Keikyu N1000 series explained

Keikyu N1000 series
Service:present
Yearconstruction:2002–
Numberbuilt:506 vehicles (85 sets)
Numberservice:490 vehicles (83 sets)
Numberscrapped:8 vehicles (1 set; accident damage)
Formation:4/6/8 cars per trainset
Operator:Keikyu
Carlength:18000mm
Width:2830mm
Floorheight:1150mm
Doors:3 pairs per side
Traction Motors:3-phase AC induction motor or permanent-magnet synchronous motor
Electricsystem: (overhead catenary)
Collectionmethod:Pantograph
Brakes:Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes with regenerative braking
Safety:C-ATS
Notes:
Awarded for 1000-1890 series "Le Ciel"

The is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Keikyu on commuter services in the Tokyo area of Japan since 2002.[1] [2]

Overview

The N1000 series fleet first entered revenue service on 15 April 2002 as a successor to all remaining original 1000 series sets.[3] [4] The type garnered its designation as New 1000 series, frequently shortened to N1000 series, to distinguish it from the original 1000 series, which remained in service until 2010. Since then, "1000 series" has seen increasing use to refer to the N1000 series.

The N1000 series is Keikyu's most numerous train type, with 506 vehicles having been built, surpassing Keikyu's next-most numerous train type, the original 1000 series, by 150 vehicles. In March 2022, the type comprised approximately 60% of Keikyu's nearly 800-vehicle fleet.[5]

Operations

The eight-car sets are primarily used on limited-stop "Rapid Limited Express" and "Limited Express" services on the Keikyu Main Line, including through-running services to the Toei Asakusa Line as well as the Keisei Oshiage Line, Keisei Main Line, Narita Sky Access Line, and Hokuso Line.[2] [6] Some of these eight-car sets are also used on the Keikyu Airport Line. Four-car sets are commonly used to form 12-car "Rapid Limited Express" and "Limited Express" services, and are also used singly on all-stations "Local" services,[2] with occasional use on the Keikyu Daishi Line.[7] Some 4-car sets are used to form eight-car trains for use on inter-running services to the Asakusa Line and Keisei lines.[8] The six-car formations delivered from 2011 are generally used on all-stations "Local" services. The N1000 series sets can be used in multiple with other Keikyu EMU types, including the 600 series, 1500 series, 2000 series, and 2100 series.[2]

Variants

Since the first set was introduced in 2002, the type has undergone a number of design improvements. Sets built from 2002 to 2006 have painted aluminium bodies, whereas sets built from 2007 onward (sets 1073 onward) have stainless steel bodies. More detailed variations are described below.

Batches 1–5

These are four- and eight-car sets manufactured by Tokyu Car Corporation and Kawasaki Heavy Industries between 2002 and 2006.[9]

Design

Largely based on the design of the 2100 series, the N1000 series trains incorporate several differences due to the services on which they are used. These include the use of three passenger doors per side per car (as opposed to the 2100 series' two[10]), and a commuter-oriented interior configuration.[11]

A second batch of N1000 series sets was introduced from mid-2003, consisting of eight-car sets 1025 and 1033, and four-car sets 1409 and 1413. With the first batch of sets, four- and eight-car sets could be rearranged to form six-car trains, but this possibility was removed with this batch's four-car sets. The four-car sets also featured minor technical changes, with pantographs and power supplies being consolidated to the third car; in contrast, the first batch's four-car sets were fitted with a pantograph and power supply for each intermediate car.[12]

Batch 3 (eight-car sets 1041 and 1049 and four-car sets 1417 and 1421), delivered in early 2005, was built with a motor car-to-trailer car ratio of 3:1 (compared to 1:1 for older sets), as well as other modifications for updated fire regulation compliance and weight reduction. Batches 4 (eight-car set 1057 and four-car sets 1425–1437) and 5 (eight-car set 1065 and four-car sets 1441 and 1445) were built with full-colour LED destination displays in place of the original roller-blind displays.[13]

Interior

The interior incorporates a warm colour palette. Passenger accommodation consists primarily of longitudinal bucket-style seating, with transverse seating bays at car ends. Priority seating is also provided. When compared to the original 1000 series fleet, the N1000 series sets feature several accessibility improvements, such as audible door warnings, onboard passenger information displays, wheelchair spaces, and anti-slip flooring.[11]

Beginning in 2010, priority seats were given blue moquette.

