| Kenitra | |
| Native Name: | Arabic: القنيطرة |
| Seal Size: | 120px |
| Pushpin Map: | Morocco#Africa |
| Pushpin Relief: | yes |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 300 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Morocco |
| Coordinates: | 34.25°N -41°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Morocco |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Rabat-Salé-Kénitra |
| Subdivision Name2: | Kenitra |
| Established Title: | Founded |
| Established Date: | 1681 |
| Unit Pref: | metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 112 |
| Elevation M: | 26 |
| Population Total: | 431282 |
| Population As Of: | 2014 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Rank: | 9th in Morocco |
| Postal Code: | 2900 |
| Website: | http://www.kenitra.ma/ar/ |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
Kenitra (Arabic: القُنَيْطَرَة, Arabic: al-qunayṭara, pronounced as /ar/, [2]) is a city in northwestern Morocco. It is a port on the Sebou River with a population of 431,282 as of 2014.[3] It is one of the three main cities of the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region and the capital of the similarly named Kénitra Province. During the Cold War, the US Naval Air Station Port Lyautey served as a stopping point in North Africa.
The history of the city begins with the foundation of a trading post by Carthaginian explorer Hanno. It was known back then as Thamusida.[4]
In March 1912 the French government and the Sultan of Morocco, Abd al-Hafid, signed the Treaty of Fez. Because of his growing unpopularity, the Sultan asked the French government for protection against the Berber rebel tribes surrounding Fez. France appointed Hubert Lyautey resident-general in Morocco.
General Lyautey restored peace and order to the country after crushing the tribal uprising. After safely moving the Sultan from Fez to the current capital city, Rabat, Lyautey began his task of civilian administration.
One of the first preoccupations of General Lyautey was to build ports along the inhabitable Atlantic coast where there were no natural harbors. He established Port Lyautey in 1912 as a French military fort and town. Its port, at the mouth of the Sebou river, was opened in 1913.[5] It soon became the best river port in Morocco.[6] Kenitra draws its name from a culvert built at Fouarat lake upstream of the kasbah. This culvert was destroyed in 1928. In 1933, the French officially named the locale "Port Lyautey".
It was renamed "Quneitra" in 1956 as Morocco gained its independence. The city has grown rapidly to be a shipping centre for agricultural produce (mainly fruit), fish, timber, and lead and zinc ores. The city's industrial area lies upstream of the port.
In November 1942, after Operation Torch, the Americans captured the Port Lyautey French fighter base as a military base, named Craw Field. For three months the 21st Engineer Aviation Regiment worked on the airfield. In February 1943 the Seabees of the 120th Naval Construction Battalion took over all construction activities.[7] The Navy ran the base until 1947, when the State Department negotiated reversion of control to France. In 1950, a $23,000,000 expansion was authorized, but then the Korean War diverted resources. In the 1950s, nearly 10,000 people were on the base making it the largest aggregation of Americans in any one overseas base outside Japan. Later, the base in Kenitra was expanded to become a U.S. Naval Air Station.[8]
The base was shared by both the US and Morocco through the Cold War. A small Navy communications out-station in Sidi Yahia closed in the late 1970s. The Air Station was closed in 1991.
Kenitra has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). In summer, there are 27.4 days on average in which the maximum daily temperature is at 30C or higher, and 1.6 days with max temperature above 40C. Winters are mild and rainy, with sub-freezing temperatures occurring only 0.3 days per year on average. The highest recorded temperature was 47.7C on 1 August 2003, and the coldest was -3C on 13 February 2012.
| Colspan=14 | Climate data for Kenitra (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |
| Mean number of days with thunder | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 16.4 | |
| Number of days with wind speed > 10m/s | 9.6 | 10.5 | 16.7 | 20.7 | 24.4 | 24.1 | 22.5 | 21.8 | 20.3 | 14.2 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 204.8 |
See main article: KAC Kenitra. In 1938, a group of Kenitra natives created KAC. This group of soccer lovers wanted to resist French domination in sports in Morocco.The team, made entirely of Kenitra natives, succeeded in reaching the premier Moroccan soccer league in 1956. In 1960, KAC won its first championship league of Morocco. KAC embarked in a journey of glories by winning the 1973-81-82 championship leagues and the 1961 throne cup. Ahmed Souiri was a long-time manager and coach. KAC has produced many international players. Noureddine Bouyahyaoui and Labid Khalifa were among the players who helped the Moroccan national soccer team qualify for the second round of the World Cup finals in Mexico in 1986. Mohammed Boussati still holds a national record of goals by scoring 25 goals in one soccer championship season in 1981–82.
Its home is the Kenitra Municipal Stadium which has a capacity of 15,000 people.[12]
The KAC Kénitra was a very successful basketball team during the 70s and 80s.
Kenitra was the birthplace of: