Keith Burridge Explained

Keith Burridge (born 1 July 1950) is a British researcher and Kenan distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[1] His research on focal adhesions includes the discovery of many adhesion proteins including vinculin,[2] [3] talin[4] [5] and paxillin,[6] [7] and ranks him in top 1% of the most cited scientist in the field of molecular biology and genetics.[1] Burridge has published more than 200 peer reviewed articles.

Early life and education

He was born in 1950 in Dorset, England. He obtained his undergraduate degree in 1971 from the University of Cambridge, and then completed his PhD in Dennis Bray's laboratory in the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), also in Cambridge, in 1975.[1] Using biochemical techniques, he showed that at least two distinct types of myosin II exist in non-muscle cells and that some cells expressed both types.[8] [9]

Focal adhesion research

He went as a postdoc to James D. Watson's laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor where he met Elias Lazarides.[1] [2] They decided to compile their work on α-actinin and showed that α-actinin is distributed periodically along stress fibers.[10] [11] They also noted that there was a concentration of α-actinin in plaques at the ends of stress fibers.[10] [12] Since these regions would several years later be named focal adhesions, α-actinin was the first protein found to be concentrated at these sites.[2] While developing a procedure to purify α-actinin from smooth muscle, Burridge co-purified another protein, vinculin,[2] [3] independently of Benny Geiger's discovery.[13]

In 1981 Burridge left Cold Spring Harbor Lab for a faculty position at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he continued to work on focal adhesions.[1] He discovered talin (protein)[4] [5] as another focal adhesion protein and then, in collaboration with Rick Horwitz's laboratory, showed that talin (protein) bound to the cytoplasmic domains of integrins.[14] [15] He then discovered other focal adhesion components including paxillin[6] [7] and contributed to the discovery of zyxin[16] and palladin.[17] Since then his work has focused on the signaling pathways emanating from focal adhesions, including RhoA-mediated contractility[18] [19] [20] and tyrosine phosphorylation in response to adhesion.[21] [22] [23]

Playwright

In parallel with his scientific career, Keith Burridge has written several plays of varying length. His 10-minute play "Chocolates for Mr. Wolfowitz" appeared in the Knutsford Little Theatre short play festival of 2008 in the UK.[24] "The Art of Deception", based on the true story of the art forger Han van Meegeren, won 2014 best new play by Playwrights First.[25] "The First Woman President" is a one-woman, one act play, that was premiered in the Midtown International Theatre Festival in New York City in 2016.[26] In the play Edith Wilson looks back to when she took over running the country while concealing from the public that her husband, President Woodrow Wilson, had suffered a stroke[27]

