| Meizhou | |
| Native Name: | 梅州市 |
| Native Name Lang: | zh |
| Other Name: | Mòichû |
| Motto: | Capital of Hakkas in the World |
| Nickname: | Kezhou (Chinese: 客州) |
| Settlement Type: | Prefecture-level city |
| Image Map1: | Guangdong subdivisions - Meizhou.svg |
| Map Caption1: | Location of Meizhou in Guangdong |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Meizhou municipal government |
| Coordinates: | 24.289°N 116.122°W |
| Pushpin Map: | China |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in China |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | --> |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | People's Republic of China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Guangdong |
| Seat Type: | Municipal seat |
| Seat: | Meijiang District |
| Leader Title: | CPC Committee Secretary |
| Leader Title1: | Mayor |
| Area Total Km2: | 15864.51 |
| Area Urban Km2: | 3047.5 |
| Area Metro Km2: | 3047.5 |
| Elevation M: | 96 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 census[1] |
| Population Total: | 3873239 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Metro: | 992351 |
| Population Density Metro Km2: | auto |
| Population Urban: | 992351 |
| Population Density Urban Km2: | auto |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Major Nationalities |
| Population Blank1: | Han |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP[2] |
| Demographics2 Info1: | CN¥ 130.8 billion US$ 20.3 billion |
| Demographics2 Title2: | Per capita |
| Demographics2 Info2: | CN¥ 33,764 US$ 5,234 |
| Blank7 Name: | Languages |
| Blank7 Info: | Standard Chinese (official); Hakka (regional) |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal Code |
| Postal Code: | 514000 |
| Area Code: | 753 |
| Iso Code: | CN-GD-14 |
| Blank Name: | License Plate Prefix |
| Blank Info: | Chinese: 粤M |
| Pic: | MZ name.svg |
| Piccap: | "Meizhou", as written in Chinese |
| Picsize: | 125px |
| P: | Méizhōu |
| Psp: | Meichow (present) Meihsien (former) Kaying (former; pre-1912) |
| J: | Mui4 zau1 |
| Y: | Mùihjāu |
| H: | Mòi-chû |
| L: | Plum/prune Prefecture |
| Showflag: | h |
| Order: | st |
Meizhou (Hakka Chinese: Mòichû) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Guangdong province, China. It has an area of 15864.51km², and a population of 3,873,239 as of the 2020 census. It comprises Meijiang District, Meixian District, Xingning City and five counties. Its built-up or metro area made up of two urban districts was home to 992,351 inhabitants.[3]
Neolithic age stone tools and pottery have been discovered in dozens of places in the Meixian district of Meizhou. Ancient kiln sites from the Western Zhou dynasty and bells from the Warring States period were also found. Before the Qin dynasty, Meizhou was under Nanyue rule. After Qin unified the Nanyue, Meizhou was belonged to Nanhai Commandery.
The original name of Meizhou was Chengxiang (程乡), established under the prefecture of Jingzhou during the Southern Han (917–971). The name was changed to Meizhou at the 10th century and Jiaying Prefecture at the 15th century. After 1912, it was changed back to Meizhou, the name comes from the Mei River and the Chinese name for the plum blossom .[4] After several subsequent shifts of jurisdiction, it became Meizhou City in 1988. Meizhou is now a noted historical and cultural city.[5]
Meizhou is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, bordering Fujian Province in the northeast and Jiangxi Province in the northwest. The complex geological structure was formed mainly from granite, spouting rocks, metamorphic rock, shale, sandstone, red rock and limestone.Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 23° 23' to 24° 56' N and in longitude from 115° 18' to 116° 56' E, covering an area of 15836km2.[6]
Meizhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with short, mild, overcast winters and long, very hot, humid summers. The monthly daily average temperature in January is 12.6°C, and in July is 28.9°C. From April to June, rainfall is the heaviest and most frequent. Though striking typhoons do not affect the area as much as the coast, the mountainous topography means that flooding is a serious concern.
The municipal government, Intermediate Court, CPC office and Public Security Bureau are located in the Jiangnan Subdistrict of the Meijiang District, on the right bank of Mei River.
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |
| Meijiang District | Chinese: 梅江区 | Méijiāng Qū | 380,771 | 570.62 | 667 | |
| Meixian District | Chinese: 梅县区 | Méixiàn Qū | 554,745 | 2,476.87 | 224 | |
| Dabu County | Chinese: 大埔县 | Dàbù Xiàn | 374,666 | 2,461.82 | 152 | |
| Fengshun County | Chinese: 丰顺县 | Fēngshùn Xiàn | 478,974 | 2,706.34 | 177 | |
| Wuhua County | Chinese: 五华县 | Wǔhuá Xiàn | 1,050,528 | 3,237.83 | 324 | |
| Pingyuan County | Chinese: 平远县 | Píngyuǎn Xiàn | 230,045 | 1,373.98 | 167 | |
| Jiaoling County | Chinese: 蕉岭县 | Jiāolǐng Xiàn | 205,849 | 961.64 | 214 | |
| Xingning | Chinese: 兴宁市 | Xīngníng Shì | 962,883 | 2,075.39 | 464 | |
Meizhou is rich in mineral and tourism resources. It has 48 kinds of minerals including coal, iron, limestone, rare clay and porcelain clay amongst others. Of these reserves manganese is ranked first in Guangdong Province. Meizhou has plenty of water resources, hot springs and certified mineral waters. There are tourism resources such as cultural historic sites constructed during the Tang dynasty, former residences of notable figures, natural scenery of all kinds, and unique Hakka cultural sights.[7]
Meizhou is a communication hub for the three provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Jiangxi and the bridge connecting the coastal and the inland areas. State Highways 205 and 206 run across the city. Expressways, state, provincial county and village highways extend to all parts.
In 2019 the city became the terminus for the Meizhou–Chaoshan high-speed railway which opened a new station at providing high-speed rail links to Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Shantou, Chaoshan, Yichang and Xiamen.[8] The Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou railway and Meizhou-Kanshi Railway use Meizhou railway station in the city providing regular rail connections to Guangzhou, Xiamen, Shantou, Shenzhen, Dapu, Wuchang and Kunming.[9]
The city is served by the regional Meizhou Meixian Airport, with regular air routes to Guangzhou and Hong Kong.By water, the Mei River and Han River reach Chaozhou and Shantou.[10]
The Meixian dialect is considered the standard Hakka dialect, along with the neighboring Mei County and Dabu County.[11]
Hakka people are a unique ethnic group of Han Chinese originally from around the Yellow River area, who later migrated south to avoid the chaos of war centuries ago. Due to hostility towards the new immigrants, many were forced into the mountainous regions of Guangdong Province. This migratory tradition has continued with the redistribution of Hakka people to the most remote parts of the world. Many people in Meizhou emigrated during the last century to earn money for their families, with some returning to build in their hometowns.
Many buildings are named after famous people in Meizhou, built by returning Hakkas.
Because of its mountainous location, Meizhou has numerous natural scenic areas and good air quality. Many visitors come to the Yannanfei Tea Garden to climb the mountain.
Education in Meizhou has been highly valued since ancient times. The city is home to Jiaying University, a local university which also attracts Hakka students from other provinces. The university is also known for its research into Hakka culture.
During the period after August or September, a sea of pomelos can be seen, especially in village orchards.Salt baked chicken is among the most well-known Hakka dishes, found also in many other cities. Another local dish is Yong tau foo (stuffed tofu). It is said that when Hakka people first came south, there was no wheat flour for dumplings. So they substituted tofu. Meat based fillings give a special taste that became a feature of Hakka cuisine. Preserved beef and ginger candies are also locally popular.