| Background: |
|
| Keikyu N1000 series | |
| Yearservice: | 15 April 2002 |
| Service: | 2002–present |
| Manufacturer: | J-TREC, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Tokyu Car Corporation |
| Family: | Sustina S13 Series (1000-1890 series only) |
| Replaced: | 800 series, 1000 series, 1500 series[1] |
| Yearconstruction: | 2002– |
| Refurbishment: | 2017–present |
| Numberbuilt: | 492 vehicles (83 sets) |
| Numberservice: | 476 vehicles (80 sets;) |
| Numberscrapped: | 8 vehicles (1 set; accident damage) |
| Formation: | 4/6/8 cars per set |
| Operator: | Keikyu |
| Lines: | |
| Carbody: | Aluminium (batches 1-5) Stainless steel (batches 6-) |
| Carlength: | 18m (59feet) |
| Width: | 2.83m (09.28feet) |
| Floorheight: | 1.15m (03.77feet) |
| Doors: | 3 pairs per side |
| Maxspeed: | 1201NaN1 (service) 1301NaN1 (design) |
| Fleetnumbers: | 8-car sets:
|
| Deceleration: | (regular use) (emergency) |
| Traction: |
|
| Traction Motors: | 3-phase AC induction motor (except 1367F) 1367F: Permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| Poweroutput: |
|
| Electricsystem: | (nominal) from overhead catenary |
| Collectionmethod: | Pantograph |
| Brakes: | Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes, regenerative brakes |
| Safety: | C-ATS |
| Multipleworking: | 600 series, 1500 series, 2100 series |
| Notes: | ※ Awarded for 1000-1890 series "Le Ciel" |
The is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Keikyu on commuter services in the Tokyo area of Japan since 2002.[2] [3]
The eight-car sets are primarily used on limited-stop "Rapid Limited Express" and "Limited Express" services on the Keikyu Main Line, including through-running services to the Toei Asakusa Line as well as the Keisei Oshiage Line, Keisei Main Line, and Hokuso Line.[3] Some of these eight-car sets are also being used on the Keikyu Airport Line. Four-car sets are commonly used to form 12-car "Rapid Limited Express" and "Limited Express" services, and are also used singly on all-stations "Local" services;[3] in addition, some are used on the Keikyu Daishi Line,[4] with some being used to form eight-car trains for use on inter-running services to the Asakusa Line and Keisei lines.[5] The six-car formations delivered from 2011 are generally used on all-stations "Local" services. The N1000 series sets can be used in multiple with other Keikyu EMU types, including the 600 series, 1500 series, 2000 series, and 2100 series.[3]
Since the first set was introduced in 2002, the type has undergone a number of design improvements. Sets built from 2002 to 2006 have painted aluminium bodies, whereas sets built from 2007 onward (sets 1073 onward) have stainless steel bodies. More detailed variations are described below. The Siemens inverters fitted to the first two batches prior to their refurbishment between 2017 and 2021 were known in Japan by the nickname, due to the distinctive ascending musical scale the trains produced when accelerating from a standstill.[6]
Delivered February to June 2002.
These sets have single-arm pantographs and were formerly equipped with roller-blind destination indicators and Siemens GTO variable-frequency drive (VVVF) traction equipment.
Delivered May to July 2003.
The centre pillars of the passenger windows were discontinued.
Set 1409 was upgraded in May 2018, and modifications included LED lights, LCD-displays above the doors, LED-displays on the sides, and replacement of the original GTO-VVVF propulsion systems with IGBT inverters supplied by Toshiba, which is also used on sets 1401 and 1405 from the earlier batch. Set 1413 was also upgraded like set 1409 and started service in December 2018. Set 1025 was refurbished in May and August 2019, and the original Siemens GTO was changed to Toyo Denki IGBT. Set 1033 had Siemens GTO inverters until 18 July 2021, where it operated as a charter from Shinagawa; its last run ultimately took place on 20 July. Following refurbishment, set 1033 received Toyo Denki IGBT inverters.
Delivered January to March 2005.
Initially built with Siemens-manufactured IGBT-VVVF inverters.
Set 1417 was refurbished in March 2019. This set now has LED lighting, LCD-displays above the doors, other LED displays, and was refitted with Toyo Denki-manufactured IGBT-VVVF inverters. Both 1041 and 1049 were powered by Siemens IGBT-VVVF.