Distinction and awards

Notes and References

  1. ISI Highly Cited Researcher An essay by: Professor Keith Burridge in-cites.com
  2. Chenette. Emily. Milestone 12 (1980) Actin-adhesion links to the extracellular matrix. Nature Milestones. December 2008. 10.1038/nrm2568. free.
  3. 10.1016/S0092-8674(80)80035-3 . Burridge K, Feramisco JR . Microinjection and localization of a 130K protein in living fibroblasts: a relationship to actin and fibronectin . Cell . 19 . 3 . 587–95 . March 1980 . 6988083. Feramisco . 43087259 .
  4. 10.1083/jcb.97.2.359 . Burridge K, Connell L . A new protein of adhesion plaques and ruffling membranes . The Journal of Cell Biology . 97 . 2 . 359–67 . August 1983 . 6684120 . 2112532. Connell .
  5. 10.1083/jcb.101.4.1523 . Geiger . B . Volk . T . Volberg . T . Molecular heterogeneity of adherens junctions. . The Journal of Cell Biology . 101 . 4 . 1523–31 . 1985 . 3930512 . 2113916 .
  6. Deakin . NO . Turner . CE . Paxillin comes of age. . Journal of Cell Science . 121 . Pt 15 . 2435–44 . 2008 . 18650496 . 2522309 . 10.1242/jcs.018044 .
  7. 10.1083/jcb.111.3.1059 . Turner CE, Glenney JR, Burridge K . Paxillin: a new vinculin-binding protein present in focal adhesions . The Journal of Cell Biology . 111 . 2116264 . 3 . 1059–68 . September 1990 . 2118142. Glenney Jr . Burridge .
  8. 10.1016/S0022-2836(75)80154-9 . Burridge K, Bray D . Purification and structural analysis of myosins from brain and other non-muscle tissues . Journal of Molecular Biology . 99 . 1 . 1–14 . November 1975 . 128633. Bray .
  9. 10.1073/pnas.75.2.588 . Korn . ED . Biochemistry of actomyosin-dependent cell motility (a review) . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 75 . 2 . 588–99 . 1978 . 147464 . 411302 . 1978PNAS...75..588K . free .
  10. 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90180-4 . Lazarides E, Burridge K . Alpha-actinin: immunofluorescent localization of a muscle structural protein in nonmuscle cells . Cell . 6 . 3 . 289–98 . November 1975 . 802682. Burridge . 40148317 .
  11. 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3967 . Feramisco . JR . Microinjection of fluorescently labeled alpha-actinin into living fibroblasts . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 76 . 8 . 3967–71 . 1979 . 291056 . 383957 . 1979PNAS...76.3967F . free .
  12. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th editionBruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter – New York: Garland Science; 2002. Figure 17-50. Focal adhesions as production sites of intracellular signals
  13. 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90368-4 . Geiger B . A 130K protein from chicken gizzard: its localization at the termini of microfilament bundles in cultured chicken cells . Cell . 18 . 1 . 193–205 . September 1979 . 574428. 33153559 .
  14. Horwitz A, Duggan K, Buck C, Beckerle MC, Burridge K . Interaction of plasma membrane fibronectin receptor with talin--a transmembrane linkage . Nature . 320 . 6062 . 531–3 . 1986 . 2938015 . 10.1038/320531a0. Duggan . Buck . Beckerle . Burridge . 1986Natur.320..531H . 4356748 .
  15. Brakebusch . C . Fässler . R . The integrin-actin connection, an eternal love affair. . The EMBO Journal . 22 . 10 . 2324–33 . 2003 . 12743027 . 156003 . 10.1093/emboj/cdg245 .
  16. 10.1083/jcb.103.5.1679 . Beckerle MC . Identification of a new protein localized at sites of cell-substrate adhesion . The Journal of Cell Biology . 103 . 5 . 1679–87 . November 1986 . 3536951 . 2114371.
  17. 10.1083/jcb.150.3.643 . Parast MM, Otey CA . Characterization of palladin, a novel protein localized to stress fibers and cell adhesions . The Journal of Cell Biology . 150 . 3 . 643–56 . August 2000 . 10931874 . 2175193. Otey .
  18. 10.1083/jcb.133.6.1403 . Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Burridge K . Rho-stimulated contractility drives the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions . The Journal of Cell Biology . 133 . 6 . 1403–15 . June 1996 . 8682874 . 2120895. Burridge .
  19. Riveline . D. . Zamir . E. . Balaban . N. Q. . Schwarz . U. S. . Ishizaki . T. . Narumiya . S. . Kam . Z. . Geiger . B. . Bershadsky . A. D. . Focal Contacts as Mechanosensors: Externally Applied Local Mechanical Force Induces Growth of Focal Contacts by an Mdia1-Dependent and Rock-Independent Mechanism . 10.1083/jcb.153.6.1175 . The Journal of Cell Biology . 2001 . 153 . 1175–86 . 6 . 11402062 . 2192034 .
  20. Schwartz . MA . Ingber . DE . Integrating with integrins . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 5 . 4 . 389–93 . 1994 . 8054683 . 301049 . 10.1091/mbc.5.4.389.
  21. 10.1083/jcb.119.4.893 . Burridge K, Turner CE, Romer LH . Tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and pp125FAK accompanies cell adhesion to extracellular matrix: a role in cytoskeletal assembly . The Journal of Cell Biology . 119 . 4 . 893–903 . November 1992 . 1385444 . 2289706. Turner . Romer .
  22. 10.1083/jcb.120.3.577 . Juliano . RL . Haskill . S . Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix . The Journal of Cell Biology . 120 . 3 . 577–85 . 1993 . 8381117 . 2119550 .
  23. Book: 978-0-7167-3136-8 . Molecular Cell Biology . 4th . Harvey . Lodish . Arnold . Berk . Zipursky, S Lawrence . Matsudaira, Paul . Baltimore, David . Darnell, James . New York . W. H. Freeman . 2000 . 22 Integrating Cells into Tissues – PERSPECTIVES in the Literature . registration . https://archive.org/details/molecularcellbio00lodi . registration .
  24. Web site: Welcome to the Little Theatre.
  25. Web site: Award Recipients.
  26. Web site: Midtown International Theatre Festival – Home Page . 26 January 2017 . 2 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202072338/http://www.midtownfestival.org/Archives/playsbody2016-fall.html . dead .
  27. Web site: Upcoming Events : Triangle Playwrights presents: THE FIRST WOMAN PRESIDENT by Keith Burridge . 26 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160407170137/http://southernneighbor.com/upcoming-event/triangle-playwrights-presents-the-first-woman-president-by-keith-burridge/ . 7 April 2016 . dead .
  28. Web site: Sites.unc.edu.
  29. Web site: Newly Elected Fellows . 26 January 2017 . 22 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181122143055/https://www.amacad.org/content/members/newFellows.aspx?s=a . dead .

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