Kelch motif explained
| Symbol: | Kelch_1 |
| Kelch motif |
| Pfam: | PF01344 |
| Interpro: | IPR006652 |
| Smart: | Kelch |
| Scop: | 1gof |
| Opm Family: | 319 |
| Opm Protein: | 3ii7 |
| Symbol: | Kelch_2 |
| Kelch motif |
| Pfam: | PF07646 |
| Pfam Clan: | CL0186 |
| Interpro: | IPR011498 |
| Scop: | 1gof |
| Symbol: | Kelch_3 |
| Galactose oxidase, central domain |
| Pfam: | PF13415 |
| Pfam Clan: | CL0186 |
| Symbol: | Kelch_4 |
| Galactose oxidase, central domain |
| Pfam: | PF13418 |
| Pfam Clan: | CL0186 |
| Symbol: | Kelch_5 |
| Kelch motif |
| Pfam: | PF13854 |
| Pfam Clan: | CL0186 |
| Symbol: | Kelch_6 |
| Kelch motif |
| Pfam: | PF13964 |
| Pfam Clan: | CL0186 |
The Kelch motif is a region of protein sequence found widely in proteins from bacteria and eukaryotes.[1] This sequence motif is composed of about 50 amino acid residues which form a structure of a four stranded beta-sheet "blade". This sequence motif is found in between five and eight tandem copies per protein which fold together to form a larger circular solenoid structure called a beta-propeller domain.
Proteins containing Kelch motifs
The Kelch motif is widely found in eukaryotic and bacterial species. Notably the human genome contains around 100 proteins containing the Kelch motif. Within individual proteins the motif occurs multiple times. For example, the motif appears 6 times in Drosophila egg-chamber regulatory protein. The motif is also found in mouse protein MIPP[2] and in a number of poxviruses. In addition, kelch repeats have been recognised in alpha- and beta-scruin,[3] [4] in galactose oxidase from the fungus Dactylium dendroides,[5] [6] and in the Escherichia coli NanM protein, a sialic acid mutarotase.[7]
Structure
The structure of galactose oxidase reveals that the repeated Kelch sequence motif corresponds to a 4-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet motif that forms the repeat unit in a super-barrel structural fold commonly known as a beta propeller.[8]
Function
The known functions of kelch-containing proteins are diverse:
- scruin is an actin cross-linking protein;
- galactose oxidase catalyses the oxidation of the hydroxyl group at the C6 position in D-galactose;
- neuraminidase hydrolyses sialic acid residues from glycoproteins;
- NanM is a sialic acid mutarotase, involved in efficient utilisation of sialic acid by bacteria;
- kelch may have a cytoskeletal function, as it is localised to the actin-rich ring canals that connect the 15 nurse cells to the developing oocyte in Drosophila.
See also
Notes and References
- Adams J, Kelso R, Cooley L . The kelch repeat superfamily of proteins: propellers of cell function . Trends Cell Biol. . 10 . 1 . 17–24 . January 2000 . 10603472 . 10.1016/S0962-8924(99)01673-6.
- 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90397-9 . Xue F, Cooley L . kelch encodes a component of intercellular bridges in Drosophila egg chambers . Cell . 72 . 5 . 681–693 . 1993 . 8453663. free .
- Way M, Sanders M, Matsudaira P, Chafel M, Knight A, Tu YH . beta-Scruin, a homologue of the actin crosslinking protein scruin, is localized to the acrosomal vesicle of Limulus sperm . J. Cell Sci. . 108 . 3155–3162 . 1995 . 10 . 10.1242/jcs.108.10.3155 . 7593276.
- 10.1083/jcb.128.1.51 . Way M, Sakai J, Sanders M, Garcia C, Matsudaira P . Sequence and domain organization of scruin, an actin-cross-linking protein in the acrosomal process of Limulus sperm . J. Cell Biol. . 128 . 1 . 51–60 . 1995 . 7822422 . 2120335.
- 10.1016/0022-2836(94)90056-6 . Doolittle RF, Bork P . Drosophila kelch motif is derived from a common enzyme fold . J. Mol. Biol. . 236 . 5 . 1277–1282 . 1994 . 8126718.
- Keen JN, Ito N, Phillips SE, Stevens C, Ogel ZB, McPherson MJ, Yadav KD, Knowles PF . Novel thioether bond revealed by a 1.7 A crystal structure of galactose oxidase . Nature . 350 . 6313 . 87–90 . 1991 . 2002850 . 10.1038/350087a0. 4345713 .
- Severi E, Müller A, Potts JR, Leech A, Williamson D, Wilson KS, Thomas GH . Sialic acid mutarotation is catalyzed by the Escherichia coli beta-propeller protein YjhT . J. Biol. Chem. . 283 . 8 . 4841–4849 . 2008 . 18063573 . 10.1074/jbc.m707822200. free .
- Ito N, Phillips SE, Yadav KD, Knowles PF . Crystal structure of a free radical enzyme, galactose oxidase . J. Mol. Biol. . 238 . 5 . 794–814 . 1994 . 8182749 . 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1335.