Specifications

The first two N1000 series batches were fitted with Siemens SIBAS32 GTO thyristor-based variable-voltage/variable-frequency (VVVF) propulsion systems, like the preceding 2100 series fleet. These systems garnered the nickname due to the distinctive ascending musical scale they produced when accelerating from a standstill.[14] Keikyu began replacing these traction systems in 2010 with systems from domestic suppliers.[15] Eight-car set 1033 was the last set operating with these traction systems, making its final run with its original equipment on 20 July 2021.

Batches 3–5 were fitted with IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor)-based traction systems, also supplied by Siemens. These traction systems' control units were lighter and smaller than those used in earlier sets. Batch 3 also introduced lighter TH-2100BM/TH-2100BT bogies, which lacked amenities from the original TH-2100AM/TH-2100AT design such as sandboxes and yaw dampers.

Build histories

8-car sets[16] [17] !Set No.!Manufacturer!Date delivered!Batch
1001Tokyu Car23 February 20021
100928 June 2002[18]
1017Kawasaki HI31 May 2002
1025Tokyu Car19 May 2003[19] 2
1033Kawasaki HI24 June 2003
1041Tokyu Car19 January 2005[20] 3
1049Kawasaki HI1 March 2005
1057Tokyu Car30 August 20054
106530 October 20065
4-car sets!Set No.!Manufacturer!Date delivered!Batch
1401Kawasaki HI29 June 20021
1405
1409Tokyu Car3 July 20032
1413Kawasaki HI
1417Tokyu Car11 March 20053
1421Kawaski HI
1425Tokyu Car26 July 20054
1429Kawasaki HI
14339 August 2005
1437
144114 November 20065
1445

Batches 6–15

These are four-, six-, and eight-car sets manufactured by Tokyu Car Corporation (J-TREC from 2012) and Kawasaki Heavy Industries between 2007[21] and 2015.

External and technical changes

These sets were built with significant bodywork and system updates over previous batches, some of which would be firsts for the N1000 series and Keikyu's history. These changes include the use of stainless steel bodies with film wrapping used for body colouring (earlier sets used painted aluminium[22]); the discontinuation of front-end wiper covers; and domestically supplied traction systems from Mitsubishi, Toyo Denki, and Toshiba. The new bodies are approximately 400NaN0 narrower than their aluminium-bodied counterparts. Four-car sets were built with motor cars throughout whilst eight-car sets preserved the motor car-to-trailer car ratio of 3:1.

Batch 10 introduced improved front-end emergency exits and onboard train management systems.[23]

The sets have garnered the nickname Ginsen for their red and silver colouring.

Internal changes

From batch 6, the transverse seat bays at the ends of cars were replaced with longitudinal bench seats, the seat partitions were recoloured beige, and the driver's position was raised by 150mm. Batch 7 introduced yellow warning tape around the door interiors; batch 10 introduced visual door warnings and LCD information displays; and batch 11 introduced internal LED lighting (set 1313 only),[24] following trials with older trainsets from December 2009.[25]

Build histories

8-car sets!Set No.!Manufacturer!Date delivered!Batch
1073Tokyu Car14 March 20076
108121 January 2008[26] 7
10898 February 2008
109727 October 2008[27] 8
110517 November 2008
111315 December 2008
112110 May 2010[28] 10
11292 June 2010
113721 June 2010
114510 January 2012[29] 11
1153J-TREC6 April 2012[30] 12
116127 August 2013[31] 13
116924 June 2014[32] 14
6-car sets!Set No.!Manufacturer!Date delivered!Batch
1301Kawasaki HI15 April 201111
130722 April 2011
13133 March 2012
131917 April 201212
132524 April 2012
13317 January 201413
13377 March 2014
134322 April 201414
134922 May 2014
13558 August 2014
13619 April 2015[33] 15
13679 December 2015
4-car sets!Set No.!Manufacturer!Date delivered!Batch
1449Kawasaki HI22 September 20088
1453
14571 April 20099
1461
14653 April 2009
1469
147322 May 2009
1477
14814 June 2009
1485
148917 March 201110

