . November 21, 2023 . Ithaca.com . November 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231121172730/https://www.chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/social-studying-network-gradeguru-to-close . live .
  17. https://archive.today/20121210175847/http://www.tvnewscheck.com/article/2011/10/03/54440/mcgrawhill-sells-tv-group-to-scripps McGraw-Hill Sells TV Group To Scripps
  18. Web site: FTC OK With Scripps/McGraw-Hill. Broadcastingcable.com. July 18, 2018. July 29, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130729200742/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/475979-FTC_OK_With_Scripps_McGraw_Hill.php. live.
  19. Web site: Scripps Purchase Of McGraw-Hill TVs OK'd. https://archive.today/20130205045133/http://www.tvnewscheck.com/article/55706/scripps-purchase-of-mcgrawhill-tvs-okd. February 5, 2013. dead. November 29, 2011. TV News Check. October 17, 2020.
  20. News: Scripps completes McGraw-Hill Stations Buy . https://archive.today/20120913093625/http://www.tvnewscheck.com/article/2011/12/30/56389/scripps-completes-mcgrawhill-stations-buy. dead. September 13, 2012. December 31, 2011. TVNewsCheck. NewsCheck Media. December 30, 2011.
  21. https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/11/26/mcgraw-hill-to-sell-education-unit-to-apollo-for-2-5-billion/ "McGraw-Hill to Sell Education Unit to Apollo for $2.5 Billion"
  22. The McGraw-Hill Companies completes sale of McGraw-Hill Education to Apollo . McGraw Hill Companies . March 22, 2013 . February 22, 2017 . October 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201020033407/http://investor.spglobal.com/file/Index?KeyFile=16399301 . dead .
  23. Web site: McGraw-Hill Acquires Redbird Advanced Learning, A Digital Personalized Learning Provider for K. September 30, 2016. May 16, 2020. August 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190826132620/https://www.mheducation.com/news-media/press-releases/mcgraw-hill-education-acquires-redbird-learning.html. live.
  24. Web site: McGraw-Hill Agrees to Acquire ALEKS Corporation, Developer of Adaptive Learning Technology for K-12 and Higher Education . June 20, 2013 . May 16, 2020 . September 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200928131920/https://www.mheducation.com/news-media/press-releases/mcgraw-hill-education-agrees-acquire-aleks-corporation-developer-adaptive-learning.html . live .
  25. News: McGraw Hill-GreyCampus Partnership. The Times of India. May 19, 2014. November 3, 2014. April 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161705/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/UGC-NET-course/articleshow/35323527.cms. live.
  26. Data Recognition Corporation (DRC) Announces Agreement To Acquire Key Assets of the CTB Assessment Business of McGraw-Hill Education. prnewswire.com.
  27. NELSON Acquires McGraw-Hill Ryerson's K-12 Business Becoming the Largest Canadian-Operated Publisher. www.nelson.com. en. November 1, 2017. August 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200803204057/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nelson-acquires-mcgraw-hill-ryersons-k-12-business-becoming-the-largest-canadian-operated-publisher-622007003.html. live.
  28. Web site: McGraw-Hill Expands Options to Make Course Materials More Affordable with New Rental Program. February 8, 2018. www.mheducation.com.
  29. McGraw-Hill Education Reimagines Math and Science Instruction with Two New Curricula, Reveal Math and Inspire Science . May 16, 2020 . October 27, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201027125614/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mcgraw-hill-education-reimagines-math-and-science-instruction-with-two-new-curricula-reveal-math-and-inspire-science-300779834.html . live .
  30. Web site: Cengage and McGraw-Hill merge Inside Higher Ed. www.insidehighered.com. en. June 18, 2019. November 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201108003102/https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2019/05/02/cengage-and-mcgraw-hill-merge. live.
  31. Web site: McGraw-Hill, Cengage Agree to Merge. Publishers Weekly. July 8, 2019. November 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201102033831/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/industry-deals/article/79930-mcgraw-hill-cengage-agree-to-merge.html. live.