Delivered July to August 2005.
Feature full-colour LED destination indicators.
Delivered November 2006.
No design changes over 4th batch vehicles.
Set 1065 has refurbished and refitted with Toyo Denki IGBT-VVVF.
These are four-, six-, and eight-car sets manufactured by Tokyu Car Corporation (J-TREC from 2012) and Kawasaki Heavy Industries between 2007[7] and 2015.
These sets were built with significant bodywork and system updates over previous batches, some of which would be firsts for the N1000 series and Keikyu's history. These changes include the use of stainless steel bodies with film wrapping used for body colouring (earlier sets used painted aluminium[8]); the discontinuation of front-end wiper covers; and domestically supplied traction systems, with the 8-car trains use from Mitsubishi IGBT-VVVF, while 4- and 6-car trains use Toyo Denki IGBT-VVVF; both traction systems have an output of 155kW per motor. However, 6-car set 1367 uses Toshiba- built PMSM-VVVF with an output of 190kW per motor.[9] The new bodies are approximately 400NaN0 narrower than their aluminium-bodied counterparts. Four-car sets were built with motor cars throughout whilst eight-car sets preserved the motor car-to-trailer car ratio of 3:1.
Batches 10 onward feature improved front-end emergency exits.[10]
The sets have garnered the nickname Ginsen for their red and silver colouring.[11]
From batch 6, the transverse seat bays at the ends of cars were replaced with longitudinal bench seats, the seat partitions were recoloured beige, and the driver's position was raised by 150mm. Batch 7 introduced yellow warning tape around door interiors; batch 10 introduced visual door warnings and LCD information displays; and batch 11 introduced internal LED lighting (set 1313 only),[12] following trials with older trainsets from December 2009.[13]
| 1073 | Tokyu Car | 14 March 2007[14] | 6 |
| 1081 | 21 January 2008[15] | 7 | |
| 1089 | 8 February 2008 | ||
| 1097 | 27 October 2008[16] | 8 | |
| 1105 | 17 November 2008 | ||
| 1113 | 15 December 2008 | ||
| 1121 | 10 May 2010[17] | 10 | |
| 1129 | 2 June 2010 | ||
| 1137 | 21 June 2010 | ||
| 1145 | 10 January 2012[18] | 11 | |
| 1153 | J-TREC | 6 April 2012[19] | 12 |
| 1161 | 27 August 2013[20] | 13 | |
| 1169 | 24 June 2014[21] | 14 |
| 1301 | Kawasaki HI | 15 April 2011 | 11 |
| 1307 | 22 April 2011 | ||
| 1313 | 3 March 2012 | ||
| 1319 | 17 April 2012 | 12 | |
| 1325 | 24 April 2012 | ||
| 1331 | 7 January 2014 | 13 | |
| 1337 | 7 March 2014 | ||
| 1343 | 22 April 2014 | 14 | |
| 1349 | 22 May 2014 | ||
| 1355 | 8 August 2014 | ||
| 1361 | 9 April 2015[22] | 15 | |
| 1367 | 9 December 2015 |
| 1449 | Kawasaki HI | 22 September 2008 | 8 |
| 1453 | |||
| 1457 | 1 April 2009 | 9 | |
| 1461 | |||
| 1465 | 3 April 2009 | ||
| 1469 | |||
| 1473 | 22 May 2009 | ||
| 1477 | |||
| 1481 | 4 June 2009 | ||
| 1485 | |||
| 1489 | 17 March 2011 | 10 |
Two new 1000-1800 series four-car sets (1801 and 1805) were delivered from J-TREC in February 2016. These two sets differ from earlier variants in having centre gangways on the cab ends as well as a vinyl-based red and ivory livery.[23] These two sets entered revenue service on 4 March 2016.[24]
A third set, 1809, was delivered ahead of the 16th batch on 30 September 2016.[25]
These are six- and eight-car sets manufactured by J-TREC and Kawasaki Heavy Industries between 2016[26] and 2019.[27]
While they inherit the stainless-steel bodies used with the N1000 series fleet since 2007, the 16th-batch sets carry a film-wrapped livery akin to that of the 1000-1800 series sets.[28] For the 17th batch of sets, film-wrapped liveries were discontinued in favour of painted liveries. Keikyu states that these sets are the first privately operated, stainless steel-bodied sets to incorporate full-surface painting on a large scale in the Kanto region.[29]
LED lighting is used throughout, and the 16th-batch sets are Keikyu's first to use LED headlights from new.