1000-1800 series

Two new 1000-1800 series four-car sets (1801 and 1805) were delivered from J-TREC in February 2016. These two sets differ from earlier variants in having centre gangways on the cab ends as well as a vinyl-based red and ivory livery.[34] These two sets entered revenue service on 4 March 2016.[35]

A third set, 1809, was delivered ahead of the 16th batch on 30 September 2016.[36]

Batches 16–19

These are six- and eight-car sets manufactured by J-TREC and Kawasaki Heavy Industries between 2016[37] and 2019.[38]

External changes

While they inherit the stainless-steel bodies used with the N1000 series fleet since 2007, the 16th-batch sets carry a film-wrapped livery akin to that of the 1000-1800 series sets.[39] For the 17th batch of sets, film-wrapped liveries were discontinued in favour of painted liveries. Keikyu states that these sets are the first privately operated, stainless steel-bodied sets to incorporate full-surface painting on a large scale in the Kanto region.[40]

LED lighting is used throughout, and the 16th-batch sets are Keikyu's first to use LED headlights from new.

Internal changes

These batches incorporate a combination of longitudinal and transverse seating. Each car has two bays of transverse seating, one at each end. The longitudinal seat partitions were enlarged to reduce wind gusts and interference between seated and standing occupants. Also provided are power outlets and LCD information displays, some of which support Japanese and English, and others that support Korean and simplified Chinese.

Technical changes

Beginning with batch 16, eight-car sets use Mitsubishi-developed full SiC (silicon carbide)-based traction systems with fully enclosed motors uprated to 190kW, compared to 155kW in earlier sets.

Build histories

8-car sets!Set No.!Manufacturer!Date delivered!Batch
1177J-TREC22 December 2016[41] 16
118521 February 2017
12012017[42] 17
12092018[43]
121729 March 2018
12252 September 2019[44] 19
6-car sets!Set No.!Manufacturer!Date delivered!Batch
1601Kawasaki HI7 November 201616
160729 November 2016
16135 January 2018[45] 17
16195 February 2018
162510 October 201818
16318 June 2018
163718 June 2018
1643J-TREC8 August 2018[46]
1649Kawasaki HI25 December 2018
1655J-TREC26 February 2019
166119 March 2019
1667Kawasaki HI201919

1000-1890 series "Le Ciel" (batches 20 and 21)

The series four-car sets were manufactured from 2021. Due to replace older 1500 series trainsets, the first two sets were introduced into service from 6 May 2021 as part of batch 20.[47] These are the first trains in the fleet to feature rotating banks of seats; they can be arranged in a longitudinal or transverse seating configuration when required. The seats are similar to those used on the 2100 series but are wider.[48] Power sockets are also provided. They are also the first trainsets in the fleet to feature toilets; car 2 features a universal-access Western toilet, and car 3 features a men's toilet.[49] The trains are intended for use on reserved seat "Wing" services as well as chartered event services.[50]

Following their initial entry into service, Keikyu procured three additional 4-car sets as part of its investment plan for fiscal 2021:[51] 1893–1895.

Following a nickname contest for the 1000-1890 series fleet held between June and July 2021, the nickname "Le Ciel" (The Sky in French) was announced for the 1000-1890 series fleet on 24 December.[52] Four entries were given honourable mentions: "Red Rabbit", "Leap", "Sunsun", and "Kofu".[53] From 26 March 2022, the intermediate cars of sets 1891, 1892, 1894, and 1895 were adorned with branding.[54]

On 26 May 2022, the 1000-1890 series received the Blue Ribbon Award.[55] Set 1893 was adorned with branding commemorating the award.[56]

Batch 22

This batch was announced as part of Keikyu's investment plan for fiscal 2023, consisting of one 8-car set and one 6-car set.[57] The first set, 6-car set 1501, was delivered from the Kawasaki Railcar Manufacturing plant on 28 July 2023[58] and entered service on 7 September.[59]

Build histories

Set No.No. of carsManufacturerDate delivered
15016Kawasaki Railcar Mfg.28 July 2023
17018J-TREC2 November 2023[60]

Formations

the fleet consists of 27 eight-car sets (numbered 1001 to 1129, 1145 to 1185, and 1201 to 1225), 24 six-car sets (numbered 1301 to 1367 and 1601 to 1667), and 31 four-car sets (numbered 1401 to 1489, 1801 to 1809, and 1891 to 1895).

