| Kayagar | |
| Also Known As: | Cook River |
| Region: | South Papua |
| Familycolor: | Papuan |
| Fam1: | Trans–New Guinea |
| Fam2: | Kayagar–Kolopom |
| Glotto: | kaya1327 |
| Glottorefname: | Kayagaric |
| Map: | Kayagar languages.svg |
| Mapcaption: | Map: The Kayagar languages of New Guinea |
The Kayagar languages are a small family of four closely related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around the Cook River in Province of South Papua, Indonesia:[1]
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1] [2]
| Gondu River | Atohwaim | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sg | pl | sg | pl | ||
| 1 |
|
| naxa | nipi, neβi | |
| 2 |
|
| axa | aʔani | |
| 3 |
|
| – | – | |
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[1]
| gloss | Proto-Gondu River | |
|---|---|---|
| head |
| |
| hair |
| |
| ear |
| |
| eye |
| |
| nose |
| |
| tooth |
| |
| tongue |
| |
| foot/leg |
| |
| blood |
| |
| bone |
| |
| skin/bark |
| |
| breast |
| |
| louse |
| |
| dog |
| |
| pig |
| |
| bird |
| |
| egg |
| |
| tree/wood |
| |
| man/person |
| |
| woman |
| |
| sun |
| |
| moon |
| |
| water |
| |
| fire |
| |
| stone |
| |
| path |
| |
| name |
| |
| eat |
| |
| one |
| |
| two |
|
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970)[3] and Voorhoeve (1971, 1975),[4] [5] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[6]
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. tikem, toxom for “head”) or not (e.g. icoxop, iripam for “ear”).
| gloss | Tamagario | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| head | tikem | toxom | tokom | |
| hair | upm | owpm | upm | |
| ear | icoxop | iripam | ipiram | |
| eye | saam | saxam | sakam | |
| nose | opom | jup | jup | |
| tooth | ukoxom | oxom | ukom | |
| tongue | menaxaram | marap | marap | |
| leg | apir | apir | apir | |
| louse | numu | soːm | ||
| dog | upoc | epere; epe(re) | epe | |
| pig | wakum | wakum | wakum | |
| bird | wakem | səpam | towpam | |
| egg | mapiam | mapiaxam | mapiakam | |
| blood | wis | jes; yes | jet; yet | |
| bone | nömöp | namop; nəmop | nomop | |
| skin | piep | pip | pip | |
| breast | ötöm | erem | ||
| tree | wim | wom | wom | |
| man | mapirie | jo; yo | jo; yo | |
| woman | enepe | onop | onop | |
| sun | teme | taam | taam | |
| moon | kaʔaram | xaxaram | kakaram | |
| water | oxom | oxom | okom | |
| fire | acu | aru | aru | |
| stone | iki | kakup | maitu | |
| road, path | sepmop | xami | kame | |
| eat | owp | xapri | kapri | |
| one | papriaxap | paxamu | pakamok | |
| two | coopm | tosigi | totigi |