All 8-car trains use Mitsubishi SiC-VVVF and has the power output of 190kW per motor while the 6-car trains use the same Toyo Denku IGBT-VVVF from the previous 4- and 6-car trains.[30]
These batches incorporate a combination of longitudinal and transverse seating. Each car has two bays of transverse seating, one at each end. The longitudinal seat partitions were enlarged to reduce wind gusts and interference between seated and standing occupants. Also provided are power outlets and LCD information displays, some of which support Japanese and English, and others that support Korean and simplified Chinese.
| 1177 | J-TREC | 22 December 2016[31] | 16 |
| 1185 | 21 February 2017 | ||
| 1201 | 2017[32] | 17 | |
| 1209 | 2018[33] | ||
| 1217 | 29 March 2018 | ||
| 1225 | 2 September 2019[34] | 19 |
| 1601 | Kawasaki HI | 7 November 2016 | 16 | |
| 1607 | 29 November 2016 | |||
| 1613 | 5 January 2018[35] | 17 | ||
| 1619 | 5 February 2018 | |||
| 1625 | 10 October 2018 | 18 | ||
| 1631 | 8 June 2018 | |||
| 1637 | 18 June 2018 | |||
| 1643 | J-TREC | 8 August 2018[36] | ||
| 1649 | Kawasaki HI | 25 December 2018 | ||
| 1655 | J-TREC | 26 February 2019 | ||
| 1661 | 19 March 2019 | |||
| 1667 | Kawasaki HI | 2019 | 19 |
The 1000-1890 series 4-car sets were introduced into service from 6 May 2021 as part of Batch 20.[37] These are the first trains in the fleet to feature rotating banks of seats; they can be arranged in a longitudinal or transverse seating configuration when required. The seats are similar to those used on the 2100 series but are wider.[38] Power sockets are also provided. They are also the first trainsets in the fleet to feature toilets; car 2 features a universal-access Western toilet, and car 3 features a men's toilet.[39] The trains are intended for use on reserved seat "Wing" services as well as chartered event services.[40]
Following their initial entry into service, Keikyu procured three additional 4-car sets as part of its investment plan for fiscal 2021:[41] 1893–1895.
Following a nickname contest for the 1000-1890 series fleet held between June and July 2021, the nickname "Le Ciel" (The Sky in French) was announced for the 1000-1890 series fleet on 24 December.[42] Four entries were given honourable mentions: "Red Rabbit", "Leap", "Sunsun", and "Kofu".[43] From 26 March 2022, the intermediate cars of sets 1891, 1892, 1894, and 1895 were adorned with branding.[44]
On 26 May 2022, the 1000-1890 series received the Blue Ribbon Award.[45] Set 1893 was adorned with branding commemorating the award.[46]
All trains on both batches use Toyo Denki IGBT-SiC(hybrid)-VVVF with the output of 190kW per motor. However, due to the layout of the equipments, the VVVFs are installed on the intermediate cars to reduce weight on the end cars.[47]
This batch was announced as part of Keikyu's investment plan for fiscal 2023, consisting of one 8-car set and one 6-car set.[48] The first set, 6-car set 1501, was delivered from the Kawasaki Railcar Manufacturing plant on 28 July 2023[49] and entered service on 7 September.[50]
| Set No. | No. of cars | Manufacturer | Date delivered | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1501 | 6 | Kawasaki Railcar Mfg. | 28 July 2023 | |
| 1701 | 8 | J-TREC | 2 November 2023[51] |
the fleet consists of 27 eight-car sets (numbered 1001 to 1129, 1145 to 1185, and 1201 to 1225), 24 six-car sets (numbered 1301 to 1367 and 1601 to 1667), and 31 four-car sets (numbered 1401 to 1489, 1801 to 1809, and 1891 to 1895).