8-car sets 1001 to 1033

The five eight-car (aluminium bodied) sets 1001 to 1033 are formed as follows, with four motored (M) cars and four trailer (T) cars.[61]

DesignationMuc Tpu Tu Mu Ms Ts Tps Msc
Numbering1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx

The "Tpu" and "Tps" cars are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs.

8-car sets 1041 to 1065

The five eight-car (aluminium bodied) sets 1041 to 1065 are formed as follows, with six motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.

DesignationMuc Tpu M2u M1u M1s M2s Tps Msc
Numbering1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx 1xxx

The "Tpu" and "Tps" cars are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs.

8-car sets 1073 to 1185 and 1201 to 1225

The eighteen eight-car (stainless steel bodied) sets 1073 to 1185 and 1201 to 1225 are formed as follows, with six motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.

DesignationM2uc M1u Tu M1u' M2s Ts M1s M2sc
Numbering1xxx

The "M1u" and "M1s" cars are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs, and the "M1u'" are fitted with one pantograph.

6-car sets 1301 to 1367 and 1601 to 1667

The twenty-four six-car (stainless steel bodied) sets 1301 to 1367 and 1601 to 1667 are formed as follows, with four motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.

DesignationM2uc M1u Tu Ts M1s M2sc
Numbering13xx

On 1301–1367, the "M1u" cars are fitted with one single-arm pantograph, while "M1s" cars are fitted with two single-arm pantographs. On 1601–1667, the "M1u" and "M1s" cars are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs.

4-car sets 1401 and 1405

The first batch of four-car (aluminium bodied) sets, numbered 1401 and 1405, are formed as follows, with two motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.

DesignationM1uc T1pu T1ps M1sc
Numbering14xx

The "T1pu" and "T1ps" cars are each fitted with one single-arm pantograph.

4-car sets 1409 and 1413

The two four-car (aluminium bodied) sets 1409 and 1413 are formed as follows, with two motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.

DesignationM1uc T Tp M1sc
Numbering1xxx

The "Tp" cars are fitted with two single-arm pantographs.

4-car sets 1417 to 1445

The eight four-car (aluminium bodied) sets 1417 to 1445 are formed as follows, with three motored (M) cars and one trailer (T) car.

DesignationM1uc M2 Tp M1sc
Numbering14xx

The "Tp" cars are fitted with two single-arm pantographs.

4-car sets 1449 to 1489 and 1801 to 1809

The 16 four-car (stainless steel bodied) sets 1449 to 1489, 1801 to 1809, and 1891 to 1892 are formed as follows, with all cars motored (M).

DesignationM2uc M1u M1s M2sc
Numbering14xx/18xx

The "M1u" and "M1s" cars are each fitted with one single-arm pantograph. The 18xx cars have end gangways that can be connected to form 8-car trains for through service to Asakusa and Keisei Lines.

1000-1890 series 4-car sets

The 1000-1890 series four-car sets are formed as follows, with two motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars.[62] The "Muc2" car is at the Misakiguchi end.[63]

DesignationMuc2 Tuv2 Tpsv2 Msc2
Numbering189x-1 189x-2 189x-3 189x-4
Weight 34.5 30.5 33.0 34.5
Capacity (total)101 107 111 101

The "Tpsv2" cars are fitted with two single-arm pantographs.

