Kennedy's Bush Scenic Reserve Explained

Kennedy's Bush Scenic Reserve
Image Alt:Kennedy's Bush Scenic Reserve
Map:New Zealand Christchurch
Location:Port Hills
Nearest City:Christchurch
Coordinates:-43.6287°N 172.621°W
Created:1906
Operator:Christchurch City Council
Founder:Harry Ell
Etymology:Named after Thomas Kennedy
Elevation:400m (1,300feet)
Area:[1]

Kennedy's Bush Scenic Reserve is a public conservation reserve in the Port Hills south of Christchurch, New Zealand. It sits above the suburb of Kennedys Bush on the northern side of the hills, just north of Ōrongomai / Cass Peak.[2] The reserve is covered in dense native bush, and at it is the largest remaining patch of native bush on the Port Hills.[1]

Ecology

In 1906 a survey found 96 species of flora in the reserve.[3] Today the reserve still contains a wide variety of native species of plant. These include ferns, grasses, trees and climbing flowers, as well as and some threatened species including native speargrass, kānuka, rōhutu,[4] and tōtara.[5] [6]

Native birds are present in the reserve, including korimako,[5] riroriro, kererū,[1] and pīwakawaka.[7] Tūī were also present during the early 20th century.[8]

Pest control has been ongoing in the area as far back as 1920, when more than 4000 rabbits were trapped in the area.[9] Multiple agencies and community groups have been working to eliminate pest animals in the reserve since the 1990s.[1] Pest species include rats, feral cats, mustelids and possums.[10]

History

The area was originally owned by Thomas Kennedy from 1856, who harvested timber from the forest. Beginning in 1900 politician Harry Ell began a campaign to preserve access to walking tracks[11] and the remaining remnants of native bush on the Port Hills. In 1903 he was instrumental in getting the Scenery Preservation Act through parliament.[12] In 1906 with a subsidy from Prime Minister Richard Seddon and some additional fundraising, he was able to purchase of the bush and release it as Crown land.[13] [11] The remainder was acquired by the Scenery Preservation Board after 1908 from landowners including Heaton Rhodes.[14]

There was a fire that destroyed of the native forest in 1931,[15] though it mostly only damaged the fringes of the forest.[16]

The reserve contains a number of walking tracks, and is accessible from the Crater Rim walking track.[17] In 2023 a carpark and lookout was opened in the reserve on the south side of Summit Road,[18] [19] opposite the Sign of the Bellbird, with a cost of .[20]

The reserve avoided sustaining major damage during the 2017 Port Hills fires.[21]

Management

Since 1947[22] the reserve is owned and administered by the Christchurch City Council, despite technically being outside of Christchurch City.[23]

Sign of the Bellbird

Harry Ell had a vision of a road along the Port Hills, with tea rooms at regular points for visitors to rest at. The first of these was a stone cottage at the top of Kennedy's Bush, which was finished in 1914[24] and opened in 1915.[25] Designed by Samuel Hurst Seager,[24] [14] it was built from red stone quarried on location.[14] The first caretakers were the Potters, and then the Wilsons from 1915.[24] Ell initially named the resting place Orongomai, which is the te reo Māori name for Cass Peak.[26] In 1922 the location was renamed to be the Sign of the Bellbird.[24] The buildings were the site of a post office and telephone bureau until 1922.[24] [27] Ell died in June 1934.

The buildings were abandoned in 1942. By the mid-1940s it was in a state of disrepair and had been the target of vandalism.[24] In 1947 the Christchurch City Council took over the reserve and began to restore the buildings with a government grant. The buildings were further maintained in 1958, with a new roof built for the dining room.[28] Some buildings were demolished and an open-air shelter for walkers was constructed using the original stone.[27] The roof caught fire in 1967[29] and was rebuilt in 1971.[30] A fire destroyed the roof again in 2015[31] [27] and this was replaced in 2017.[27]