The five eight-car (aluminium bodied) sets 1001 to 1033 are formed as follows, with four motored (M) cars and four trailer (T) cars.[52]
| Designation | Muc | Tpu | Tu | Mu | Ms | Ts | Tps | Msc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx |
The "Tpu" and "Tps" cars are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs.
The five eight-car (aluminium bodied) sets 1041 to 1065 are formed as follows, with six motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.
| Designation | Muc | Tpu | M2u | M1u | M1s | M2s | Tps | Msc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx | 1xxx |
The "Tpu" and "Tps" cars are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs.
The eighteen eight-car (stainless steel bodied) sets 1073 to 1185 and 1201 to 1225 are formed as follows, with six motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.
| Designation | M2uc | M1u | Tu | M1u' | M2s | Ts | M1s | M2sc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering | 1xxx | ||||||||
The "M1u" and "M1s" cars are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs, and the "M1u'" are fitted with one pantograph.
The twenty-four six-car (stainless steel bodied) sets 1301 to 1367 and 1601 to 1667 are formed as follows, with four motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.
| Designation | M2uc | M1u | Tu | Ts | M1s | M2sc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering | 13xx | ||||||
On 1301–1367, the "M1u" cars are fitted with one single-arm pantograph, while "M1s" cars are fitted with two single-arm pantographs. On 1601–1667, the "M1u" and "M1s" cars are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs.
The first batch of four-car (aluminium bodied) sets, numbered 1401 and 1405, are formed as follows, with two motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.
| Designation | M1uc | T1pu | T1ps | M1sc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering | 14xx | ||||
The "T1pu" and "T1ps" cars are each fitted with one single-arm pantograph.
The two four-car (aluminium bodied) sets 1409 and 1413 are formed as follows, with two motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.
| Designation | M1uc | T | Tp | M1sc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering | 1xxx | ||||
The "Tp" cars are fitted with two single-arm pantographs.
The eight four-car (aluminium bodied) sets 1417 to 1445 are formed as follows, with three motored (M) cars and one trailer (T) car.
| Designation | M1uc | M2 | Tp | M1sc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering | 14xx | ||||
The "Tp" cars are fitted with two single-arm pantographs.
The 16 four-car (stainless steel bodied) sets 1449 to 1489, 1801 to 1809, and 1891 to 1892 are formed as follows, with all cars motored (M).
| Designation | M2uc | M1u | M1s | M2sc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering | 14xx/18xx | ||||
The "M1u" and "M1s" cars are each fitted with one single-arm pantograph. The 18xx cars have end gangways that can be connected to form 8-car trains for through service to Asakusa and Keisei Lines.
The 1000-1890 series four-car sets are formed as follows, with two motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.[53] The "Muc2" car is at the Misakiguchi end.[54]
| Designation | Muc2 | Tuv2 | Tpsv2 | Msc2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbering | 189x-1 | 189x-2 | 189x-3 | 189x-4 | |
| Weight | 34.5 | 30.5 | 33.0 | 34.5 | |
| Capacity (total) | 101 | 107 | 111 | 101 |
The "Tpsv2" cars are fitted with two single-arm pantographs.
On 10 May 2017, Keikyu announced that it would make investments in safety and comfort that would total approximately 21.9 billion yen. Also announced was refurbishment work for eight N1000 series cars.[55] The work includes:[56]
Eight-car set 1001, the first set to be treated, returned to service on 18 September 2017.[57]
8-car sets 1025 and 1033 received a sky-blue livery to commemorate the opening of Haneda Airport Terminal 2. They carried this livery until March 2005.[58]
8-car set 1057 was repainted into a special "Yellow Happy Train" livery from May 2014, for the collaboration with the private railway operator Seibu Railway. In return, Seibu repainted one of its 9000 series trainsets into Keikyu livery, known as the "Seibu Red Lucky Train".[59] The "Yellow Happy Train" livery was originally intended to be used for about three years; however, due to its popularity, on 27 April 2017, Keikyu announced its decision to keep the livery and to also repaint the passenger doors yellow from their original silver colour.[60]
Set 1137[61] was involved in a collision with a truck on a level crossing near Kanagawa-shimmachi Station on 5 September 2019, killing the truck driver and injured at least 30 others on the train.[62] The set was substantially damaged and scrapped in March 2020.