Refurbishment

On 10 May 2017, Keikyu announced that it would make investments in safety and comfort that would total approximately 21.9 billion yen. Also announced was refurbishment work for eight N1000 series cars.[64] The work includes:[65]

Eight-car set 1001, the first set to be treated, returned to service on 18 September 2017.[66]

Livery variations

Haneda Airport Terminal 2

8-car sets 1025 and 1033 received a sky-blue livery to commemorate the opening of Haneda Airport Terminal 2. They carried this livery until March 2005.[67]

Yellow Happy Train

8-car set 1057 was repainted into a special "Yellow Happy Train" livery from May 2014, for the collaboration with the private railway operator Seibu Railway. In return, Seibu repainted one of its 9000 series trainsets into Keikyu livery, known as the "Seibu Red Lucky Train".[68] The "Yellow Happy Train" livery was originally intended to be used for about three years; however, due to its popularity, on 27 April 2017, Keikyu announced its decision to keep the livery and to also repaint the passenger doors yellow from their original silver colour.[69]

Accidents

Set 1137[70] was involved in a collision with a truck on a level crossing near Kanagawa-shimmachi Station on 5 September 2019, killing the truck driver and injuring the train driver and 32 passengers.[71] The set was substantially damaged and scrapped in March 2020.

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://www.keikyu.co.jp/train/zukan_1000new.shtml Keikyu N1000 series
  2. Book: ja: 私鉄車両年鑑2012 . Japan Private Railways Annual 2012. Ikaros Publications Ltd. . February 2012 . Tokyo, Japan . 123. 978-4-86320-549-9. 私鉄車両年鑑 2012: 大手15社営業用車両完全網羅.
  3. September 2002 . ja:大手私鉄の最新通勤形電車 . The newest commuter trains of the private railways . . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 9–45 . ja . 42 . 497.
  4. October 2010 . ja:京急1000形50年のあゆみ Period 3 . The 50-year history of the Keikyu 1000 series: Period 3 . . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . Japan . 106–111 . ja . 50 . 594.
  5. Web site: 2023-01-27 . ja:京急1000形、なぜ「最大勢力」にまで増えたのか . Why did the Keikyu 1000 series become Keikyu's largest fleet? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230729154556/https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/648506 . 29 July 2023 . 2023-07-29 . Toyo Keizai Online . ja.
  6. Web site: 2010-08-14 . ja:京急 新1000形1001編成がアクセス特急を代走 . Keikyu N1000 series set 1001 operates substitution Access Express service . 2024-12-26 . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . ja . Japan.
  7. Web site: 9 January 2008. 京急 新1000形が大師線運用に. Keikyu New 1000 series to operate on the Daishi Line. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210915193128/https://railf.jp/news/2008/01/09/093900.html. 15 September 2021. 2021-09-15. 鉄道ファン・railf.jp. Koyusha Co., Ltd.. ja.
  8. Web site: 2016-06-17. 京急新1000形1800番台が都営浅草線・京成線に乗り入れ. Keikyu 1000-1800 series begin service on the Toei Asakusa Line and Keisei Line. live. 2022-01-07. Japan Railfan Magazine Online. Koyusha Co., Ltd.. ja. 7 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220107232557/https://railf.jp/news/2016/06/17/153000.html.
  9. June 2005 . ja:京浜急行電鉄 . Keihin Electric Express Railway . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 45 . 530 . 38–39.
  10. May 1998 . ja:3月28日デビュー! 京浜急行2100形 . Debut on 28 March! Keihin Electric Express Railway's 2100 series . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 38 . 445 . 51–56.
  11. May 2002 . ja:2100形ベースの次世代通勤車, 京浜急行電鉄 新1000形 . Next-generation commuter vehicle based on the 2100 series, Keihin Electric Express Railway's New 1000 series . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 42 . 493 . 70–75.
  12. October 2003 . ja:京急 「新1000形」2次車 . Keikyu "New 1000 series" 2nd batch . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 43 . 510 . 72–73.
  13. June 2018 . ja:車両解説 京浜急行電鉄1000形 . Rolling stock in a nutshell: Keikyu 1000 series . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 58 . 686 . 106–115.
