Keratin 15 Explained

Keratin 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT15 gene.^{[1] [2]} It has also been referred to as cytokeratin 15, K1CO and KRTB.

Keratin 15 is a type I cytokeratin. It is well-expressed in the basal layer of complex epithelia. However, acral keratinocytes express little to no keratin 15.^[3]

References

Further reading

• Radoja N, Stojadinovic O, Waseem A, Tomic-Canic M, Milisavljevic V, Teebor S, Blumenberg M . Thyroid hormones and gamma interferon specifically increase K15 keratin gene transcription . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 24 . 8 . 3168–3179 . April 2004 . 15060141 . 381600 . 10.1128/MCB.24.8.3168-3179.2004 .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . 6 . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–1178 . October 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 4427026 . 2005Natur.437.1173R .
• Rittié L, Stoll SW, Kang S, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ . Hedgehog signaling maintains hair follicle stem cell phenotype in young and aged human skin . Aging Cell . 8 . 6 . 738–751 . December 2009 . 20050020 . 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00526.x . free . 8832389 . 2027.42/78718 .
• Waseem A, Dogan B, Tidman N, Alam Y, Purkis P, Jackson S, Lalli A, Machesney M, Leigh IM . 6 . Keratin 15 expression in stratified epithelia: downregulation in activated keratinocytes . The Journal of Investigative Dermatology . 112 . 3 . 362–369 . March 1999 . 10084315 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00535.x . free .
• Blumenberg M, Savtchenko ES . Linkage of human keratin genes . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 42 . 1–2 . 65–71 . 1986 . 2424675 . 10.1159/000132253 .
• Marchuk D, McCrohon S, Fuchs E . Complete sequence of a gene encoding a human type I keratin: sequences homologous to enhancer elements in the regulatory region of the gene . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 82 . 6 . 1609–1613 . March 1985 . 2580298 . 397321 . 10.1073/pnas.82.6.1609 . free . 1985PNAS...82.1609M .
• Bader BL, Jahn L, Franke WW . Low level expression of cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 in vascular smooth muscle cells of human umbilical cord and in cultured cells derived therefrom, with an analysis of the chromosomal locus containing the cytokeratin 19 gene . European Journal of Cell Biology . 47 . 2 . 300–319 . December 1988 . 2468493 .
• Choi CW, Park HS, Kim YK, Lee SH, Cho KH . Elastic fiber staining and cytokeratin 15 expression pattern in trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma . The Journal of Dermatology . 35 . 8 . 499–502 . August 2008 . 18789069 . 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00510.x . 36019385 . free .
• Romano V, Bosco P, Rocchi M, Costa G, Leube RE, Franke WW, Romeo G . Chromosomal assignments of human type I and type II cytokeratin genes to different chromosomes . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 48 . 3 . 148–151 . 1988 . 2466616 . 10.1159/000132612 .
• Leube RE, Bader BL, Bosch FX, Zimbelmann R, Achtstaetter T, Franke WW . Molecular characterization and expression of the stratification-related cytokeratins 4 and 15 . The Journal of Cell Biology . 106 . 4 . 1249–1261 . April 1988 . 2452170 . 2114990 . 10.1083/jcb.106.4.1249 .
• Hanukoglu I, Fuchs E . The cDNA sequence of a human epidermal keratin: divergence of sequence but conservation of structure among intermediate filament proteins . Cell . 31 . 1 . 243–252 . November 1982 . 6186381 . 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90424-X . 35796315 .
• Celis JE, Gromova I, Cabezón T, Gromov P, Shen T, Timmermans-Wielenga V, Rank F, Moreira JM . 6 . Identification of a subset of breast carcinomas characterized by expression of cytokeratin 15: relationship between CK15+ progenitor/amplified cells and pre-malignant lesions and invasive disease . Molecular Oncology . 1 . 3 . 321–349 . December 2007 . 19383306 . 5543867 . 10.1016/j.molonc.2007.09.004 .
• Werner S, Munz B . Suppression of keratin 15 expression by transforming growth factor beta in vitro and by cutaneous injury in vivo . Experimental Cell Research . 254 . 1 . 80–90 . January 2000 . 10623468 . 10.1006/excr.1999.4726 .
• Whittock NV, Eady RA, McGrath JA . Genomic organization and amplification of the human keratin 15 and keratin 19 genes . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 267 . 1 . 462–465 . January 2000 . 10623642 . 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1966 .
• Al-Refu K, Goodfield M . Hair follicle stem cells in the pathogenesis of the scarring process in cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Autoimmunity Reviews . 8 . 6 . 474–477 . May 2009 . 19162247 . 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.12.015 .

Notes and References

1. Barletta C, Batticane N, Ragusa RM, Leube R, Peschle C, Romano V . Subchromosomal localization of two human cytokeratin genes (KRT4 and KRT15) by in situ hybridization . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 54 . 3–4 . 148–150 . 1990 . 1702379 . 10.1159/000132979 .
2. Schweizer J, Bowden PE, Coulombe PA, Langbein L, Lane EB, Magin TM, Maltais L, Omary MB, Parry DA, Rogers MA, Wright MW . 6 . New consensus nomenclature for mammalian keratins . The Journal of Cell Biology . 174 . 2 . 169–174 . July 2006 . 16831889 . 2064177 . 10.1083/jcb.200603161 .
3. Merleev AA, Le ST, Alexanian C, Toussi A, Xie Y, Marusina AI, Watkins SM, Patel F, Billi AC, Wiedemann J, Izumiya Y, Kumar A, Uppala R, Kahlenberg JM, Liu FT, Adamopoulos IE, Wang EA, Ma C, Cheng MY, Xiong H, Kirane A, Luxardi G, Andersen B, Tsoi LC, Lebrilla CB, Gudjonsson JE, Maverakis E . 6 . Biogeographic and disease-specific alterations in epidermal lipid composition and single-cell analysis of acral keratinocytes . JCI Insight . 7 . 16 . e159762 . August 2022 . 35900871 . 9462509 . 10.1172/jci.insight.159762 .