See also

References

Bibliography

Citations

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Christchurch's top five walks. en. Stuff. Kay. Holder. 23 September 2014. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20230417073759/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/christchurch-life/avenues/play/10490791/Christchurchs-top-five-walks. 17 April 2023.
  2. Web site: Canterbury Maps Open Data: Kennedy Bush. en. Canterbury Maps Open Data. 2 January 2024.
  3. Web site: Kennedy's Bush: Dr Cockayne's Visit: His Description of the Plants. en. Papers Past. The Lyttelton Times. 28 March 1906. 4. 2 January 2024.
  4. Web site: Kennedys Bush SR (KEND). en. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. 2 January 2024. Kelly. GC. http://web.archive.org/web/20230925190026/https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/plant-lists/plant-lists-by-region/kennedys-bush-sr-kend/. 25 September 2023. live.
  5. Web site: Best short loop tracks in Christchurch's Port Hills. en. Stuff. Yvonne. Martin. 25 January 2018. 2 January 2024.
  6. Book: The Summit Road Christchurch New Zealand. The Summit Road Scenic Society. 1973. 7. Native flora along the Summit Road.
  7. Web site: Kennedys Bush Scenic Reserve Check List. en. iNaturalist. 2 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240102052632/https://www.inaturalist.org/check_lists/197248-Kennedys-Bush-Scenic-Reserve-Check-List?iconic_taxon=3. 2 January 2024.
  8. Web site: The Lyttelton Times. Papers Past. 2 March 1907. George. Marriner. Animal Life in Kennedy's Bush. 2 January 2024.
  9. Web site: The Lyttelton Times. Papers Past. 17 June 1920. Summit Road Reserves Board. 2 January 2024. 9.
  10. The War on Pests. April 2009. Environment Canterbury. https://web.archive.org/web/20240102051146/https://api.ecan.govt.nz/TrimPublicAPI/documents/download/1172438. 2 January 2024. 2 January 2024. live. 31.
  11. Web site: Ell, Henry George. en. Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Eric. Pawson. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20231002175104/https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3e4/ell-henry-george. 2 October 2023.
  12. Web site: The Scenery Preservation Act. en. New Zealand History. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20230929044514/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/scenery-preservation/the-scenery-preservation-act. 29 September 2023. live.
  13. Web site: Kennedy's Bush poster. en. New Zealand History. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20230409161843/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/kennedys-bush. 9 April 2023. live.
  14. Web site: The Lyttelton Times. The Summit Road: Progress of the Work. en. Papers Past. 2 January 2024. 20 June 1914. 18.
  15. Web site: The Press. Kennedy's Bush burnt Out: Blaze on Hills: Farmer's Fire Gets Away. en. Papers Past. 2 January 2024. 10 October 1931. 14.
  16. Web site: The Press. General News. en. Papers Past. 2 January 2024. 12 October 1931. 8.
  17. Web site: Kennedy's Bush walks and tracks. en. Christchurch City Council. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20230929133309/https://ccc.govt.nz/parks-and-gardens/explore-parks/port-hills/kennedys-bush/. 29 September 2023.
  18. Web site: Port Hills lookout officially opened. John. Spurdle. en. Otago Daily Times Online News. 21 June 2023. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20230715223913/https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-south-today/port-hills-lookout-officially-opened. 15 July 2023.
  19. Web site: John Jameson Lookout. en. Summit Road Society. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20230929031227/https://www.summitroadsociety.org.nz/reserves/john-jameson-lookout/. 29 September 2023.
  20. Web site: Construction of new Port Hills lookout gets green light. en. Otago Daily Times Online News. 6 December 2021. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20220125225135/https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/construction-new-port-hills-lookout-gets-green-light. 25 January 2022.
  21. Web site: Port Hills fires: Decades of conservation work up in flames. en. Stuff. Charlie. Mitchell. 17 February 2017. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20190427000043/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/89468077/port-hills-fires-decades-of-conservation-work-up-in-flames. 27 April 2019.
  22. Web site: The Press. Summit Road Reserves: Transfer to City Council: Area of 400 Acres Involved. en. Papers Past. 2 January 2024. 8 November 1947. 6.
  23. Parks and Reserves Bylaw 2016. Bylaw. https://web.archive.org/web/20230925204006/https://ccc.govt.nz/assets/Documents/The-Council/Plans-Strategies-Policies-Bylaws/Bylaws/Parks-and-Reserves-Bylaw-2016.pdf. 25 September 2023. 2 January 2024. 5. 1 September 2016. en. 8 (Note).
  24. Web site: The Sign of the Bellbird. en. Canterbury Stories. Christchurch City Council. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20230927162232/https://canterburystories.nz/exhibitions/places-christchurch-buildings/sign-bellbird. 27 September 2023. live.
  25. Web site: The Lyttelton Times. Summit Road Association: Meeting of Executive. en. Papers Past. 2 January 2024. 13 February 1915. 12.
  26. Book: Cowan, James. Maori Folk Tales of the Port Hills. 1925. Whitcombe & Tombes. Christchurch. 2 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20230126142700/https://ngaitahu.maori.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Cowan-Port-Hills.pdf. 26 January 2023.
  27. Web site: Heritage Buildings: Sign of the Bellbird. en. Christchurch City Council. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20230608162828/https://ccc.govt.nz/culture-and-community/heritage/heritage-in-the-city/heritage-buildings. 8 June 2023. live.
  28. Web site: The Press. At the Sign of the Bellbird. en. Papers Past. 2 January 2024. 16 July 1958. 14.
  29. Web site: The Press. Council News in Brief. en. Papers Past. 2 January 2024. 20 May 1969. 26.
  30. Web site: The Press. Roof for Sign of Bellbird. en. Papers Past. 2 January 2024. 19 July 1971. 16.
  31. Web site: Suspicious fire at Sign of the Bellbird. en. Stuff. Ashleigh. Stewart. 7 September 2015. 2 January 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20230607062829/https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/71782998/suspicious-fire-at-sign-of-the-bellbird. 7 June 2023.

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