  14. Web site: 21 July 2021 . ja: 通称「ドレミファインバータ」は運行を終了しました . The So-called "Do-re-mi-fa Inverter" Has Ended Its Operation . https://www.keikyu.co.jp/report/2021/post_305.html . live . Keikyu Electric Railway . Japan . Japanese . https://web.archive.org/web/20210807175507/https://www.keikyu.co.jp/report/2021/post_305.html . 7 August 2021 . 29 December 2021.
  15. Web site: 2010-02-22 . ja:【京急】新1000形1405F 営業運転復帰 . (Keikyu) N1000 series set 1405 returns to revenue service . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320093055/https://rail.hobidas.com/rmnews/231400/ . 20 March 2023 . 2022-07-31 . RM News.
  16. September 2007 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . ja . 47 . 557.
  17. October 2006 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . ja . 46 . 546.
  18. September 2003 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 43 . 509 .
  19. September 2004 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 44 . 521 .
  20. September 2005 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 45 . 533 .
  21. June 2007 . segment written 31 March 2007 . ja:京浜急行電鉄 新1000形6次車 . Keihin Electric Express Railway New 1000 series batch 6 . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 47 . 554 . 78–79.
  22. March 2008 . ja:新形車両形態分析進化論1 京浜急行電鉄 . New vehicle evolution analysis No. 1: Keihin Electric Express Railway . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 48 . 563 . 90–95.
  23. August 2010 . segment written 5 June 2010 . ja:京浜急行電鉄 新1000形10次車 . Keikyu N1000 series 10th-batch cars . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 50 . 692 . 69.
  24. May 2012 . ja: 京浜急行電鉄 新1000形(11次車) . Keikyu New 1000 series (11th batch unit) . Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine . Japan . Kotsu Shimbun . 41 . 337 . 75.
  25. ja: 京急1000形でLED照明を本採用. LED lighting used on Keikyu 1000 series . . 52. 614. 84–85. Koyusha Co., Ltd.. Japan . June 2012.
  26. September 2008 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 48 . 569 .
  27. September 2009 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 49 . 581 .
  28. September 2011 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 51 . 605 .
  29. August 2012 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 52 . 616 .
  30. August 2013 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 53 . 628 .
  31. August 2014 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 55 . 640 .
  32. August 2015 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 55 . 652 .
  33. August 2016 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 56 . 664 .
  34. Web site: http://railf.jp/news/2016/02/25/153000.html. ja: 京急 新1000形1800番台が総合車両製作所から出場. Keikyu New 1000 series 1800 subseries delivered from J-TREC. 25 February 2016. Japan Railfan Magazine Online. Koyusha Co., Ltd.. Japan. Japanese. 25 February 2016. 25 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160225090913/http://railf.jp/news/2016/02/25/153000.html. live.
  35. Web site: http://railf.jp/news/2016/03/05/204000.html. ja: 京急 新1000形1800番台が営業運転を開始. Keikyu New 1000 series 1800 subseries enter service. 5 March 2016. Japan Railfan Magazine Online. Koyusha Co., Ltd.. Japan. Japanese. 5 March 2016. 5 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305123527/http://railf.jp/news/2016/03/05/204000.html. live.
  36. August 2017 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . ja . 57 . 676.
  37. February 2017 . ja: 京浜急行電鉄新1000形16次車 . Keikyu New 1000 series 16th-batch EMUs . . Japanese . Japan . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 57 . 670 . 61.
  38. Web site: 2019-06-01 . 京急新1000形6両が甲種輸送される . Keikyu New 1000 series 6-car set transported . 2022-04-21 . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . Japan . ja . 21 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220421023344/https://railf.jp/news/2019/06/01/191000.html . live .
  39. Web site: Kamishin . Daisuke . 2016-10-11 . 京急電鉄新1000形マイナーチェンジ! 車端部にボックス席、コンセントも設置 . Minor changes to Keikyu New 1000 series! Box seats and outlets installed at the ends of cars . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220227141959/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20161011-a560/ . 27 February 2022 . 2022-02-27 . Mynavi News . ja.
