Keratin 2A Explained

Keratin 2A also known as keratin 2E or keratin 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT2A gene.^{[1] [2]}

Keratin 2A is a type II cytokeratin. It is found largely in the upper spinous layer of epidermal keratinocytes and mutations in the gene encoding this protein have been associated with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens.^[3]

Further reading

• Whittock NV, Ashton GH, Griffiths WA, etal . New mutations in keratin 1 that cause bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and keratin 2e that cause ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens. . Br. J. Dermatol. . 145 . 2 . 330–5 . 2001 . 11531804 . 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04327.x . 36140204 .
• Lan L, Hayes CS, Laury-Kleintop L, Gilmour SK . Suprabasal induction of ornithine decarboxylase in adult mouse skin is sufficient to activate keratinocytes. . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 124 . 3 . 602–14 . 2005 . 15737202 . 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23620.x . free .
• Takizawa Y, Akiyama M, Nagashima M, Shimizu H . A novel asparagine→aspartic acid mutation in the rod 1A domain in keratin 2e in a Japanese family with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens. . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 114 . 1 . 193–5 . 2000 . 10620137 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00817.x . free .
• Bloor BK, Tidman N, Leigh IM, etal . Expression of Keratin K2e in Cutaneous and Oral Lesions : Association with Keratinocyte Activation, Proliferation, and Keratinization . Am. J. Pathol. . 162 . 3 . 963–75 . 2003 . 12598329 . 1868097 . 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63891-6 .
• Basarab T, Smith FJ, Jolliffe VM, etal . Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens: report of a family with evidence of a keratin 2e mutation, and a review of the literature . Br. J. Dermatol. . 140 . 4 . 689–95 . 1999 . 10233323 . 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02772.x . 40212035 .
• Smith LT, Underwood RA, McLean WH . Ontogeny and regional variability of keratin 2e (K2e) in developing human fetal skin: a unique spatial and temporal pattern of keratin expression in development . Br. J. Dermatol. . 140 . 4 . 582–91 . 1999 . 10233306 . 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02755.x . 22985265 .
• Suga Y, Arin MJ, Scott G, etal . Hot spot mutations in keratin 2e suggest a correlation between genotype and phenotype in patients with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens . Exp. Dermatol. . 9 . 1 . 11–5 . 2000 . 10688369 . 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009001011.x . 11775232 .
• Nishizawa A, Toyomaki Y, Nakano A, etal . A novel H1 domain mutation in the keratin 2 gene in a Japanese family with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens . Br. J. Dermatol. . 156 . 5 . 1042–4 . 2007 . 17408392 . 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07832.x . 46240156 .
• Arin MJ, Longley MA, Epstein EH, etal . A novel mutation in the 1A domain of keratin 2e in ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 112 . 3 . 380–2 . 1999 . 10084318 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00529.x . free .
• Akiyama M, Tsuji-Abe Y, Yanagihara M, etal . Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens: its correct diagnosis facilitated by molecular genetic testing . Br. J. Dermatol. . 152 . 6 . 1353–6 . 2005 . 15949009 . 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06598.x . 19701339 .
• Schweizer J, Bowden PE, Coulombe PA, etal . New consensus nomenclature for mammalian keratins . J. Cell Biol. . 174 . 2 . 169–74 . 2006 . 16831889 . 2064177 . 10.1083/jcb.200603161 .
• Barbe L, Lundberg E, Oksvold P, etal . Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome . Mol. Cell. Proteomics . 7 . 3 . 499–508 . 2008 . 18029348 . 10.1074/mcp.M700325-MCP200 . free .
• Yang JM, Lee ES, Kang HJ, etal . A glutamate to lysine mutation at the end of 2B rod domain of keratin 2e gene in ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens . Acta Derm. Venereol. . 78 . 6 . 417–9 . 1998 . 9833038 . 10.1080/000155598442683 . free .
• Grimsby S, Jaensson H, Dubrovska A, etal . Proteomics-based identification of proteins interacting with Smad3: SREBP-2 forms a complex with Smad3 and inhibits its transcriptional activity . FEBS Lett. . 577 . 1–2 . 93–100 . 2004 . 15527767 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.09.069 . 82568 . free .
• Moraru R, Cserhalmi-Friedman PB, Grossman ME, etal . Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens resulting from a novel missense mutation near the helix termination motif of the keratin 2e gene . Clin. Exp. Dermatol. . 24 . 5 . 412–5 . 1999 . 10564334 . 10.1046/j.1365-2230.1999.00514.x . 25442636 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 528928 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 .
• Irvine AD, Smith FJ, Shum KW, etal . A novel mutation in the 2B domain of keratin 2e causing ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens . Clin. Exp. Dermatol. . 25 . 8 . 648–51 . 2000 . 11167982 . 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00728.x . 8740249 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2002 . 12477932 . 139241 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Frum R, Busby SA, Ramamoorthy M, etal . HDM2-binding partners: interaction with translation elongation factor EF1alpha . J. Proteome Res. . 6 . 4 . 1410–7 . 2007 . 17373842 . 4626875 . 10.1021/pr060584p .

Notes and References

1. Collin C, Moll R, Kubicka S, Ouhayoun JP, Franke WW . Characterization of human cytokeratin 2, an epidermal cytoskeletal protein synthesized late during differentiation . Exp. Cell Res. . 202 . 1 . 132–41 . September 1992 . 1380918 . 10.1016/0014-4827(92)90412-2.
2. Smith FJ, Maingi C, Covello SP, Higgins C, Schmidt M, Lane EB, Uitto J, Leigh IM, McLean WH . Genomic organization and fine mapping of the keratin 2e gene (KRT2E): K2e V1 domain polymorphism and novel mutations in ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 111 . 5 . 817–21 . November 1998 . 9804344 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00371.x . free .
3. Rothnagel JA, Traupe H, Wojcik S, Huber M, Hohl D, Pittelkow MR, Saeki H, Ishibashi Y, Roop DR . Mutations in the rod domain of keratin 2e in patients with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens . Nat. Genet. . 7 . 4 . 485–90 . August 1994 . 7524919 . 10.1038/ng0894-485 . 9123045 .