Kala language should not be confused with Kela language (Bantu).
| Kala | |
| Also Known As: | Kela |
| States: | Papua New Guinea |
| Region: | Huon District, Morobe Province: Salamaua Rural LLG and Morobe Rural LLG |
| Speakers: | 2,200 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| Ref: | e18 |
| Familycolor: | Austronesian |
| Fam2: | Malayo-Polynesian |
| Fam3: | Oceanic |
| Fam4: | Western Oceanic |
| Fam5: | North New Guinea ? |
| Fam6: | Ngero–Vitiaz ? |
| Fam7: | Huon Gulf |
| Fam8: | North Huon Gulf |
| Iso3: | kcl |
| Glotto: | kela1255 |
| Glottorefname: | Kela (Papua New Guinea) |
Kala, also known as Kela, is an Austronesian language spoken by about 2200 people (in 2002) in several villages along the south coast of the Huon Gulf between Salamaua Peninsula and the Paiawa River, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.
The principal villages from north to south are:
There are four dialects of Kala. The three southern villages share a dialect with very minor differences found in the village of Kui while each of the northern villages has its own dialect.
Linguistically, Kala belongs to the North Huon Gulf languages and Kala-speakers appear to have arrived on the southern coast of the Gulf relatively recently, beginning perhaps as late as the 17th century (Bradshaw 1997).
Kala has five basic vowels (listed below), as well as contrastive nasal vowels.
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | ||
| High-mid | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Low | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ |
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ (pronounced as /link/) | ||||
| pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| pronounced as /link/ |
In 2010, anthropologists from the University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, worked in a collaborative project with the Kala Language Committee, a group of individuals concerned with strengthening Kala language amongst their communities, to decide on a Kala orthographic system. The practical writing system for Kala includes the following letters: . The committee chose the tilde symbol to represent nasal vowels in their practical writing system as it reminded them of ocean waves (called titi in Kala) since they are coastal people.[1]
Source:[2]
Like most of the languages around the Huon Gulf, Kala has a system of birth order names (Holzknecht 1989: 43-45, Devolder et al 2012). Each dialect has their own terms for birth-order names. Compare Numbami.
| Birth orderSouthern Dialect | Sons | Daughters | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alisa|italics=no | Kale|italics=no | |
| 2 | Aniya|italics=no (Kamiali, Alẽso)Aniã|italics=no (Kui) | Aiga|italics=no | |
| 3 | Gwe|italics=no | Aya|italics=no (Kamiali, Kui)Aiya|italics=no (Alẽso) | |
| 4 | Aluŋ|italics=no (Kamiali, Alẽso)Alũ|italics=no (Kui) | Dã|italics=no | |
| 5 | Sele|italics=no | Auya|italics=no (Kamiali)Owiya|italics=no (Alẽso, Kui) | |
| 6 | Dai|italics=no (Kamiali, Alẽso)Dei|italics=no (Kui) | Samba Uya|italics=no (Kamiali, Kui) Dei|italics=no (Alẽso) | |
| 7 | Samba|italics=no | Daliya|italics=no (Kamiali, Kui)Samba Uya|italics=no (Alẽso) | |
| 8 | Deliya|italics=no (Alẽso) |
| Birth order Northern Villages | Sons | Daughters | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alisa|italics=no (Apoze)Asa|italics=no (Lambu) Asap|italics=no (Manindala) | Kale|italics=no (Apoze)Kali|italics=no (Lambu, Manindala) | |
| 2 | Aniya|italics=no (Lambu, Manindala)Aniã|italics=no (Apoze) | Aiga|italics=no (Apoze, Manindala)Aiza|italics=no (Lambu) | |
| 3 | Gwe|italics=no (Apoze, Manindala)Gwae|italics=no (Lambu) | Aya|italics=no (Apoze, Lambu)Aiya|italics=no (Manindala) | |
| 4 | Aluŋ|italics=no | Dã|italics=no (Apoze, Lambu)Dam|italics=no (Manindala) | |
| 5 | Sele|italics=no | Wouya|italics=no (Apoze)Obiye|italics=no (Lambu) Aobiye|italics=no (Manindala) | |
| 6 | Dai|italics=no (Lambu, Manindala)Dei|italics=no (Apoze) | Dei|italics=no (Apoze)Dambiye|italics=no (Lambu) Damiye|italics=no (Manindala) | |
| 7 | Asemba|italics=no (Apoze)Ŋsemba|italics=no (Lambu) | Asemba|italics=no (Apoze)Ŋazizi|italics=no (Lambu) Daiye|italics=no (Manindala) | |
| 8 | Ŋa zalia|italics=no (Apoze) |
Kala is spoken in six villages along the Huon Gulf, and as such is split into different dialects. The most significant differences, which are phonological and lexical, exist between the northernmost three villages and the southernmost, however, differences also exist between the individual villages, especially for Manindala (Kela) in the north. This dialect contains syllable codas, which no other dialect shows. [3]
busambu 'sandfly' (Apoze, Kamiali, Alẽso, Kui)
busamu 'sandfly' (Lambu)
busamuk 'sandfly' (Manindala)
ambe 'yam' (Apoze, Kamiali, Alẽso, Kui)
ame 'yam' (Lambu)
amek 'yam' (Manindala)
mbua 'snake' (Lambu, Alẽso, Kamiali, Kui)
mua 'snake' (Apoze)
mowak 'snake' (Manindala)
do 'turtle' (Kamiali, Alẽso, Kui)
zo 'turtle' (Apoze)
za 'turtle' (Lambu)
sa 'turtle' (Manindala)