Keratin 16 Explained

Keratin 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT16 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Keratin 16 is a type I cytokeratin. It is paired with keratin 6 in a number of epithelial tissues, including nail bed, esophagus, tongue, and hair follicles. Mutations in the gene encoding this protein are associated with the genetic skin disorders including pachyonychia congenita, non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma and unilateral palmoplantar verrucous nevus.^[4]

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Pachyonychia Congenita

Further reading

• Liao H, Sayers JM, Wilson NJ, etal . A spectrum of mutations in keratins K6a, K16 and K17 causing pachyonychia congenita . J. Dermatol. Sci. . 48 . 3 . 199–205 . 2007 . 17719747 . 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.07.003 .
• Barcelos AC, Sotto MN . Comparative analysis of the expression of cytokeratins (1, 10, 14, 16, 4), involucrin, filaggrin and e-cadherin in plane warts and epidermodysplasia verruciformis plane wart-type lesions . J. Cutan. Pathol. . 36 . 6 . 647–54 . 2009 . 19515043 . 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01127.x . 205816580 .
• Wang YN, Chang WC . Induction of disease-associated keratin 16 gene expression by epidermal growth factor is regulated through cooperation of transcription factors Sp1 and c-Jun . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 46 . 45848–57 . 2003 . 12954631 . 10.1074/jbc.M302630200 . free .
• Bai ZL, Feng YG, Tan SS, etal . Mutations of KRT6A are more frequent than those of KRT16 in pachyonychia congenita type 1: report of a novel and a recently reported mutation in two unrelated Chinese families . Br. J. Dermatol. . 159 . 1 . 238–40 . 2008 . 18489596 . 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08603.x . 32875094 .
• Harris RA, Yang A, Stein RC, etal . Cluster analysis of an extensive human breast cancer cell line protein expression map database . Proteomics . 2 . 2 . 212–23 . 2002 . 11840567 . 10.1002/1615-9861(200202)2:2<212::AID-PROT212>3.0.CO;2-H . 44946014 .
• van Lingen RG, Poll MK, Seyger MM, etal . Distribution of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV on keratinocytes in the margin zone of a psoriatic lesion: a comparison with hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation markers . Arch. Dermatol. Res. . 300 . 10 . 561–7 . 2008 . 18496701 . 10.1007/s00403-008-0862-1 . free .
• Nishizawa M, Izawa I, Inoko A, etal . Identification of trichoplein, a novel keratin filament-binding protein . J. Cell Sci. . 118 . Pt 5 . 1081–90 . 2005 . 15731013 . 10.1242/jcs.01667 . free .
• Bhawan J, Bansal C, Whren K, etal . K16 expression in uninvolved psoriatic skin: a possible marker of pre-clinical psoriasis . J. Cutan. Pathol. . 31 . 7 . 471–6 . 2004 . 15239676 . 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.0220.x . 20099397 .
• Terrinoni A, Puddu P, Didona B, etal . A mutation in the V1 domain of K16 is responsible for unilateral palmoplantar verrucous nevus . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 114 . 6 . 1136–40 . 2000 . 10844556 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00983.x . free .
• Ito Y, Kurokawa I, Nishimura K, etal . Keratin and filaggrin expression in keratoacanthoma . J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol . 22 . 3 . 353–5 . 2008 . 18005116 . 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02440.x . 37712127 .
• Smith FJ, Fisher MP, Healy E, etal . Novel keratin 16 mutations and protein expression studies in pachyonychia congenita type 1 and focal palmoplantar keratoderma . Exp. Dermatol. . 9 . 3 . 170–7 . 2000 . 10839714 . 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009003170.x . 44384231 .
• Yu JQ, Zhuang H, Xiu Y, etal . Small urine leak after renal transplantation: detection by delayed 99mTc-DTPA renography--a case report . J Nucl Med Technol . 33 . 1 . 31–3 . 2005 . 15731018 .
• Wu C, Li C, Wei L, Zheng Z . Innate immune modulation of keratinocytes by antikeratin 16 antibodies . Exp. Dermatol. . 17 . 8 . 645–52 . 2008 . 18557933 . 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00682.x . 21212353 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 528928 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2002 . 12477932 . 139241 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Terrinoni A, Smith FJ, Didona B, etal . Novel and recurrent mutations in the genes encoding keratins K6a, K16 and K17 in 13 cases of pachyonychia congenita . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 117 . 6 . 1391–6 . 2001 . 11886499 . 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01565.x . free .
• Chen YJ, Wang YN, Chang WC . ERK2-mediated C-terminal serine phosphorylation of p300 is vital to the regulation of epidermal growth factor-induced keratin 16 gene expression . J. Biol. Chem. . 282 . 37 . 27215–28 . 2007 . 17623675 . 10.1074/jbc.M700264200 . free .
• Connors JB, Rahil AK, Smith FJ, etal . Delayed-onset pachyonychia congenita associated with a novel mutation in the central 2B domain of keratin 16 . Br. J. Dermatol. . 144 . 5 . 1058–62 . 2001 . 11359398 . 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04199.x . 22597662 .

Notes and References

1. Rosenberg M, RayChaudhury A, Shows TB, Le Beau MM, Fuchs E . A group of type I keratin genes on human chromosome 17: characterization and expression . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 8 . 2 . 722–36 . February 1988 . 2451124 . 363198 . 10.1128/mcb.8.2.722.
2. Rosenberg M, Fuchs E, Le Beau MM, Eddy RL, Shows TB . Three epidermal and one simple epithelial type II keratin genes map to human chromosome 12 . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. . 57 . 1 . 33–8 . 1991 . 1713141 . 10.1159/000133109.
3. Schweizer J, Bowden PE, Coulombe PA, Langbein L, Lane EB, Magin TM, Maltais L, Omary MB, Parry DA, Rogers MA, Wright MW . New consensus nomenclature for mammalian keratins . J. Cell Biol. . 174 . 2 . 169–74 . July 2006 . 16831889 . 2064177 . 10.1083/jcb.200603161 .
4. Shamsher MK, Navsaria HA, Stevens HP, Ratnavel RC, Purkis PE, Kelsell DP, McLean WH, Cook LJ, Griffiths WA, Gschmeissner S . Novel mutations in keratin 16 gene underlie focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (NEPPK) in two families . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 4 . 10 . 1875–81 . October 1995 . 8595410 . 10.1093/hmg/4.10.1875.