  32. News: McGraw-Hill, Cengage Jointly Agree to Terminate Planned Merger. Bloomberg.com. May 4, 2020. www.bloomberg.com. May 10, 2020. November 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201129022213/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-04/mcgraw-hill-cengage-jointly-agree-to-terminate-planned-merger. live.
  33. Web site: About Us: Corporate History: Development . May 26, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070807120035/http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/aboutus/history_development.shtml . August 7, 2007 . mdy-all .
  34. Web site: Platts History . May 26, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070502232634/http://www.platts.com/About%20Platts/history.html . May 2, 2007 .
  35. News: 0362-4331. Blakiston Books Sold; McGraw-Hill Acquires Medical Subsidiary of Doubleday. The New York Times. November 10, 2019. October 18, 1954. January 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126161740/https://www.nytimes.com/1954/10/18/archives/blakiston-books-sold-mcgrawhill-acquires-medical-subsidiary-of.html. live.
  36. Web site: About Us: Corporate History: Expansion . May 26, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100329010046/http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/aboutus/history_expansion.shtml . March 29, 2010 . dead .
  37. Web site: The McGraw-Hill Companies Timeline . August 23, 2014 . January 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210111005250/https://ulib.niu.edu/publishers/McGraw-Hill.htm . dead .
  38. News: McGraw-Hill Is Buying 2 Random House Units . Edwin McDowell . . September 29, 1988 . February 11, 2017 . July 8, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180708105901/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/29/business/the-media-business-mcgraw-hill-is-buying-2-random-house-units.html . live .
  39. News: Company news: McGraw Hill to buy stake in Schoolbook Publisher. The New York Times. August 27, 1993. March 24, 2018. September 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200903041115/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/27/business/company-news-mcgraw-hill-to-buy-stake-in-schoolbook-publisher.html. live.
  40. Web site: Storch. Charles. 47% of Staff at Laidlaw get the ax. chicagotribune.com. June 5, 1987. March 6, 2021. November 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191110193407/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-06-05-8702110613-story.html. live.
  41. News: Times Mirror in Two Deals To Bolster Legal Publisher . Iver Peterson . . July 4, 1996 . September 1, 2009 . September 7, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200907051040/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/04/business/the-media-business-times-mirror-in-two-deals-to-bolster-legal-publisher.html . live .
  42. Web site: The McGraw-Hill Companies to Acquire Micropal . May 26, 2007 . October 28, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181028025225/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+McGraw-Hill+Companies+to+Acquire+Micropal-a019861914 . dead .
  43. Web site: The McGraw-Hill Companies Completes Acquisition of Appleton & Lange . The McGraw-Hill Companies . June 25, 1999 . May 26, 2007 . dead . https://archive.today/20130103164118/http://investor.mcgraw-hill.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=96562&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=38035&highlight= . January 3, 2013 . mdy-all .
  44. Web site: The McGraw-Hill Companies To Acquire Tribune Education; Acquisition Strengthens McGraw-Hill Education's Leadership Position . The McGraw-Hill Companies . June 26, 2000 . May 26, 2007 . dead . https://archive.today/20120717001139/http://investor.mcgraw-hill.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=96562&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=100955&highlight= . July 17, 2012 . mdy-all .
  45. Web site: McGraw-Hill to Acquire Mayfield Publishing Company. Publishing Executive. November 11, 2019. November 1, 2000 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20191111220415/https://www.pubexec.com/article/mcgraw-hill-acquire-mayfield-publishing-company-18541/ . November 11, 2019 .
  46. Web site: The McGraw-Hill Companies Completes Acquisition of J.D. Power and Associates . The McGraw-Hill Companies . https://archive.today/20130103211916/http://investor.mcgraw-hill.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=96562&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=691040&highlight= . dead . January 3, 2013 . May 26, 2007 .