  40. Web site: 30 November 2017 . ja: 京急新1000形17次車 2018年春導入へ . Keikyu New 1000 series 17th batch trainsets to be introduced in spring 2018 . http://rail.hobidas.com/news/info/article/10002018.html . live . Tetsudo Hobidas . Neko Publishing Co., Ltd. . Japan . Japanese . https://web.archive.org/web/20171201013154/http://rail.hobidas.com/news/info/article/10002018.html . 1 December 2017 . 1 December 2017.
  41. August 2017 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 57 . 676 .
  42. Web site: 2017-12-14 . 白い京急 新1000形が走る . White Keikyu New 1000 series runs . 2022-04-21 . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . Japan . ja . 21 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210721193744/https://railf.jp/news/2017/12/14/171500.html . live .
  43. Web site: 2018-02-19 . 【京急】1209編成 総合車両製作所出場 . [Keikyu] Set 1209 on test by Japan Transport Engineering Company . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200225094313/http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2018/02/1209.html . 2020-02-25 . 2022-04-24 . Tetsudo Hobidas.
  44. Book: 13 July 2023 . Kotsu Shimbunsha . 978-4-330-04223-7 . Japan . 38 . Japanese . ja: 私鉄車両編成表 2023 . Private Railway Rolling Stock Formations - 2023.
  45. June 2018 . ja:車両解説 京浜急行電鉄1000形 . Rolling stock in a nutshell: Keikyu 1000 series . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 58 . 686 . 106–115.
  46. August 2019 . ja:車両 データバンク . Rolling Stock Databank . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 59 . 702 . .
  47. Web site: 2021-05-07 . 京急1000形新造車両デビュー「モーニング・ウィング」後の運用は? . 2022-03-07 . Mynavi News . ja . 7 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220307172955/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210507-1884795/ . live .
  48. Web site: Keikyu banks on rotating seats. live. 2021-11-20. Railway Gazette International. en. 26 April 2021. 11 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210511014913/https://www.railwaygazette.com/traction-and-rolling-stock/keikyu-banks-on-rotating-seats/58982.article.
  49. Web site: 20 January 2021. 車内設備を一新した新造車両 4両編成2本導入. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210203093105/https://www.keikyu.co.jp/assets/pdf/20210120HP_20109EW.pdf. 3 February 2021. 20 January 2021. Keikyu. ja.
  50. Web site: 京急,ロング・クロス切替座席を採用した1000形増備車を導入 . Keikyu introduces a 1000 series subtype with rotating seating . 2022-03-07 . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . Japan . ja . 7 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220307172953/https://railf.jp/news/2021/01/20/160000.html . live .
  51. Web site: 2021-05-13. 京急,2021年度の設備投資計画を発表. Keikyu announces capital investment plan for fiscal 2021. live. 2021-12-01. Japan Railfan Magazine Online. Koyusha Co., Ltd.. Japan. ja. 1 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211201004411/https://railf.jp/news/2021/05/13/154500.html.
  52. Web site: 2021-12-24. 新造車両の愛称決定について. About the nickname decision of the new vehicles. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211224224052/https://www.keikyu.co.jp/report/2021/post_344.html. 2021-12-24. 2022-01-01. Keikyu.
  53. Web site: 京急,新1000形新造車両の愛称を「Le Ciel」に決定. Keikyu announces brand name for new [1000-1890 series] vehicles: "Le Ciel". live. 2022-01-01. Japan Railfan Magazine Online. Koyusha Co., Ltd.. ja. 1 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220101033015/https://railf.jp/news/2021/12/25/200000.html.
  54. Web site: 京急,新1000形新造車両「Le Ciel」の愛称デザイン・車体ラッピングを開始 . Keikyu begins to wrap New 1000 series vehicles in "Le Ciel" branding . 2022-03-26 . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . Japan . ja . 26 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220326191844/https://railf.jp/news/2022/03/26/201500.html . live .
  55. Web site: 2022-05-26 . 2022年ブルーリボン賞・ローレル賞決定 . 2022 Blue Ribbon Award / Laurel Prize recipients decided . 2022-05-26 . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . Japan . ja . 23 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230323080716/https://railf.jp/news/2022/05/26/173000.html . live .
  56. Web site: Kobayashi . Takuya . 2022-12-04 . ja:京急電鉄「Le Ciel」ブルーリボン賞受賞式、記念のヘッドマークも . Keikyu holds Blue Ribbon Award ceremony for "Le Ciel" trains, shows off commemorative headmark . 2024-10-18 . Mynavi News . ja.
  57. Web site: 2023-05-12 . ja:京急,2023年度の設備投資計画を発表 . Keikyu announces capital investment plan for fiscal 2023 . 2023-07-31 . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . ja . Japan . 31 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230731001806/https://railf.jp/news/2023/05/12/074500.html . live .
  58. Web site: 2023-07-28 . ja:【久しぶりの川崎製京急】1000形1501編成甲種輸送 . (Kawasaki & Keikyu after a long time) 1000 series set 1501 delivered . 2023-07-28 . RM News . Neko Publishing . Japan . 28 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230728130004/https://rail.hobidas.com/rmnews/471127/ . live .
  59. Web site: 2023-09-08 . ja:京急1000形1501編成が営業運転を開始 . Keikyu 1000 series set 1501 enters revenue service . 2023-09-14 . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . ja . Japan . 9 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230909011414/https://railf.jp/news/2023/09/08/141500.html . live .
  60. Book: 11 July 2024 . Kotsu Shimbunsha . 978-4-330-03424-9 . Japan . 38 . Japanese . ja: 私鉄車両編成表 2024 . Private Railway Rolling Stock Formations - 2024.
  61. Book: ja:私鉄車両編成表 2012 . Private Railway Rolling Stock Formations – 2012. Kotsu Shimbunsha . July 2012 . Japan . 42. 978-4-330-29911-2.
  62. 京浜急行電鉄株式会社新1000 形 20 次車用電機品 . 2021 . Toyo Denki . 2022-03-07 . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510005544/https://www.toyodenki.co.jp/technical-report/pdf/giho143/P36-38_143.pdf . live .
  63. Web site: 2021-04-17 . ja:京急「ほぼ新型」車両、これまでと何が違うのか . Keikyu's "almost new" rolling stock . 2022-07-08 . Toyo Keizai Online . ja . 17 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210417170114/https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/423404 . live .
  64. Web site: 2017年度 鉄道事業設備投資計画 安全対策関連など 総額約219億円 ニュースリリース 京浜急行電鉄(KEIKYU). FY2017 railway business capital investment plan safety measures related total approx. 21.9 billion yen. live. 2021-08-31. 京浜急行電鉄. ja. 1 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210901010814/https://www.keikyu.co.jp/company/news/2017/20170510HP_17032MT.html.
  65. Web site: 17 September 2017 . 京急 新1000形更新車が公開される . Keikyu new 1000 series updated car is revealed . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210901010813/https://railf.jp/news/2017/09/17/170000.html . 1 September 2021 . 2021-08-31 . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . ja.
  66. Web site: 22 September 2017 . ja: 京急 新1000形更新車が営業運転を開始 . Refurbished Keikyu New 1000 series enters revenue service . http://railf.jp/news/2017/09/22/120000.html . live . Japan Railfan Magazine Online . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . Japan . Japanese . https://web.archive.org/web/20170929132602/http://railf.jp/news/2017/09/22/120000.html . 29 September 2017 . 29 September 2017.
  67. June 2005 . ja:京浜急行電鉄 . Keihin Electric Express Railway . . ja . Koyusha Co., Ltd. . 45 . 530 . 38–39.
  68. Web site: "KEIKYU YELLOW HAPPY TRAIN"運行開始 . Keikyu Yellow Happy Train in service . 30 April 2014 . Tetsudo Hobidas . Neko Publishing . Japan . Japanese . 18 July 2014 . 18 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140718013802/http://rail.hobidas.com/news/info/article/140528.html . live .
  69. Web site: Kamishin . Daisuke . 2017-04-28 . 京急イエローハッピートレイン、新デザインで運行継続 – 扉も黄色の塗装に . Keikyu "Yellow Happy Train" continues operation with new design – the doors are also painted yellow . 2022-02-27 . Mynavi News . ja . 29 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210329143835/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20170428-a143/ . live .
  70. Web site: 京急本線で快速特急とトラックが接触…京急川崎-上大岡間で運行見合せ 9月5日中の再開は困難か? . Rapid express and truck collision on the Keikyu Main Line . Japanese . 5 September 2019 . response.jp . IID, Inc. . 6 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190906064738/https://response.jp/article/2019/09/05/326146.html . 6 September 2019 . live.
  71. Web site: 5 September 2019 . One dead and 33 injured as train hits truck and derails in Yokohama . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190906065039/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/09/05/national/yokohama-train-truck-collision/ . 6 September 2019 . 6 September 2019 . The Japan Times.