  47. Web site: McGraw-Hill Acquires Math Technology Company Key Curriculum . registration . Marketplace K-12 – Education Week . Jason . Tomassini . August 2, 2012 . June 18, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150115070158/http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/marketplacek12/2012/08/mcgraw-hill_acquires_math_technology_co_key_curriculum.html . January 15, 2015 .
  48. Web site: McGraw-Hill Education Agrees to Buy Adaptive Learning Technology Firm . Saabira . Chaudhuri . June 20, 2013 . The Wall Street Journal . June 18, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140701154441/https://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20130620-705316.html . July 1, 2014 .
  49. Web site: McGraw-Hill Acquires Adaptive Learning Company . February 9, 2014 . Inside Higher Ed . subscription . June 18, 2014 . June 11, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200611044723/https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2014/02/10/mcgraw-hill-acquires-adaptive-learning-company . live .
  50. Web site: McGraw-Hill Buys Engrade For ~$50M As It Moves Away From Textbooks, Towards A Future Of SaaS . February 10, 2014 . TechCrunch . Rip . Empson . June 18, 2014 . December 4, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204183447/https://techcrunch.com/2014/02/09/mcgraw-hill-buys-engrade-for-50m-as-it-moves-away-from-textbooks-towards-a-future-of-saas/ . live .
  51. Web site: McGraw-Hill Education Acquires Redbird Advanced Learning, A Digital Personalized Learning Provider for K-12 . September 30, 2016 . October 3, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161003185341/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/mcgraw-hill-education-acquires-redbird-165700992.html . live .
  52. . McGraw Hill Acquires Kidaptive, an Adaptive and Personalized Learning Company . New York . McGraw Hill . PR Newswire . March 16, 2021 . September 15, 2021.
  53. . McGraw Hill Acquires Triad Interactive, Developer of SIMnet, an Online Training Platform for Microsoft Office . New York . McGraw Hill . PR Newswire . May 4, 2021 . September 15, 2021 . September 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210915182433/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mcgraw-hill-acquires-triad-interactive-developer-of-simnet-an-online-training-platform-for-microsoft-office-301282562.html . live .
  54. News: Brian . Bradley . McGraw Hill to Acquire Achieve3000, in Major Pairing of Classroom Product Providers . EdWeek Market Brief . August 30, 2021 . September 15, 2021 . September 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210915182434/https://marketbrief.edweek.org/marketplace-k-12/mcgraw-hill-acquire-achieve3000-major-pairing-classroom-product-providers/ . live .
  55. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/19/books/mcgraw-hill-drops-baldwin-suit.html "McGraw-Hill Drops Baldwin Suit"
  56. Textbook Company to Update Description of Slaves as 'Workers' After Criticism . Basu . Tanya . October 4, 2015 . . October 5, 2015 . November 8, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108161515/https://time.com/4060687/mcgraw-hill-slavery-trade-textbook/ . live .
  57. Web site: Publisher Promises Revisions After Textbook Refers to African Slaves as 'Workers' . Hauser . Christine . October 5, 2015 . . October 5, 2015 . February 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210221083218/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/06/us/publisher-promises-revisions-after-textbook-refers-to-african-slaves-as-workers.html . live .
  58. Web site: McGraw-Hill to rewrite textbook after mom's complaint . Mcafee . Melonyce . October 4, 2015 . . October 5, 2015 . Texas has been a battleground in the fight over changes to textbooks that some say concede too much ground to conservative viewpoints on subjects such as climate change, religious liberty and slavery. . November 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201113203136/https://www.cnn.com/2015/10/04/living/mcgraw-hill-slavery-textbook-mom-complaint-feat/ . live .
  59. News: Schermele . Zach . Why Are Textbooks So Expensive? . June 19, 2023 . Teen Vogue . March 4, 2020.
  60. News: Fazackerley . Anna . 'Price gouging from Covid': student ebooks costing up to 500% more than in print . June 19, 2023 . The Guardian . January 29, 2021.

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